Etude à basse température des largeurs et des déplacements des raies rovibrationnelles de la bande fondamentale de H35Cl comprimé par N2, O2, D2 et H2

1980 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 318-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Houdeau ◽  
M. Larvor ◽  
C. Haeusler
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Number ◽  
Satisfactory Agreement ◽  
Electrostatic Interactions ◽  
Rotational Quantum Number ◽  
The Other ◽  
Realistic Approach ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
And Shifts

Linewidths and shifts in the spectrum (v0→1 band) of H35Cl perturbed by N2, O2, D2, and H2 have been measured for different temperatures (at 298 and 163 K). The Sisam spectrometer resolution was 0.024 cm−1. The Anderson–Tsao–Curnutte theory has been applied to the linewidth calculations. For perturbation by N2 and O2, this approach is justified by the intensity of electrostatic interactions, and it leads to a satisfactory agreement with experiment, at least for lines of low rotational quantum number. On the other hand, the low value of H2 and D2 quadrupole leads to values of the optical diameter close to the kinetic diameter. A discussion shows then that a more realistic approach is needed in that case.[Journal translation]

Selective Area Etching of GaN and AlGaN by Thermally Chemical Reaction in Hydrogen Ambient

1997 ◽  
Vol 482 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Hiramatsu ◽  
H. Matsushima ◽  
H. Hanai ◽  
N. Sawaki
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Reaction ◽  
Annealing Temperature ◽  
Etching Rate ◽  
The Other ◽  
Surface Etching ◽  
Selective Area ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Ambient Gases ◽  
Ambient Gas

AbstractThe selective area etching of wurtzite GaN (0001) and AlGaN (0001) with SiO2 masks is investigated for different temperatures of 800 to 1 100°C and different ambient gases of H2, N2 and Ar including NH3. The etching rate of GaN increases with increasing annealing temperature under H2 ambient. This etching is attributed to the chemical reaction between Ga-N and H2. On the other hand, the etching of GaN does not occur in the N2 or Ar ambient gas. The NH3 gas in H2 ambient suppresses the chemical reaction, while the NH3 gas in N2 enhances it. The surface etching of Al0.1Ga0.9N is not observed even in H2 ambient.

Double Shell Structure of the Periodic System of the Elements

1970 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 210-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Neubert
Keyword(s):  
Schrödinger Equation ◽  
Quantum Number ◽  
Periodic System ◽  
Shell Structure ◽  
Schrodinger Equation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Coulomb Problem ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Partial Filling ◽  
Symmetry Properties

Abstract A new periodic system of the elements (PSE) is proposed which exhibits symmetry properties not apparent in the conventional arrangement of the elements. By discussing the solutions of the non-relativistic Schrödinger equation for the Coulomb problem it is shown that the PSE might be based on the filling of only four Coulomb shells as compared to the partial filling of up to eight shells in the conventional classification. On the other hand, the multiplicity of the states in the PSE appears to be four as compared to two due to spin in the hydrogen spectrum. A transformation of the PSE-spectrum into the hydrogen spectrum is possible by a rotation in quantum number space.

Pb-free solders: Predicting of some physicochemical properties of Ag–Cu–Sn material at different temperatures

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (07) ◽  
pp. 1650062 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachida M’chaar ◽  
Mouloud El Moudane ◽  
Abdelaziz Sabbar ◽  
Ahmed Ghanimi
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Molar Volume ◽  
The Other ◽  
Ternary Alloys ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Experimental Values ◽  
Increasing Temperature ◽  
Good Agreement

In this paper, the surface tension, molar volume and density of liquid Ag–Cu–Sn alloys have been calculated using Kohler, Muggianu, Toop, and Hillert models. In addition, the surface tension and viscosity of the Ag–Cu–Sn ternary alloys at different temperatures have been predicted on the basis of Guggenheim and Seetharaman–Sichen equations, respectively. The results show that density and viscosity decrease with increasing tin and increasing temperature for the all studied models. While the surface tension shows a different tendency, especially for the Kohler and Muggianu symmetric models. On the other hand, the molar volume increases with increase of temperature and tin compositions. The calculated values of surface tension and density of Ag–Cu–Sn alloys are compared with the available experimental values and a good agreement was observed.

scholarly journals Studying the Effect of Paracetamol Drug on the Conductivity of 0.5M Hydrochloric Acid Solution at Different Temperatures

