SOME NEW FLUORIDE COMPLEXES OF TRIVALENT TITANIUM

1958 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 615-622 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norman F. H. Bright ◽  
Joseph G. Wurm
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Inert Atmosphere ◽  
Face Centered Cubic ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Fluoride Complexes ◽  
Diffraction Patterns ◽  
Face Centered ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Colored Compound ◽  
Trivalent Titanium

Three new complex fluorides of trivalent titanium have been isolated from the products of electrolysis, under an inert atmosphere, of molten baths of KC1, NaCl, or mixtures of KCl and NaCl, containing either K2TiF6 or Na2TiF6. Electrolytic baths containing a mixture of KCl and NaCl with either K2TiF6 or Na2TiF6 yielded a violet-colored, face-centered cubic compound identified as K2NaTiF6, which was virtually insoluble in water and amenable to electrostatic separation from the metallic titanium also produced in the electrolysis. Baths containing molten mixtures of K2TiF6 and KCl gave a pale violet compound K3TiF6, which was slightly soluble in water. Baths containing Na2TiF6 and NaCl gave a deep violet-colored compound Na3TiF6 which was almost insoluble in water. The compounds K3TiF6 and Na3TiF6 have structures which approximate to cubic. The compounds K2NaTiF6 and Na3TiF6 are more stable to atmospheric oxidation than is K3TiF6. X-Ray diffraction patterns have been recorded for these compounds and some of their physical and chemical properties determined.

Synthesis of Cadmium Telluride Nanoparticles Using Thioglycolic Acid, Thioglycerol, and L-Cysteine

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 4073-4076
Author(s):  
Insol Jo ◽  
Jeong Won Kang ◽  
Ki-Sub Kim
Keyword(s):  
Cadmium Telluride ◽  
Thioglycolic Acid ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Face Centered Cubic ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Cdte Nanoparticles ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Face Centered ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Cadmium telluride (CdTe) nanoparticles (NPs) are known for their unique physical and chemical properties. NP synthesis via a size-controlled procedure has become an intriguing research topic because NPs exhibit novel optical and physical properties depending on their size. Their sizes and properties can vary depending on the types and concentrations of stabilizers, which are bound to the surface of the NPs and protect the NPs from aggregation. In this study, we synthesized CdTe NPs stabilized by thioglycolic acid (TGA), 1-thioglycerol (TGC), and L-cysteine (L-C). The ratio of stabilizer to Cd2+ was 1:2.4. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and photoluminescence (PL) were employed for characterization of the NPs. The average sizes of the synthesized NPs were 4.2, 4.1, and 3.7 nm for TGA, TGC, and L-C, respectively. The maximum fluorescent emission peaks of the three NP solutions were at 554.9, 551.6, and 538.3 nm for TGA, TGC, and L-C, respectively. The produced particles were crystalline in structure with a face-centered cubic (fcc) system.

scholarly journals Evolution of Face-Centered Cubic Ti Alloys Transformation by X-ray Diffraction Profile Analysis in Mechanical Alloying

Metals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1841
Author(s):  
Edgar Pio ◽  
Ariosto Medina ◽  
Carola Martínez ◽  
Felipe Manuel Castro Cerda ◽  
Claudio Aguilar
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Alloying ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
Rietveld Method ◽  
Planetary Mill ◽  
Face Centered Cubic ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Diffraction Profile ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Diffraction Patterns ◽  
Face Centered

Four titanium alloys (Ti-Ta, Ti-Ta-Sn, Ti-Ta-Mn, and Ti-Nb-Sn) were synthesized by mechanical alloying (MA) in a planetary mill in different times between 2 h and 100 h. The microstructure characterization was made by X-ray diffraction (XRD), in which the Rietveld method was applied to analyze the diffraction patterns. The study demonstrated that after short milling times between 2 h and 30 h, the fraction of hexagonal close-packed (hcp) phase decreases; at the same time, the formation of body-centered cubic (bcc) and face-centered cubic (fcc) Ti phases are promoted. Additionally, after 30 h of MA, the full transformation of hcp-Ti was observed, and the bcc-Ti to fcc-Ti phase transformation took place until 50 h. The results suggest that the addition of Ta and Sn promotes the fcc-Ti phase formation, obtaining 100% of this phase at 50 h onwards, whereas Nb and Mn show the opposite effect.

scholarly journals Cation Distribution in Natural Chromites from Oman

1996 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
Z. Al-Alawi ◽  
A.M. Gismelseed ◽  
A.A. Yousif ◽  
M.A. Worthing ◽  
H.H. Sutherland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Face Centered Cubic ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Atomic Concentration ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Diffraction Patterns ◽  
Face Centered ◽  
Mössbauer Analysis ◽  
Scanning Electron

