A toxic substance from Aspergillus viridi-nutans

1972 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. B. Lillehoj ◽  
A. Ciegler
Keyword(s):  
Toxic Substance ◽  
Magnesium Silicate ◽  
Ultraviolet Spectrum ◽  
Hydroxyl Groups ◽  
Molecular Formula ◽  
Excitation Band ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
Solvent Systems ◽  
Fluorescent Spot

A compound toxic to mice has been extracted from mycelia of Aspergillus viridi-nutans NRRL 4365, a member of the A. fumigatus group. After 2 weeks of growth on a Raulin-Thom medium in static culture at 28C, up to 2 g of toxin could be recovered from 300 g (wet weight) of mycelium. After the compound was isolated by chromatographic separation on activated magnesium silicate columns, the purified fraction was readily crystallized from cold benzene. A suspension of the substance in propylene glycol (administered intraperitoneally) had an LD50 of 2.8 mg/kg in 20-g mice. The toxin was highly fluorescent, exhibiting a 382-nm excitation band and an emission maximum at 450 nm. In thin-layer chromatographic analyses the crystalline compound appeared as a single fluorescent spot in two different solvent systems. The ultraviolet spectrum of the metabolite showed absorption maxima at 380 and 266 nm. Distinctive features of the infrared spectrum were the presence of chelated hydroxyl groups and a carbonyl ester function. Mass spectrometry demonstrated that the molecular weight of the toxin was 662 with a molecular formula of C34H30O14. Chemical microanalysis verified the formula and provided evidence of four methoxyl groups.

scholarly journals Hybrid system «layered magnesium silicate – chlorin е6 13(1),15(2),17(3)-N,N',N''-(2-hydroxyethyl)triamide»

2020 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 12-18
Author(s):  
Inna V. Loukhina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Hybrid Systems ◽  
Methyl Ether ◽  
Visible Region ◽  
Magnesium Silicate ◽  
Organic Component ◽  
Chlorin E6 ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Aggregative Stability ◽  
Hydroxyl Groups ◽  
Hybrid Particles

Matrices based on layered silicates have a set of useful properties, in particular, they are able to increase the stability and photosensitizing ability of porphyrins. Hybrid systems “layered silicate - porphyrin (metal porphyrin)” are promising as active components of systems for light collecting and artificial photosynthesis, catalysts, photocatalysts. The hybrid systems with content of 1.4∙10-6 and 4.2∙10-6 mol of the chlorin e6 13(1),15(2),17(3)-N,N',N''-(2-hydroxyethyl)triamide per 1 g of layered magnesium silicate was obtained by heat treatment method of a synthetic layered magnesium silicate of hectorite composition when treated with an aqueous-alcoholic solution of organic component. The molar ratio of the starting components is: Mg(OH)2 : SiO2 : LiF = 1 : 1.51 : 0.25 : chlorin e6 derivative = 1 : 1.51 : 0.25 : (19.93∙10-5 – 59.58∙10-5). Using dynamic light scattering and laser Doppler electrophoresis, it was shown that the introduction of chlorin e6 13(1),15(2),17 (3)-N,N',N''- (2-hydroxyethyl) triamide leads to the growth of hybrid particles (162 ± 3 nm) and a decrease in their aggregative stability (-30 ± 1 mV), compared with the initial layered magnesium silicate (133 ± 1 nm, -33 ± 1 mV). In this case, the introduction of more hydrophilic chlorin e6 13(1),15(2),17(3)-N,N',N''-(2-hydroxyethyl)triamidе, in the molecule of which there are three fragments of ethanolamine, allows to obtain smaller hybrid particles (162 ± 3 nm), compared with hybrid particles (248 ± 6 nm) formed by the action of chlorin e6 13(1),17(3)-N,N'-(2-hydroxyethyl)diamide15(2)-methyl ether, in the molecule of which there are two fragments of ethanolamine. Using the methods of X-ray phase analysis and electron spectroscopy in the UV-visible region, it was found that individual molecules of chlorin e6 13(1),15(2),17(3)-N,N',N''-(2-hydroxyethyl)triamide were sorbed on the surface of silicate particles due to the electrostatic interaction between the protonated molecules of the macrocycle and the ionized hydroxyl groups of magnesium silicate. It was shown that the higher hydrophilicity of chlorin e6 13(1),15(2),17(3)-N,N',N''-(2-hydroxyethyl)triamide, compared with chlorin e6 13(1),17(3)-N,N'-(2-hydroxyethyl)diamide15(2)-methyl ether did not contribute to the intercalation of the organic component into the interlayer space of layered magnesium silicate under the conditions of a water-alcohol medium.

