The use of sulphur in roadway frost applications

1979 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. M. Gifford ◽  
J. E. Gillott
Keyword(s):  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Lightweight Aggregate ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Base Materials ◽  
Freezing Period ◽  
Control Section ◽  
Base Course ◽  
Frost Penetration ◽  
Roadway Construction ◽  
Potential Use

Sulphur-bound soils and a lightweight aggregate sulphur concrete have been studied for potential use as structural frost insulating base materials in roadway construction. Sulphur-bound materials show rapid strength gain and sulphur has a low thermal conductivity (0.27 W/(m ∙ K)). Laboratory studies have shown, however, that, unless specially treated, sulphur-bound soil that contains significant swelling clay disintegrates in water. The laboratory studies were more favourable for the lightweight aggregate sulphur concrete and this material was used as a base course in two test sections of roadway. The test sections and a control section instrumented with thermocouples to measure temperatures to depths of 1.52 m were monitored for 6 winter months. A Dynaflect deflection apparatus was used for structural assessment. It was found that both frost penetration and the length of the subgrade freezing period were reduced and that the structural integrity of the pavement system was improved when lightweight aggregate sulphur concrete was introduced into the base course of the roadway.

scholarly journals Sustainability Assessment of Using Recycled Aggregates in Concrete Block Pavements

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 4313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Mizanur Rahman ◽  
Simon Beecham ◽  
Asif Iqbal ◽  
Md Rajibul Karim ◽  
Abu Taher Zillur Rabbi
Keyword(s):  
Sustainability Assessment ◽  
Concrete Block ◽  
Empirical Method ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Traffic Load ◽  
Recycled Aggregates ◽  
Financial Benefit ◽  
Base Materials ◽  
Material Stiffness ◽  
Base Course

The mechanistic design of a concrete block pavement (CBP) can be very complicated and often requires the use of computer programs. This paper presents a new mechanistic-empirical method, which is implemented in a computer program (DesignPave) that calculates base course/sub-base thicknesses for a range of design inputs such as traffic load, interlocking properties, and material stiffness. A range of virgin and recycled unbound granular materials were also experimentally tested to characterize them for possible use as base course or sub-base materials. Combining the new mechanistic-empirical method and the range of base course/sub-base course materials (virgin and recycled aggregates), it was found that while a CBP containing recycled aggregates did not offer a significant direct financial benefit based on the characteristics or material costs, the associated environmental benefits were very high.

Experimental Study in Gangue Base-Course Mixture Materials for Pavement

2013 ◽  
Vol 860-863 ◽  
pp. 1270-1273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fu Jun Wang ◽  
Jing Luo ◽  
Hui Rong Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Waste ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
Drying Shrinkage ◽  
Pozzolanic Reaction ◽  
Water Stability ◽  
Solid Skeleton ◽  
Grass Roots ◽  
Base Materials ◽  
Base Course ◽  
Pavement Base

Coal gangue, acting as the solid skeleton of pavement base materials, can efficiently reduce the drying shrinkage. Additionally, similar to fly ash in mixture material, gangue can react with lime (so called pozzolanic reaction), resulting in the formation of pavement base with a certain strength, good water stability and frost resistance, are good overall at the grass-roots level. Many cities in our country has gradually tried to use different kinds of industrial waste residue instead of sand to prepare the pavement base materials. This way, not only the waste residue is recycled, the lack of sand aggregates in road construction can also be overcome, which facilitate technical and economic growths.

Solid State Welding Process for Aerospace Components

2015 ◽  
Vol 1119 ◽  
pp. 597-600
Author(s):  
Hyun Ho Jung ◽  
Ye Rim Lee ◽  
Jong Hoon Yoon ◽  
Joon Tae Yoo ◽  
Kyung Ju Min ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Friction Stir Welding ◽  
Solid State ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Welding Process ◽  
Diffusion Welding ◽  
Intimate Contact ◽  
Friction Stir ◽  
Base Materials ◽  
Welding Processes ◽  
And Diffusion

Since solid state welded joint is formed from an intimate contact between two metals at temperatures below the melting point of the base materials, the structural integrity of welding depends on time, temperature, and pressure. This paper provides some of examples of friction stir welding and diffusion welding process for aerospace components. Friction stir welding process of AA2195 was developed in order to study possible application for a large fuel tank. Massive diffusion welding of multiple titanium sheets was performed and successful results were obtained. Diffusion welding of dissimilar metals of copper and stainless steel was necessary to manufacture a scaled combustion chamber. Diffusion welding of copper and steel was performed and it is shown that the optimum condition of diffusion welding is 7MPa at 890°C, for one hour. It is shown that solid state welding processes can be successfully applied to fabricate lightweight aerospace parts.