Two specimens or natural chromite from the Oman ophiolite were studied using Mossbauer Spectroscopy (MS), X-ray Diffraction (XRD). and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The diffraction patterns obtained at room temperature showed that the two specimens have a face-centered cubic spinal structure. Their Mossbauer spectra at 295 K. 160 K and 78 K have been fitted to three doublets. assigned to two Fe 2+ at the tetrahedral (A1+,A2) sites and one Fe1+ at the octahedral (B) site. The ferrous-ferric ratio obtained from the Mossbauer analysis together with the atomic concentration derived from the microprobe data are used to derive the chemical formulae for the two specimens. The data also supports also supports  a model of ordered caution distribution in the specimens examined.

scholarly journals Growth and Characterization of Electroplated NiO Coatings

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 173-177
Author(s):  
B. Bharathi ◽  
S. Thanikaikarasan ◽  
Pratap Kollu ◽  
P. V. Chandrasekar ◽  
T. Mahalingam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Face Centered Cubic ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Potentiostatic Electrodeposition ◽  
Direct Band ◽  
Diffraction Patterns ◽  
Face Centered ◽  
Deposited Films

Thin films of NiO have been prepared using potentiostatic electrodeposition technique from an aqueous electrolytic bath containing NiSO4. Deposited films have been characterized using x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive analysis by x-rays. X-ray diffraction patterns showed that the prepared films possess polycrystalline nature with face centered cubic structure. Surface morphology and film composition showed that films with better stoichiometry and smooth surface are obtained at optimized growth condition. Optical absorption analysis showed that the prepared films possess direct band gap value around 3.46 eV.

Microstructure of Electro-Eroded Cemented Carbide Surfaces

1968 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 284-285
Author(s):  
V. N. Filimonenko ◽  
M. H. Richman ◽  
J. Gurland
Keyword(s):  
Surface Layer ◽  
Cobalt Content ◽  
Cemented Carbides ◽  
Face Centered Cubic ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Metallographic Examination ◽  
Standard Procedures ◽  
Face Centered ◽  
Diamond Paste ◽  
Plastic Carbon

The high temperatures and pressures that are found in a spark gap during electrical discharging lead to a sharp phase transition and structural transformation in the surface layer of cemented carbides containing WC and cobalt. By means of X-ray diffraction both W2C and a high-temperature monocarbide of tungsten (face-centered cubic) were detected after electro-erosion. The W2C forms as a result of the peritectic reaction, WC → W2C+C. The existence and amount of the phases depend on both the energy of the electro-spark discharge and the cobalt content. In the case of a low-energy discharge (i.e. C=0.01μF, V = 300v), WC(f.c.c.) is generally formed in the surface layer. However, at high energies, (e.g. C=30μF, V = 300v), W2C is formed at the surface in preference to the monocarbide. The phase transformations in the surface layer are retarded by the presence of larger percentages of cobalt.Metallographic examination of the electro-eroded surfaces of cemented carbides was carried out on samples with 5-30% cobalt content. The specimens were first metallographically polished using diamond paste and standard procedures and then subjected to various electrical discharges on a Servomet spark machining device. The samples were then repolished and etched in a 3% NH4OH electrolyte at -0.5 amp/cm2. Two stage plastic-carbon replicas were then made and shadowed with chromium at 27°.

Electron diffraction detection of ordliking in annealed PbTe thin film

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 1018-1019
Author(s):  
Karimat El-Sayed
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Electron Diffraction ◽  
Lead Telluride ◽  
Structural Basis ◽  
Face Centered Cubic ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Polycrystalline Thin Films ◽  
Stage Process ◽  
Diffraction Patterns ◽  
Face Centered

Lead telluride is an important semiconductor of many applications. Many Investigators showed that there are anamolous descripancies in most of the electrophysical properties of PbTe polycrystalline thin films on annealing. X-Ray and electron diffraction studies are being undertaken in the present work in order to explain the cause of this anamolous behaviour.Figures 1-3 show the electron diffraction of the unheated, heated in air at 100°C and heated in air at 250°C respectively of a 300°A polycrystalline PbTe thin film. It can be seen that Fig. 1 is a typical [100] projection of a face centered cubic with unmixed (hkl) indices. Fig. 2 shows the appearance of faint superlattice reflections having mixed (hkl) indices. Fig. 3 shows the disappearance of thf superlattice reflections and the appearance of polycrystalline PbO phase superimposed on the [l00] PbTe diffraction patterns. The mechanism of this three stage process can be explained on structural basis as follows :

scholarly journals The Influence Of NO/O2 On The NOx Storage Properties Over A Pt-Ba-Ce/γ-Al2O3 Catalyst