scholarly journals Synthesis, Spectroscopic Characterization and Antibactrial Activities of Co(II) Complex of Ofloxacin Drug Mixed with Ascorbic Acid as secondary ligand

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ugochukwu Onyenze ◽  
I.E. Otuokere
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Melting Point ◽  
Spectroscopic Characterization ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Hydroxyl Groups ◽  
Molecular Formula ◽  
Filter Paper Disc ◽  
Secondary Ligand

Ofloxacin is a quinolone antibiotic that is considered an efficient antibacterial drug with a broad spectrum of activity against anaerobic and aerobic bacteria and has strong antibacterial activity in vitro against many bacteria species by inhibiting their DNA-gyrase. In this study, the synthesis, physicochemical and spectroscopic characterization of Cobalt (II) metal complex with ofloxacin as primary ligand and ascorbic acid as the secondary ligand have been carried out. The complex was prepared by reflux method for four hours in methanol. The complex, with the molecular formula [Co(Ofl)(Asc)], was characterized by its color, solubility, melting point, FTIR, UV/Visible, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR spectroscopy. The color and the melting point suggest that complexation occurred. The Fourier Transform Infrared data for both the primary ligand (Ofl) and the secondary ligand (Asc) acted as tridentate ligands. Ofl coordinated to the Co(II) metal ion via the two carbonyl oxygen atoms and the oxygen atom of the hydroxyl group, whereas Asc coordinated to the metal through the carbonyl and enolic C-2 and C-3 hydroxyl groups. The electronic data suggests octahedral geometry for the complex. The ligands and the novel Co (II) complex were tested for in vitro antibacterial activity against gram-negative and gram-positive bacterial species using the filter paper disc agar diffusion method. Significant antibacterial activities were observed for the complex compared to the ligands. This research will aid in the development of more potent drugs that are resistant to organisms.

Adsorption of Poly(vinyl butyral) in Nonaqueous Ferrite Suspensions

1997 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 1062-1068 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jau-Ho Jean ◽  
Shun-Fen Yeh ◽  
Chi-Jen Chen
Keyword(s):  
Binary Solvent ◽  
Hydroxyl Groups ◽  
Ferrite Powder ◽  
Solvent Mixtures ◽  
Hydroxyl Content ◽  
Surface Hydroxyl ◽  
Binary Solvent Systems ◽  
Solvent Systems ◽  
Vinyl Butyral ◽  
Poor Solvent

The adsorption of poly(vinyl butyral) (PVB) on NiCuZn ferrite powder in binary solvent systems of 1-butanol and toluene has been investigated. The adsorption isotherms of different PVB's on ferrite powder from various solvent mixtures follow closely the Langmuir monolayer types and can be explained by adsorption competition between solvents and PVB. A relatively poor solvent for PVB increases its adsorption on ferrite powder and thus improves the dispersion of the powder in the nonaqueous suspension. The adsorbance of PVB increases with increasing hydroxyl content in PVB suggesting that PVB is bonding strongly to the protruding surface hydroxyl groups on ferrite powder.

Thin Layer Chromatography of Organophosphorus Insecticides with Several Adsorbents and Ternary Solvent Systems

1968 ◽  
Vol 51 (5) ◽  
pp. 1101-1107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melvix E Getz ◽  
Helen G Wheeler
Keyword(s):  
Aluminum Oxide ◽  
Thin Layer ◽  
Thin Layer Chromatography ◽  
Silica Gel ◽  
Magnesium Silicate ◽  
Organophosphorus Insecticides ◽  
Binder Free ◽  
Solvent Systems ◽  
Layer Chromatography

Abstract Forty-two organophosphorus insecticides were chromatographed on binder-free thin layer plates prepared from silica gel, aluminum oxide, and magnesium silicate. Five ternary solvent systems were used for the development and three selective chromogenic sprays for the identification of the migrated spots

scholarly journals Partial characterization of a biologically active steroid glycoside isolated from the starfish Marthasterias glacialis

