Size-specific fish avoidance of the spined crustacean Bythotrephes: field support for laboratory predictions

1995 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 768-775 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Rae Barnhisel ◽  
Heather A. Harvey
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Fish ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Stomach Contents ◽  
Fish Length ◽  
Fish Diet ◽  
Young Fish ◽  
Threshold Size ◽  
Bythotrephes Cederstroemi ◽  
Spearman Rank Correlation Analysis ◽  
Fish Avoidance

Stomach contents of juvenile fish and zooplankton samples taken simultaneously with fish were analyzed to determine whether young fish in Lake Superior utilize Bythotrephes (cederstroemi form), a spined crustacean present in the Great Lakes since the 1980s. Bythotrephes made up approximately 11% of the zooplankton samples on our sampling date; however, it comprised approximately 0.3% of the fish diet (N = 358 fish, 2.8–23.9 cm in total length). No fish < 7.0 cm in length (N = 208) contained Bythotrephes. According to the Manly–Chesson selectivity index, fish negatively selected or avoided the spined zooplankter. A Spearman rank correlation analysis indicated that although the number of Bythotrephes in the gut significantly increased with fish length, preference did not. These field results support predictions derived from laboratory experiments that (1) Bythotrephes is not a preferred prey item for young fish, (2) there is a threshold size of fish that can utilize Bythotrephes as a food source, and (3) as fish increase in size, they are more likely to consume Bythotrephes.

Multiple Regression Modeling for Age Estimation by Assessment and Comparison of Spheno-Occipital Synchondrosis Fusion and Cervical Vertebral Maturation Stages

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ceren Aktuna Belgin ◽  
Seval Bayrak ◽  
Kaan Orhan ◽  
Handan Ankarali
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Age Estimation ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Cone Beam ◽  
Spearman Rank Correlation Analysis ◽  
Maturation Stages ◽  
Multiple Regression Modeling ◽  
Cervical Vertebral Maturation ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Objectives The aim of this study was (1) to evaluate the relationship between spheno-occipital synchondrosis (SOS) fusion stages, cervical vertebral maturation (CVM) stages, and clivus sizes with chronological age on cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images, and (2) to compare these methods for accurate age estimation using regression analysis. Materials and Methods The CBCT images of 200 individuals (102 females and 98 males) were included in the study. The SOS fusion stages and CVM stages were evaluated. The width and length of the clivus were measured. The effects of SOS fusion stages, CVM stages, clivus width, and clivus length on age estimation were evaluated by univariate tests and the effects of coexistence with ANCOVA and regression model. Spearman rank correlation analysis was also used to investigate the relationship between the SOS fusion stage, CVM stage, clivus width, and clivus length. Results The SOS stages, CVM stages, and clivus width were not shown statistically significant differences between the sexes (p-values = 0.205, 0.162, and 0.277, respectively), whereas clivus length was significantly longer in males (42.9 ± 4.26 mm) than in females (41.04 ± 3.74 mm). Multiple regression analysis showed 80% success when all parameters (SOS fusion stages, CVM stages, clivus width, and clivus length) were taken into consideration. Conclusion In conclusion, with the use of CVM stages and SOS fusion stages together, an accurate and reliable age estimation can be obtained in forensic medicine.

scholarly journals Juvenile fish assemblages in the Jinju Bay region, Korea

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Se Hun Myoung ◽  
Seok Nam Kwak ◽  
Jin-Koo Kim ◽  
Won-Chan Lee ◽  
Jeong Bae Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dominant Species ◽  
Fish Assemblages ◽  
Juvenile Fish ◽  
Young Fish ◽  
Monthly Basis ◽  
Southern Korea ◽  
Pleuronichthys Cornutus ◽  
Pennahia Argentata ◽  
Hemitripterus Villosus ◽  
Number Of Individuals

AbstractAssemblages of juvenile fish and associated abiotic parameters were investigated inside and outside Jinju Bay in southern Korea, on a monthly basis from December 2014 to November 2015. Fluctuations in water temperature and salinity were larger inside than outside the bay. In total, 534,657 individuals per square kilometre from 81 fish species and 47 families were collected during the study period. The most dominant species was Nuchequula nuchalis both inside (25.6%) and outside (26.9%) the bay. The next dominant species were Thryssa kammalensis (17.9%) and Zoarces gillii (16.0%) inside the bay and Liparis tanakae (16.9%) and T. kammalensis (9.0%) outside the bay. Forty species (33% of total number of individuals) of young fish were recorded inside the bay and 47 species (52%) outside the bay. Therefore, it appears that a diversity of fish use nursery grounds inside and outside Jinju Bay. In particular, the following six species appeared: Z. gillii, Pleuronichthys cornutus, L. tanakae, Hemitripterus villosus, Pennahia argentata, and Xenocephalus elongates. Due to assemblage differences for fishes within Jinju Bay and outside the bay, management of both areas is required to maintain current diversity of species in the region.