Research on Eccentricity Magnification Factor of Eccentric Compression Lightweight Aggregate Concrete Member

2010 ◽  
Vol 152-153 ◽  
pp. 717-721
Author(s):  
Ying Wei Yun ◽  
Xiao Hong Liu ◽  
Ii Young Jang ◽  
Seong Kyum Kim
Keyword(s):  
Circular Cross Section ◽  
Lightweight Aggregate ◽  
Lightweight Aggregate Concrete ◽  
Order Moment ◽  
Magnification Factor ◽  
Aggregate Concrete ◽  
Whole Process ◽  
Eccentric Compression ◽  
Control Section ◽  
Compression Member

In view of the drawbacks of eccentricity magnification factor formula in current lightweight aggregate concrete code in practice, in this research, according to whole-process theoretical analysis and considering second order moment, sectional curvature, lateral deflection and corresponding eccentricity magnification factor at control section for circular cross-section eccentric compression member under different end moment are derived. By comparing them with experimental results, eccentricity magnification factor calculated in this research are demonstrated to be feasible and reliable, which can provide beneficial reference for structural design in practice.

scholarly journals Supercritical Carbonation of Lightweight Aggregate Containing Mortar: Thermal Behavior

2014 ◽  
Vol 600 ◽  
pp. 345-356
Author(s):  
Marçal Rosas Florentino Lima Filho ◽  
Sandro Marden Torres ◽  
Leon Black ◽  
Andressa de Araújo Porto Vieira ◽  
Rodinei Medeiros Gomes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Supercritical Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Thermal Behavior ◽  
Lightweight Concrete ◽  
Lightweight Aggregate ◽  
Mix Design ◽  
Lightweight Aggregates ◽  
Cylindrical Samples ◽  
Potential Use

Lightweight concrete shows good insulation properties, depending on several parameters such as mix design and aggregate type. Perlite aggregate is one of the most effective aggregates for such a purpose, mainly because of its low thermal conductivity (0.04 W/m.°C), but is not available globally. This paper explores the potential use of another source of thermal efficient aggregate, vermiculite (0.058 W/m.°C) which is available in Brazil and other countries where perlite is absent. Cylindrical samples were cast by using two lightweight aggregates, perlite and vermiculite, and treated with supercritical carbon dioxide. Supercritical carbonation (SCC) of concrete can improve mechanical, thermal and durability features. In this paper, the effect of SCC on the thermal behavior of lightweight mortars was investigated with regards to physical and microstructure features and thermal behavior due to cooling.

scholarly journals Effects of adding old shingles to granular material and hot mix asphalt : laboratory and field investigation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Narayan B Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Granular Material ◽  
Granular Materials ◽  
Hot Mix Asphalt ◽  
Field Investigation ◽  
Freezing And Thawing ◽  
Optimum Amount ◽  
Graded Material ◽  
Control Section ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Potential Use

This thesis evaluates the potential use of processed tear-off shingles in road works. Six types of granular materials were investigated to determine the type of material that benefitted the most from using the shingles. The effects of shingles on the stability, as measured by California Bearing Ratio, were found to depend on properties such as gradation and fines content. In general shingles enhanced the stability of materials of relatively low CBR, but decreased the stability of angular well graded material of CBR larger than 100%. Optimum amount of shingles were found to enhance the resistance of stabilized granular materials to cycles of freezing and thawing; however, amounts higher than optimum decreased the resistance to freezing and thawing. In terms of permeability, the addition of shingles did not have a significant effect on the drainage characteristics of the tested materials. A trial road was constructed and showed that after one week of construction dust generated by the control section was found to be twice the amount of dust generated by the shingle section.

scholarly journals The effect of elevated temperature on the lightweight concrete containing waste PET aggregate

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Semiha Akçaözoğlu
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Elevated Temperature ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Lightweight Concrete ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Lightweight Aggregate ◽  
Unit Weight ◽  
Residual Compressive Strength ◽  
Flexural Tensile Strength