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 1459-1465
Author(s):  
Xuedong Feng ◽  
Jing Yi ◽  
Peng Luo
Keyword(s):  
Sol Gel ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
No Oxidation ◽  
Test Results ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Storage Performance ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Temperature Programmed ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Al2o3 Catalyst

AbstractWith the purpose of studying the influence of NO/O2 on the NOx storage activity, a Pt-Ba-Ce/γ-Al2O3 catalyst was synthesized by an acid-aided sol-gel method. The physical and chemical properties of the catalyst were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) methods. The results showed that the composition of the catalyst was well-crystallized and the crystalline size of CeO2 (111) was about 5.7 nm. The mechanism of NO and NO2 storage and NOx temperature programmed desorption (NO-TPD) experiments were investigated to evaluate the NOx storage capacity of the catalyst. Pt-Ba-Ce/γ-Al2O3 catalyst presented the supreme NOx storage performance at 350℃, and the maximum value reached to 668.8 μmol / gcat. Compared with O2-free condition, NO oxidation to NO2 by O2 had a beneficial effect on the storage performance of NOx. NO-TPD test results showed that the NOx species stored on the catalyst surface still kept relatively stable even below 350℃.

scholarly journals Born out of Fire and Ice: Polymorph Studies of the Antiviral Famciclovir

Crystals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 129
Author(s):  
Liana Vella-Zarb ◽  
Ulrich Baisch
Keyword(s):  
Variable Temperature ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Crystal Form ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Crystal Forms ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Diffraction Patterns ◽  
Crystalline Forms

There is much interest and focus on solid forms of famciclovir. However, in spite of the abundance of reported differences in oral bioavailability, compressibility, and other physical–chemical properties of the various crystal forms of this drug, very little precise structural analysis is available in the literature to date. The form used in the commercial formulation is the anhydrous form I. Patents and patent applications report three different anhydrous crystalline forms on the basis of unindexed powder diffraction patterns. Single-crystal and variable-temperature X-ray diffraction experiments using the commercially available anhydrous form of famciclovir were carried out and led not only to the crystal structure determination of the anhydrous form I, but also to discovery of a new crystal form of anhydrous famciclovir from powder data.

Monitoring of Fluctuations in the Physical and Chemical Properties of a High-Calcium Fly Ash

1987 ◽  
Vol 113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott Schlorholtz ◽  
Ken Bergeson ◽  
Turgut Demirel
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
High Calcium ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

ABSTRACTThe physical and chemical properties of fly ash produced at Ottumwa Generating Station have been monitored since April, 1985. The fly ash is produced from burning a low sulfur, sub-bituminous coal obtained from the Powder River Basin near Gillette, Wyoming. One-hundred and sixty samples of fly ash were obtained during the two year period. All of the samples were subjected to physical testing as specified by ASTM C 311. About one-hundred of the samples were also subjected to a series of tests designed to monitor the self-cementing properties of the fly ash. Many of the fly ash samples were subjected to x-ray diffraction and fluorescence analysis to define the mineralogical and chemical composition of the bulk fly ash as a function of sampling date. Hydration products in selected hardened fly ash pastes, were studied by x-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The studies indicated that power plant operating conditions influenced the compressive strength of the fly ash paste specimens. Mineralogical and morphological studies of the fly ash pastes indicated that stratlingite formation occurred in the highstrength specimens, while ettringite was the major hydration product evident in the low-strength specimens.

Stacking Faults in a High Nitrogen Face-Centered-Cubic Phase Formed on Nitrogen-Modified Austenitic Stainless Steel

2008 ◽  
Vol 373-374 ◽  
pp. 318-321
Author(s):  
J. Liang ◽  
M.K. Lei
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Plasma Source ◽  
Peak Shift ◽  
Cubic Phase ◽  
Face Centered Cubic ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
High Nitrogen ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Peak Asymmetry ◽  
Face Centered

Effects of stacking faults in a high nitrogen face-centered-cubic phase (γΝ) formed on plasma source ion nitrided 1Cr18Ni9Ti (18-8 type) austenitic stainless steel on peak shift and peak asymmetry of x-ray diffraction were investigated based on Warren’s theory and Wagner’s method, respectively. The peak shift from peak position of the γΝ phase is ascribed to the deformation faults density α, while the peak asymmetry of the γΝ phase is characterized by deviation of the center of gravity of a peak from the peak maximum (Δ C.G.) due to the twin faults density β. The calculated peak positions of x-ray diffraction patterns are consistent with that measured for plasma source ion nitrided 1Cr18Ni9Ti stainless steel.

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