scholarly journals Meteorological factors affect the hand, foot, and mouth disease epidemic in Qingdao, China, 2007–2014

2016 ◽  
Vol 144 (11) ◽  
pp. 2354-2362 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. C. JIANG ◽  
F. YANG ◽  
L. CHEN ◽  
J. JIA ◽  
Y. L. HAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Meteorological Factors ◽  
Enterovirus 71 ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Atmospheric Temperature ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Foot And Mouth ◽  
Spearman Rank Correlation Analysis

SUMMARYHand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) has caused public health concerns worldwide. We aimed to investigate the effect of meteorological factors on the HFMD epidemic in Qingdao, a port city in China. A total of 78641 cases were reported in Qingdao between January 2007 and December 2014. Of those, 71084 (90·39%) occurred in children aged 0–5 years, with an incidence of 1691·2/100000. The incidence increased from early spring, peaked between spring and summer, and decreased in late summer. Aetiological agents in all severe cases and selected mild cases were characterized by examining throat swabs. Except for enterovirus 71 (EV71) and coxsackievirus A16 (CA16), other EVs caused >50% of the HFMD cases between 2011 and 2014. EV71 was more frequent in the off-peak months than in the peak months and prone to causing more severe cases compared to CA16 (χ2 = 46·3, P < 0·001). CA10 caused more severe HFMD than did CA6 (χ2 = 20·49, P < 0·001) and all non-CA10 EVs (χ2 = 41·01, P < 0·001). Community-derived HFMD cases accounted for 65·11%. Spearman rank correlation analysis showed that HFMD incidence in children aged 0–5 years was positively correlated with atmospheric temperature (rs = 0·77, P < 0·001), relative humidity (rs = 0·507, P < 0·001), and precipitation (rs = 0·328, P < 0·001). Climate changes and CA10 surveillance in communities should be integrated into the current prophylactic programme.

Farmers’ Capacity and Rice Productivity in Climate Change Adaptation in Central Lampung Regency, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 346-353
Author(s):  
Indah Listiana ◽  
Indah Nurmayasari ◽  
Rinaldi Bursan ◽  
Muher Sukmayanto ◽  
Helvi Yanfika ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Change Adaptation ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Performance Level ◽  
Crop Failure ◽  
Rice Productivity ◽  
Spearman Rank Correlation Analysis ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Climate change is an extreme natural change condition due to global warming that cannot be avoided, and will have a broad impact on various aspects of life, including the agricultural sector. The impact of climate change that occurs in the agricultural sector, namely flood and drought that cause plants to crop failure , is becoming greater, causing significant reduction in agricultural production, especially rice, requiring that farmers have the ability to adapt to climate change. The purposes of this study are to analyze the relationship between the performance level of agricultural extension workers and the capacity level of farmers in regard to climate change adaptation, and to analyze the relationship between the level of farmer capacity in climate change adaptation and rice productivity. The research was conducted in Central Lampung Regency in 2019 using a total of 100 rice farmers. The data analysis method used is Spearman rank correlation analysis. The results show that the performance level of agricultural instructors is significantly related to the level of knowledge capacity, attitude, and skills of farmers in climate change adaptation. Knowledge capacity, attitude, and skills of farmers in climate change adaptation are significantly related to rice productivity.

scholarly journals Will Musculoskeletal Conditions of Shoulder Affect the Hand Function and Hand-Eye Coordination? A Cross-Sectional Analysis

2020 ◽  
pp. 17-20
Author(s):  
Senthil Kumar B ◽  
Subbaiah S ◽  
Arunachalam Ramachandran ◽  
Mohammad Sidiq ◽  
Mahendra Yadav ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shoulder Pain ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Hand Function ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Shoulder Pathology ◽  
Hand Eye Coordination ◽  
Spearman Rank Correlation Analysis ◽  
Sectional Analysis

