A study of the electrochemical synthesis of ZnO thin films

1997 ◽  
Vol 75 (11) ◽  
pp. 1439-1444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z.H. Gu ◽  
T.Z. Fahidy ◽  
R. Hornsey ◽  
A. Nathan
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Nitrate Solution ◽  
Zinc Nitrate ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Zinc Nitrate Solution ◽  
Principal Characteristics ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Oxide Cathode ◽  
Diffraction Patterns ◽  
Xrd Patterns

The principal characteristics of the cathode deposition of zinc oxide from slightly acidified aqueous zinc nitrate solution at 65 °C were studied via potentiodynamic electrolysis, potentiostatic electrolysis, and X-ray diffraction patterns. The results indicate the reliability of a low-temperature electrolytic path of synthesis, and avenues of further exploration. Keywords: zinc oxide, cathode deposition, XRD patterns, FBM theory.

Analysis of Selected Area Diffraction Patterns With Winjade

1998 ◽  
Vol 4 (S2) ◽  
pp. 342-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. D. Walck ◽  
P. Ruzakowski-Athey
Keyword(s):  
Single Phase ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Analysis Program ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Program Module ◽  
Vast Number ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Diffraction Patterns ◽  
Xrd Patterns

The analysis of Selected Area Diffraction (SAD) patterns that are collected from a single phase material having sufficient crystallites to provide continuous rings is relatively straightforward. However, when this condition is not met and there may be several phases present having rings of a spotty nature, the pattern is complex and can be quite difficult to analyze manually because of the vast number of discrete spots. WinJade from MDI is an X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis program with an Electron Diffraction Program Module (EDPM) that can be used to aid in the analysis of SAD patterns. The EDPM produces Integrated Circular Density Plots (ICDP), which are one-dimensional intensity profiles plotted as a function of equivalent XRD 20 values or crystal d-spacings. These ICDP's can be overlayed with XRD patterns or with reference lines from the NIST and JCPDS crystalline databases for direct comparisons.

Hydrothermal Synthesis and Characterization of ZnO:F Nanorod Structure

2016 ◽  
Vol 675-676 ◽  
pp. 49-52
Author(s):  
Wuttichai Sinornate ◽  
Krisana Chongsri ◽  
Wisanu Pecharapa
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Nitrate Solution ◽  
Hydrothermal Process ◽  
Nanorod Array ◽  
Zinc Nitrate ◽  
Oxide Thin Film ◽  
Doping Content ◽  
Seeding Layer ◽  
X Ray

F-doped ZnO nanorod structures were synthesized via hydrothermal process with variation of doping content starting from zinc nitrate solution and zinc oxide thin film used as seeding layer. The zinc oxide seeding film was fabricated by spin coating on glass substrate using zinc acetate precursor and annealed at 500 °C for 2 h. Relevant properties of ZnO:F nanorod structures were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and UV-VIS spectrophotometer. Corresponding results indicated that ZnO:F nanorod array, grown in (002) plane, has the characteristics of good crystallinity. In addition, this study showed that ZnO:F nanorod with exceptional structure can be obtained by hydrothermal process, operated at proper treatment time, temperature and F-doping content.

An X-ray diffraction system with controlled relative humidity and temperature

1996 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 288-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Hashizume ◽  
S. Shimomura ◽  
H. Yamada ◽  
T. Fujita ◽  
H. Nakazawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Control Unit ◽  
Saturated Water Vapor ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Saturated Water ◽  
Sample Chamber ◽  
Diffraction Patterns ◽  
Xrd Patterns

A system enabling X-ray diffraction patterns under controlled conditions of relative humidity and temperature has been devised and combined with an X-ray powder diffractometer. Relative humidity in the sample space is controlled by mixing dry N2 gas with saturated water vapor. Temperatures of the sample and inner wall of the sample chamber are monitored by two attached thermocouples and the information was fed back to the control unit. Relative humidity between 0% and the 95%, and temperature between room temperature and 60 °C can be controlled. All parameters including those for XRD are programmable and the system runs automatically. The function of the system was checked by recording the XRD patterns of montmorillonite (a clay mineral) and NaCl under increasing and decreasing relative humidity.