2013 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 2725-2745
Author(s):  
Hadi.Z. Al-Sawaad
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Acid Solution ◽  
Molar Conductance ◽  
Chloride Ions ◽  
The Other ◽  
Constant Concentration ◽  
Enthalpy Of Activation ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Different Temperatures

In this study paracetamol drug is used to reduce the conductivity of 0.5M hydrochloric acid at different concentrations for each one of them at different temperatures ranged (30-60)°C. Generally , increasing of the concentration of  the inhibitor leads to reducing in conductivity of the acid at constant temperature. On the other hand, at constant concentration of  inhibitor, the conductivity is reduced as temperature increased i.e., paracetamol can adsorbed chemically on the metal or alloy. Furthermore the kinetic study of the molar conductance process reveal that in presence of paracetamol the activation energy and enthalpy of activation are negative compared with their values in absence of paracetamol where they are negative because the reducing the conductivity in presence of paracetamol where the non spontaneous property for the conductance of acid is increased as the paracetamol concentration increased in addition to increasing the negative value of entropy in presence of paracetamol that indicate to restrict for the mobility of hydrogen and chloride ions which correspond to 90.47% as efficiency of reducing the conductance of acid by paracetamol. On the other hand thermodynamic study is achieved which explained the adsorption of paracetamol obey to Freundlisch model. 

scholarly journals The chemical constant of hydrogen vapour and the failure of nernst’s heat theorem

1928 ◽  
Vol 118 (779) ◽  
pp. 52-60 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Wave Function ◽  
Quantum Number ◽  
Rotational Quantum Number ◽  
Hydrogen Gas ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Specific Heats ◽  
Rotational Wave ◽  
Chemical Constant

The recent successful explanation of the specific heats of hydrogen gas at low temperatures by Dennison leaves little doubt that at all low and ordinary temperatures hydrogen must be regarded as a mixture of two sets of molecules, effectively distinct. One of these sets may be called the antisymmetrical molecules, because for these the rotational quantum number is odd and the rotational wave function antisymmetrical in the nuclei. The other set may be called the symmetrical molecules because for these the rotational quantum number is even and the wave function symmetrical in the nuclei. When account is taken of the orientations of the nuclei the complete wave function is antisymmetrical in the nuclei in all cases. At the temperatures mentioned the rate of change from one of these forms to the other is very slow though not zero, and any changes that actually occur in any experiment as ordinarily conducted will be so few that they can be neglected altogether. In view of what we have said it is natural to discuss the results of any experi­ment at these temperatures as if the hydrogen gas were a mixture of two absolutely distinct sets of molecules. In this case the laws of classical thermo­dynamics of course apply and control the equilibrium properties of the mixture. From the point of view of the actual hydrogen gas this equilibrium is a false or metastable one. Provided, however, that the false equilibrium is attained rapidly compared with the neglected rate of change the thermodynamic pro­perties of the ideal mixture must be true of the actual gas, and we shall assume this in the following discussion.

A COMPARISON OF SOME SEASONAL AND TEMPERATURE-INDUCED CHANGES IN PEROMYSCUS: COLD RESISTANCE, METABOLISM, AND PELAGE INSULATION

1953 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 528-534 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Hart ◽  
O. Heroux
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Cold Resistance ◽  
The Other ◽  
Deer Mice ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Lower Oxygen ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Induced Changes

The cold resistance of deer mice captured during the winter was greater than that of summer mice and was accompanied by a greater pelage insulation and a lower oxygen consumption at 1–2 °C. On the other hand, the enhanced cold resistance of deer mice previously acclimated to cold was not accompanied by differences in pelage insulation. Moreover, in white-footed mice previously acclimated to different temperatures, oxygen consumption was similar at 1–2 °C. These data indicate that the seasonal changes observed in Peromyscus are not identical to changes produced by acclimation in the laboratory. Environmental factors responsible for these differences are discussed.

scholarly journals New indexes for measuring electoral disproportionality

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-178
Author(s):  
Verónica Arredondo ◽  
Miguel Martínez-Panero ◽  
Antonio Palomares ◽  
Teresa Peña ◽  
Victoriano Ramírez
Keyword(s):  
Political Party ◽  
Electoral System ◽  
The Other ◽  
Electoral Process ◽  
Whole Numbers ◽  
Realistic Approach ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Whole Number ◽  
As If