1970 ◽  
Vol 117 (3) ◽  
pp. 543-550 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Mackie ◽  
A. B. Turner
Keyword(s):  
Steroid Glycoside ◽  
Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Hydroxyl Group ◽  
Hydroxyl Groups ◽  
Molecular Formula ◽  
Buccinum Undatum ◽  
Marthasterias Glacialis ◽  
Olefinic Double Bond

1. A steroid glycoside (M2), which induces avoidance and other reactions in the mollusc Buccinum undatum, has been isolated from extracts of the starfish Marthasterias glacialis by ion-exchange chromatography. 2. The steroid glycoside was homogeneous by t.l.c. and contained glucose, quinovose, fucose and sulphate in the molar proportions 1:2:1:1, in addition to a water-insoluble aglycone. 3. The aglycone was identified as a cholestane derivative containing an unusual Δ24-23-ketone system, two secondary hydroxyl groups and an olefinic double bond, and had the molecular formula C27H42O3. 4. The rates of release of sugars and sulphate suggested that fucose was at the non-reducing end of the oligosaccharide, with glucose glycosidically linked to the steroid. The sulphate group appeared to be linked to the other hydroxyl group of the steroid.

IDENTIFICATION AND MEASUREMENT OF SULPHATE-CONJUGATED NEUTRAL STEROIDS IN THE INTESTINAL CONTENTS OF EARLY AND MID-TERM FOETUSES

1973 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. HUHTANIEMI ◽  
R. VIHKO
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Total Concentration ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Hydroxyl Groups ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Intestinal Contents ◽  
Neutral Steroid ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
Human Foetuses

SUMMARY Sulphate-conjugated neutral steroids in the intestinal contents of early and mid-term human foetuses (14–20 weeks of gestation) were investigated by gas—liquid chromatography and gas chromatography—mass spectrometry. Twenty-four neutral steroids were found in the monosulphate fraction and 21 in the disulphate fraction. The total concentration of these steroids varied between 9·6 and 15·3 mg/100 g meconium wet weight, about half being monosulphates and half disulphates. Steroids with a 3β-hydroxy-5-ene structure were found and also saturated steroids which carried hydroxyl groups at carbons 3, 11, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20 or 21. Among them were steroids not previously detected in human foetal compartments. Thus, the foetal meconium is both qualitatively and quantitatively the richest foetal source of neutral steroid sulphates so far investigated. The present results together with those reported in the literature show that in the course of pregnancy there is a many-fold increase in the steroid concentration of the foetal intestinal contents. This is most obvious in the case of saturated C19 steroids and polar pregnane derivatives. Reduction of the 20-ones to 20β-ols seems to be more extensive towards the end of pregnancy. 5, 16-Pregnadienes and 3β-hydroxy-5β-pregnanes are present in higher concentrations in early pregnancy.

scholarly journals Hybrid system «layered magnesium silicate – chlorin е6 13(1), 17(3)-N,N'-(2-hydroxyethyl)diamide 15(2)-methyl ester»

2019 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 34-39
Author(s):  
Inna V. Loukhina ◽  
◽  
Irina S. Khudyaeva ◽  
Anna Yu. Bugaeva ◽  
Dmitry V. Belykh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Magnesium Silicate ◽  
Soret Band ◽  
Ethanol Solution ◽  
Chlorin E6 ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Hydroxyl Groups ◽  
Vis Spectroscopy ◽  
Chlorine E6