Objective: To analyze the Hand Function (HF) and Hand-Eye Coordination (HEC) among subjects with shoulder conditions resulting in pain and disability. Methodology: In these cross-sectional 47 subjects with selected shoulder pathology between 30 to 60 years participated. Shoulder pathology was measured in terms of pain and disability using the SPADI scale. These values were correlated with Purdue pegboard and Balloon tossing task and Wall Ball Bounce task. Results: Spearman rank correlation analysis of SPADI pain component revealed that there was a negative correlation with HF (R= -0.596, p<0.001), but there was significant correlation with HEC1 (R= -0.260, p= 0.078) and HEC2 (R= -0.217, p= -0.144). Though there was no correlation a negative relationship was observed between the variables. In the correlation of SPADI disability component there was a perfect negative correlation with HF (R= -0.870, p<0.001), with HEC1 (R= -0.588, p<0.001) and HEC2 (R= -0.541, p<0.001). Conclusion: This study concludes that shoulder pain negatively influences the Hand Function, whereas the shoulder disability negatively influences both Hand Function and Hand-Eye Coordination. The therapist should consider assessing and treating HF and HEC in patients with shoulder pain and disability in the future.

scholarly journals Inverse Associations Between Circulating Secreted Frizzled Related Protein 2 (sFRP2) and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mengying Cao ◽  
Hao Wang ◽  
Wenshu Li ◽  
Xueli Jiang ◽  
Xiaolin Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Related Protein ◽  
Spearman Rank Correlation ◽  
Spearman Rank ◽  
Spearman Rank Correlation Analysis ◽  
Hs Crp

Background: Secreted frizzled-related protein 2 (sFRP2) plays an important role in metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs); However, its relevance with cardiometabolic diseases remains to be elucidated. We aimed to determine the serum levels of sFRP2 in patients at different stages of heart failure (HF) with or without type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and assess the correlation between circulating sFRP2 levels and cardiometabolic risk factors.Methods: In this study, serum samples from 277 patients visiting Zhongshan Hospital affiliated to Fudan University were collected. These patients were clinically diagnosed and categorized as five groups, including the control group, pre-clinical HF group, pre-clinical HF+T2DM group, HF group and HF+T2DM group. Serum sFRP2 levels were measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) tests and the clinical characteristics of each patient were recorded. Spearman rank correlation analysis and multiple stepwise linear regression analysis were conducted. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis were performed to screen risk factors for HF in patients with CVDs.Results: Serum sFRP2 levels were significantly lower in the HF+T2DM group compared with the other four groups. Spearman rank correlation analysis showed that sFRP2 was negatively correlated with parameters including patients' age, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), cardiac troponin T (cTNT), N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), left atrial dimension (LAD) and left ventricular posterior wall (LVPW), and positively correlated with hemoglobin, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), albumin, total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). However, in multiple regression analysis, significant associations with ln(sFRP2) were observed only in FPG, hs-CRP and LAD. Higher serum sFRP2 was significantly linked to lower odds of HF in patients with CVDs.Conclusion: sFRP2 progressively decreased when glucose homeostasis and cardiac function deteriorated. sFRP2 acted as a risk factor for HF in patients with CVDs, especially in those with concomitant T2DM.

Digenean parasite communities in flatfishes of the Scotian Shelf and southern Gulf of St. Lawrence

1982 ◽  
Vol 60 (11) ◽  
pp. 2804-2811 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Scott
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Behavior ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Stomach Contents ◽  
Parasite Prevalence ◽  
Winter Flounder ◽  
Fish Length ◽  
Pseudopleuronectes Americanus ◽  
Scotian Shelf ◽  
Yellowtail Flounder ◽  
Limanda Ferruginea

Prevalence of digenean parasites in four major flatfishes of the Scotian Shelf and southern Gulf of St. Lawrence, American plaice (Hippoglossoides platessoides), yellowtail flounder (Limanda ferruginea), witch flounder (Glyptocephalus cynoglossus), and winter flounder (Pseudopleuronectes americanus), is compared between hosts in relation to geographic distribution, season, feeding behavior, and fish length. The 13 parasite species indicate overlap of feeding habits among hosts but also considerable diversity in feeding behavior, supporting the evidence from examination of stomach contents. Prevalence of digeneans in different final hosts varied between geographic areas and may be used to characterize the populations of the comparatively sedentary flatfish populations. Seasonal variation in prevalence was consistent from area to area but differed between parasites, from the expected increase in summer in some, concomitant with increased feeding, to a winter increase in others, probably related to a seasonal change of diet. Fish length had little effect on parasite prevalence in yellowtail flounder and witch flounder but had a notable effect on plaice and winter flounder from the Gulf of St. Lawrence, again apparently related to change of diet.