Microwave-Assisted Synthesis and Characterization of Zinc Oxide Micropowder

2010 ◽  
Vol 93-94 ◽  
pp. 643-646
Author(s):  
Pusit Pookmanee ◽  
Supasima Makarunkamol ◽  
Sakchai Satienperakul ◽  
Jiraporn Kittikul ◽  
Sukon Phanichphant
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Radiation Power ◽  
Ammonium Hydroxide ◽  
Zinc Nitrate ◽  
Hexagonal Structure ◽  
Microwave Assisted Synthesis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Microwave Assisted

Zinc oxide micropowder was synthesized by a microwave-assisted method. Zinc nitrate and ammonium hydroxide were used as the starting precursors with the mole ratio of 1:1. The white precipitated powder was formed after adding ammonium hydroxide until the pH of final solution was 9 and treated with the microwave radiation power at 1000 Watt for 2-6 min. The phase of zinc oxide micropowder was examined by X-ray diffraction (XRD). A single phase of hexagonal structure was obtained. The morphology and chemical composition of zinc oxide micropowder were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The particle was plate-like in shape with the range of particle size of 0.1-0.5 µm. The elemental composition of zinc oxide showed the characteristic X-ray energy value as follows: zinc of Lα = 1.012 keV, Kα = 8.630 keV and Kβ = 9.570 keV and oxygen of Kα = 0.525 keV, respectively.

New complete assignment of X-ray powder diffraction patterns in graphitic carbon nitride using discrete Fourier transform and direct experimental evidence

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (38) ◽  
pp. 26072-26084 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo-wen Sun ◽  
Hong-yu Yu ◽  
Yong-jing Yang ◽  
Hui-jun Li ◽  
Cheng-yu Zhai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Powder Diffraction ◽  
Carbon Nitride ◽  
Graphitic Carbon ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Complete Assignment ◽  
Diffraction Patterns ◽  
Xrd Patterns

To date, there have been only a few studies focusing on the assignment of X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns in graphitic carbon nitrides (g-C3N4) and contradictory determination for a broad peak around 12°–14° has been perplexing.

An expert system for the structural characterization of kaolinites

Clay Minerals ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 249-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Plançon ◽  
C. Zacharie
Keyword(s):  
Expert System ◽  
Defect Structure ◽  
Defect Structures ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Diffraction Profile ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Diffraction Patterns ◽  
Xrd Patterns

AbstractUntil recently, the determination of the defect structures (previously referred to incorrectly as “crystallinity”) of kaolinites has been obtained in one of two ways: (1) measurement of the Hinckley index, or (2) by comparing calculated X-ray diffraction patterns based on a model of the defect structure (including types of defects and abundances) with experimental diffraction profiles. The Hinckley method is simple and easy to perform but contains no real information about the defect structure. Calculated XRD patterns are based on real defects but these calculations are time consuming and require some skill in application. Another approach is proposed: an expert system which will accurately describe the defect structure of kaolinites based on a few measurements taken from a normal powder diffraction profile. This system has been verified for nine kaolinite samples for which the defect structure was previously determined by comparison of calculated and observed diffraction profiles. The expert system reproduced the correct defect structure for each of the samples.

Enhancing the photocatalytic degradation of selected chlorophenols using Ag/zno nanocomposites

MRS Advances ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (36) ◽  
pp. 2129-2136
Author(s):  
Kate Kotlhao ◽  
Fanyana M. Mtunzi ◽  
Vusumzi Pakade ◽  
Neelan Laloo ◽  
Ikechukwu P. Ejidike ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Silver Content ◽  
Zinc Nitrate ◽  
Nitrate Hexahydrate ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Water Contaminants ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Scanning Transmission ◽  
Xrd Patterns