Hectorite type layered magnesium silicate have been synthesized by heat treatment of reaction mixture freshly prepared magnesium hydroxide suspension, silica sol, lithium fluoride solution. The starting Mg(OH)2 : SiO2 : LiF molar ratio was 1 : 1.51 : 0.25. Hybrid systems have been synthesized by heat treatment of synthetic layered magnesium silicate in water-ethanol solution of chlorin е6 13 (1), 17(3)-N,N'-(2-hydroxyethyl) diamide 15(2)-methyl ester. The systems contain of 0.85∙10-6 and 1.4∙10-6mol of the organic component per 1 g of layered magnesium silicate. The introduction of the chlorin e6 derivative into hectorite type layered magnesium silicate sol promotes the aggregation processes and growth particles of the hybrid samples (250±5 nm), as compared with the particles of magnesium silicate (133±1 nm). X-ray phase analysis, UV-Vis spectroscopy and laser Doppler electrophoresis studies have been allowed to establish that non-aggregated molecules of the chlorin e6 derivative are located on the surface of magnesium silicate particles.UV-Vis spectroscopy study showed protonation of nitrogen atoms of the chlorine macrocycle of the chlorin e6 derivative molecules (Soret band 405-406 nm; Q-band 642-643 nm) by hydroxyl groups of the layered magnesium silicate. Chlorin е6 13 (1), 17(3)-N,N'-(2-hydroxyethyl) diamide 15(2)-methyl ester sorption on the surface of magnesium silicate particles occurs due to electrostatic interaction between protonated chlorine e6 derivative molecules and ionized hydroxyl groups of the magnesium silicate.

The Clinical, Roentgenological and Morphological Effects of an Acute Exposure of Phosgene on the Lungs of Dogs

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 236-237
Author(s):  
R. F. Bils ◽  
W. F. Diller ◽  
F. Huth
Keyword(s):  
Latent Period ◽  
Chemical Industry ◽  
Toxic Substance ◽  
Lung Edema ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Beagle Dogs ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Morphological Alterations ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Electron Microscopes

Phosgene still plays an important role as a toxic substance in the chemical industry. Thiess (1968) recently reported observations on numerous cases of phosgene poisoning. A serious difficulty in the clinical handling of phosgene poisoning cases is a relatively long latent period, up to 12 hours, with no obvious signs of severity. At about 12 hours heavy lung edema appears suddenly, however changes can be seen in routine X-rays taken after only a few hours' exposure (Diller et al., 1969). This study was undertaken to correlate these early changes seen by the roengenologist with morphological alterations in the lungs seen in the'light and electron microscopes.Forty-two adult male and female Beagle dogs were selected for these exposure experiments. Treated animals were exposed to 94.5-107-5 ppm phosgene for 10 min. in a 15 m3 chamber. Roentgenograms were made of the thorax of each animal before and after exposure, up to 24 hrs.

Structural Organization and Distribution of Fiber Types in Extraocular Muscles of Cats

1972 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 34-35
Author(s):  
Asish C. Nag ◽  
Lee D. Peachey
Keyword(s):  
Fiber Type ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Small Diameter ◽  
Extraocular Muscles ◽  
Fiber Types ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Superior Rectus ◽  
Adult Cats ◽  
Different Diameters ◽  
Orbital Region

Cat extraocular muscles consist of two regions: orbital, and global. The orbital region contains predominantly small diameter fibers, while the global region contains a variety of fibers of different diameters. The differences in ultrastructural features among these muscle fibers indicate that the extraocular muscles of cats contain at least five structurally distinguishable types of fibers.Superior rectus muscles were studied by light and electron microscopy, mapping the distribution of each fiber type with its distinctive features. A mixture of 4% paraformaldehyde and 4% glutaraldehyde was perfused through the carotid arteries of anesthetized adult cats and applied locally to exposed superior rectus muscles during the perfusion.

3H-galactose and 3H-glucose incorporation into newly synthesized hepatic glycogen in control-fed rats

1986 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 292-293
Author(s):  
J.E. Michaels ◽  
S.A. Garfield ◽  
J.T. Hung ◽  
S.S. Smith ◽  
R.R. Cardell
Keyword(s):  
Biochemical Analysis ◽  
Glycogen Synthesis ◽  
Hepatic Glycogen ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
Tail Vein ◽  
Tracer Dose ◽  
Glucose Incorporation ◽  
Wet Weight

3H-galactose (gal) and 3H-glucose (glu) were compared to determine which compound was preferable for pulse labeling newly formed hepatic glycogen. Control fed rats were used to achieve substantial and consistent levels of hepatic glycogen and to stimulate glycogen synthesis.Rats fed once daily for 4 hr achieved hepatic glycogen levels > 3% wet weight liver prior to injection by tail vein of a tracer dose of 3H-gal or 3H-glu. The rats were sacrificed 15-120 min later and liver was prepared by routine techniques for light (LM) and electron microscopic (EM) radioautography (RAG) and biochemical analysis.

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