In this study, the effect of waste PET as lightweight aggregate (WPLA) replacement with conventional aggregate on the some physical and mechanical properties and residual compressive strength of concrete was investigated. For this purpose, five different mixtures were prepared (the reference mixture and four WPLA mixtures including 30%, 40%, 50% and 60% waste PET aggregate by volume). The fresh and dry unit weights, compressive strengths, flexural-tensile strengths, water absorption and porosity ratios of the mixtures were measured. In addition the specimens exposed to elevated temperatures at 150, 300 and 450 °C and the residual compressive strengths were measured. Test results indicated that the unit weight, compressive strength and flexural-tensile strength of the specimens decreased as the amount of WPLA increased in concrete. After exposing to elevated temperature, WPLA mixtures retained their structural integrity and compressive strengths at 150 °C and 300 °C. However there was a significant decrease in the residual compressive strength values of WPLA mixtures at 450 °C.

scholarly journals Geosynthetics reinforced flexible pavement: review of laboratory model studies

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ganesh Ingle ◽  
S.S. Bhosale
Keyword(s):  
Field Studies ◽  
Flexible Pavement ◽  
Laboratory Model ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Interface Shear ◽  
Model Studies ◽  
Subgrade Soil ◽  
Good Laboratory ◽  
Stiffness Variation ◽  
Base Course

Number of laboratory studies; have shown that geosynthetics reinforcement improves the performance of flexible pavement either by ex-tending the service life or by savings in base course thickness. In spite of the good laboratory evidence for the geosynthetics reinforced flexible pavement, the mechanism that enables and governs the reinforcement function is still unclear [1]. Cyclic laboratory test has been one of the ways, used for assessing/evaluating the soil-geosynthetic interaction mechanisms. In such a tests contribution of geosynthetics prop-erties, interface shear provided by geotextiles and interlocking provided by geogrids when used under or within the base course of flexible pavement are mainly concentrated. This paper reviews literature of laboratory model studies carried out by various researchers over the globe. This review indicates that, appreciable improvement due to geosynthetics reinforcement depends upon various factors viz. location of geosynthetics, geogrid aperture size, geosynthetics properties, mainly stiffness, variation of base course thickness and strength of subgrade soil. The findings of these laboratory studies are also correlated with the same nature of field studies finding.

Effect of Moisture Content on the Shakedown Limits of Base Course Materials

2020 ◽  
pp. 036119812095731
Author(s):  
Munir D. Nazzal ◽  
Louay N. Mohammad ◽  
Aaron Austin ◽  
Ahmad Al Hosainat
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Triaxial Tests ◽  
Course Materials ◽  
Base Materials ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Base Course ◽  
Granular Base ◽  
Shakedown Limit ◽  
Elastic Shakedown ◽  
Plastic Shakedown

This paper summarizes the results of a laboratory testing program that was conducted to determine the effects of moisture content on the shakedown limits of unbound granular base materials. Two different types of granular base materials were investigated in this study, namely limestone and sandstone. Multi-stage repeated load triaxial tests were performed on these materials. The results of the tests were analyzed within the framework of the shakedown theory. The results indicate that the moisture content had an influence on the slope of the elastic and plastic shakedown limits lines. The effect of the moisture content was more pronounced on the slope of the elastic shakedown limit line, however. The moisture content affected the intercept of the elastic and plastic shakedown limits lines more significantly than the slope of these lines. The limestone material exhibited greater decrease in the intercept of the elastic and plastic shakedown limits with increase in moisture content compared with the sandstone material. This was explained by the limestone’s finer gradation.

scholarly journals Effects of adding old shingles to granular material and hot mix asphalt : laboratory and field investigation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Narayan B Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Granular Material ◽  
Granular Materials ◽  
Hot Mix Asphalt ◽  
Field Investigation ◽  
Freezing And Thawing ◽  
Optimum Amount ◽  
Graded Material ◽  
Control Section ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Potential Use

This thesis evaluates the potential use of processed tear-off shingles in road works. Six types of granular materials were investigated to determine the type of material that benefitted the most from using the shingles. The effects of shingles on the stability, as measured by California Bearing Ratio, were found to depend on properties such as gradation and fines content. In general shingles enhanced the stability of materials of relatively low CBR, but decreased the stability of angular well graded material of CBR larger than 100%. Optimum amount of shingles were found to enhance the resistance of stabilized granular materials to cycles of freezing and thawing; however, amounts higher than optimum decreased the resistance to freezing and thawing. In terms of permeability, the addition of shingles did not have a significant effect on the drainage characteristics of the tested materials. A trial road was constructed and showed that after one week of construction dust generated by the control section was found to be twice the amount of dust generated by the shingle section.

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