The number of representatives obtained by each political party in an electoral process must be a whole number. So, the percentage of votes for each party usually differs from the corresponding percentage of seats, forcing a certain unavoidable disproportionality. On the other hand, different elements of the electoral system (constituencies, thresholds, etc.) may produce some avoidable disproportionality. Those indexes traditionally used to analyse disproportionality take into account an unreachable exact proportionality as a reference. Instead, our more realistic approach quantifies distortions from a specific allotment, namely the seat distribution obtained when applying a proportional method to the total votes (that is, as if it were a unique constituency, without electoral thresholds or incentives to the winning party). Hence, we measure the avoidable disproportionality associated with such method. Unlike traditional indexes, we propose indexes associated with proportional allotment methods that can be zero in real situations. They are simple to calculate and allow us to decipher the number of seats assigned beyond the inevitable disproportionality which arises from the constraint of whole numbers. We are particularly interested in the indexes associated with Jefferson and Webster methods, which are compared to Gallagher, Loosemore-Hanby and Sainte-Laguë indexes for the results of 55 elections held in several countries.

Prosodically Defective Morphemes and blocking

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Zimmermann
Keyword(s):  
Surface Effect ◽  
Phonological Representation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Lexical Information ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
And Shifts

The predictions of multiple interacting Prosodically Defective Morphemes are discussed in this chapter. For one, there are instances where several morphemes in a language are lexically marked exceptions to an MLM process. This can follow, it is shown, if those morphemes are prosodically defective themselves. A very interesting instance of such an effect can be found in Aymara where a so-called ’rescuer morpheme’ exists whose only surface effect is to block an expected MLM pattern. On the other hand, there are cases where lexical allomorphy between different MLM processes can be found. It is shown that again the exceptional behaviour of some morphemes in the presence of a triggering Prosodically Defective Morpheme follows if those morphemes themselves are prosodically defective. The chapter hence strengthens the role of phonological representation and shifts the burden of various (apparently morphological) idiosyncratic lexical information to the phonological representation of the morphemes in question.

Spectra of H2–Ne and D2–Ne Van der Waals Complexes in the Collision-Induced Fundamental Bands of Hydrogen and Deuterium

1972 ◽  
Vol 50 (13) ◽  
pp. 1458-1464 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. W. McKellar ◽  
H. L. Welsh
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Number ◽  
Direct Evidence ◽  
Van Der Waals ◽  
Rotational Quantum Number ◽  
Intermolecular Forces ◽  
The Other ◽  
Van Der Waals Complexes ◽  
Intermolecular Potential ◽  
Rare Gas ◽  
Potential Well

Spectra of H2–Ne and D2–Ne Van der Waals complexes accompanying transitions in the collision-induced fundamental bands of hydrogen and deuterium have been obtained with an absorption path of 110 m at temperatures around 27 K in a specially designed multiple-traversal cell. The observed structure is similar to that of H2– and D2–Ar, Kr, and Xe complexes studied earlier, but the number of lines observed for the Ne complexes is fewer because of the shallower intermolecular potential. Well-resolved R and P branches (Δl= ±1, where l is the rotational quantum number of the complex) accompanying the overlap-induced Q1 (0) transitions are analyzed directly to give rotational (B) and centrifugal stretching (D) constants for the complexes. Unlike the other H2– rare gas complexes the spectra accompanying quadrupole-induced transitions show no direct evidence of anisotropy of the intermolecular forces.

scholarly journals Mnemosyne w muzeum i w szkole

2020 ◽  
pp. 225
Author(s):  
Marta Rusek
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Memory ◽  
Social Memory ◽  
The Other ◽  
Educational Strategies ◽  
The Third ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
New Models ◽  
And Shifts ◽  
New Museology

The article is dedicated to the issue of cultural memory in Polish studies. It is discussed in the context of the so-called memory turn, and the transformations occurring in the museum science under the influence of the “new museology”. The text consists of three parts. The first one concerns the changes and shifts in the discourse of cultural and social memory in the days of the increasing musealization process. The second one indicates new educational strategies in narrative, critical, and especially in participatory museums, which contributes to the formation of new models of participation in culture and of receptive habits. The third part, on the other hand, provides diagnoses concerning challenges, as well as the hints which the transformations of the museum activities in the field of education offer to Polish studies.

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