A critical review of methods of studying fish feeding based on analysis of stomach contents: application to elasmobranch fishes

1997 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 726-738 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Cortés
Keyword(s):  
Stomach Content ◽  
Critical Review ◽  
Graphical Representation ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Stomach Contents ◽  
Real Data ◽  
Daily Ration ◽  
Fish Feeding ◽  
Elasmobranch Fishes

Using real data sets of elasmobranch fishes as examples, this paper presents a critical review of selected methods and statistical approaches used in fish feeding studies and makes recommendations on the application of such methodology. The percent index of relative importance is proposed as a standardized measure in dietary analyses, and a three-dimensional graphical representation of the diet is introduced. Multiway contingency table (log-linear) analysis is recommended to test for dietary variations. Caution is advised when using rank correlation to study dietary overlap and parametric tests when stomach content data do not satisfy parametric assumptions. Sampling gear type, experimental design, and statistical tests can affect results on diel feeding chronology, and stomach content weights do not suffice to interpret diel feeding chronology. On the basis of sampling requirements and model assumptions, the Diana and Olson-Mullen methods appear to be the most appropriate approaches for estimating daily ration in sharks. Use of resampling techniques is highly desirable because they provide a measure of the error in daily ration estimates. Using several criteria to evaluate the best-fitting model of gastric evacuation in fishes is also strongly advocated. Overall, increased consolidation of methods and analyses is recommended to facilitate comparative studies.

Fish on the roof of the world: densities, habitats and trophic position of stone loaches (Triplophysa) in Tibetan streams

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dean Jacobsen ◽  
Søren Kock Laursen ◽  
Ladislav Hamerlik ◽  
Karen Moltesen ◽  
Anders Michelsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trophic Position ◽  
Stomach Contents ◽  
Benthic Algae ◽  
Stomach Content Analysis ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Fish Length ◽  
The Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Running Waters ◽  
Ecological Data ◽  
Percentage Cover

The fast increase in temperature on the Tibetan Plateau, with anticipated future changes in aquatic ecosystems and biodiversity, highlights the urgent need for ecological data on the sparsely studied Tibetan running waters. In the present study we surveyed eight Tibetan streams to obtain data on densities, feeding selectivity and trophic position of the stone loach Triplophysa. Benthic algae, detritus, macroinvertebrates and fish were quantified and collected for stable isotope and stomach content analysis. Triplophysa density (mean 0.70 individuals m–2, maximum 1.6 individuals m–2) decreased with altitude and increased with the percentage cover of fine substratum. Glacier-fed sites tended to have the lowest fish densities, whereas the highest densities were found near lakes. Mean fish length (4.1–9.6cm) was positively related to the percentage cover of coarse substratum. Triplophysa was omnivorous, but the composition of the stomach contents varied greatly between sites and among individuals. Algal matter was ingested at most sites, but macroinvertebrates (Chironomidae, Baetidae and Simuliidae) dominated the ingestion (average 50–100%). The trophic position of Triplophysa, identified from δ15N (‰) of the biota, varied between 2.6 and 4.2 among localities (mean 3.6) and was inversely related to the biomass of benthic algae, but unrelated to quantities of other potential food sources.

scholarly journals Associations among Fish Length, Dam Passage History, and Survival to Adulthood in Two At-Risk Species of Pacific Salmon

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
James R. Faulkner ◽  
Blane L. Bellerud ◽  
Daniel L. Widener ◽  
Richard W. Zabel
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Pacific Salmon ◽  
Juvenile Fish ◽  
Fish Length ◽  
Hydroelectric Dams ◽  
Successful Management ◽  
Fish Size ◽  
Seaward Migration ◽  
Pass Through

AbstractThreatened or endangered salmon and steelhead originating in the Snake River basin must pass through a series of eight major hydroelectric dams during their seaward migration. Understanding the effects of specific dam passage routes on lifetime survival for these stocks is essential for successful management. Juvenile fish may pass these dams via three primary routes: 1) spillways; 2) turbines; or 3) juvenile bypass systems, which divert fish away from turbines and route them downstream. Bypass systems may expose fish to trauma, increased stress, or disease. However, numerous studies have indicated that direct survival through bypass systems is comparable to and often higher than that through spillways. Some researchers have suggested that route of dam passage affects mortality in the estuary or ocean, but this is complicated by studies finding fish size affects route of passage. We tested whether passage through bypass systems was associated with probability of adult return after accounting for fish length and other covariates for two species of concern. We also investigated the association between fish length and probability of bypass at dams, and how this relationship could lead to spurious conclusions regarding effects of bypass systems on survival if length was ignored. We found that: 1) larger fish had lower bypass probabilities at 6 of 7 dams; 2) larger fish had higher probability of surviving to adulthood; 3) bypass history had little association with adult return after accounting for length; and 4) simulations indicated spurious effects of bypass on survival may arise when no true bypass effect exists, especially in models without length. Our results suggest that after fish leave the hydropower system, bypass passage history has little effect on mortality. Our findings underscore the importance of accounting for fish size in studies of dam passage or survival.

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