Chlorophenols are among the priority listed water contaminants due to their estrogenic, mutagenic or carcinogenic health effects. The Ag/ZnO nanocomposites (NCs) were synthesized, characterized and tested for photacatalytic degradation of chlorophenols in water. The synthesis was done using zinc nitrate hexahydrate (ZnNO3. 6H2O) precursor and sodium hydroxide (NaOH). Silver nitrate (AgNO3) was added to ZnO and reduced with sodium brohydride to produce the silver nanoparticles (NPs) within the ZnO structure. The silver content was varied from 1, 3 and 5wt% for optimisation. The nanocomposites were characterised using ultraviolet - visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), photolumniscence (PL), x-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM). The nanocomposites were tested for their photocatalytic properties on 2- chlorophenol (CP), 2- chlorophenol (CP) and 2,4- dichlorophenol (DCP) in water. The UV-Vis results showed that, as the amount of silver was increased a gradual slight red shift was observed. The XRD patterns for Ag/ZnO exhibited peaks that were characteristic of the hexagonal wurzite structure and peaks characteristic for Ag appeared at 38.24o, 44.37o, 64.67oand 77.58ocorresponding to (111), (200), (220) and (311) reflection planes. STEM results showed the presence of Ag in ZnO with ZnO appearing as rods shapes. The EDX elemental analysis confirmed the presence of Ag in the Ag/ZnO nanocomposites with no contaminants peaks. On testing the nanocomposites for phohotocatalytic degradation of chlorophenols, addition of Ag to ZnO improved degradation of the chlorophenols compared to the pristine ZnO.

Hybrid thin films of ZnO with porphyrins and phthalocyanines prepared by one-step electrodeposition

2004 ◽  
Vol 08 (12) ◽  
pp. 1366-1375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esther Michaelis ◽  
Kazuteru Nonomura ◽  
Derck Schlettwein ◽  
Tsukasa Yoshida ◽  
Hideki Minoura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Chloride Solution ◽  
Zinc Complex ◽  
Nitrate Solution ◽  
Zinc Nitrate ◽  
Hybrid Films ◽  
Zinc Nitrate Solution ◽  
Zinc Chloride Solution ◽  
Hybrid Thin Films

Hybrid thin films of crystalline zinc oxide and the zinc complex of 5,10,15,20-tetrakis-(4-sulfonatophenyl)porphyrin (ZnTPPS) have been prepared by cathodic electrodeposition from different aqueous zinc salt solutions. Films from a solution containing zinc nitrate and the porphyrin derivate show a rough surface and porosity, whereas films prepared from an oxygen-saturated zinc chloride solution were very smooth. The presence of the porphyrin derivative in the deposition solution has a clear influence on the morphology of the hybrid films compared with pure zinc oxide films. In aqueous zinc nitrate solution the addition of the porphyrin derivative hinders the growth of zinc oxide. In contrast, the addition of the dye to the oxygen-saturated zinc chloride solution leads to an increase of the growth rate of ZnO /porphyrin hybrid films. An increased spectral absorbance was reached when two dyes (zinc complex of tetrasulfonated phthalocyanine and porphyrin) were added to the zinc nitrate solution since the electrodeposited hybrid thin films contained both dyes. UV-vis spectra revealed the presence of both macrocyclic metal complexes in the ZnO films.

scholarly journals Symmetry prediction and knowledge discovery from X-ray diffraction patterns using an interpretable machine learning approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuta Suzuki ◽  
Hideitsu Hino ◽  
Takafumi Hawai ◽  
Kotaro Saito ◽  
Masato Kotsugi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Crystal Structure Analysis ◽  
Group Classification ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Space Group ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Crystal System ◽  
Machine Learning Approach ◽  
Diffraction Patterns ◽  
Xrd Patterns

AbstractDetermination of crystal system and space group in the initial stages of crystal structure analysis forms a bottleneck in material science workflow that often requires manual tuning. Herein we propose a machine-learning (ML)-based approach for crystal system and space group classification based on powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns as a proof of concept using simulated patterns. Our tree-ensemble-based ML model works with nearly or over 90% accuracy for crystal system classification, except for triclinic cases, and with 88% accuracy for space group classification with five candidates. We also succeeded in quantifying empirical knowledge vaguely shared among experts, showing the possibility for data-driven discovery of unrecognised characteristics embedded in experimental data by using an interpretable ML approach.

Improved powder diffraction patterns for synthetic paranatisite and natisite

2002 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 234-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Ferdov ◽  
V. Kostov-Kytin ◽  
O. Petrov
Keyword(s):  
Data Interpretation ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Orthorhombic Space Group ◽  
Space Group ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Cell Parameters ◽  
Diffraction Patterns ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
Xrd Patterns ◽  
First Time

Synthetic analogues of the minerals natisite and for the first time of paranatisite were prepared hydrothermally at 200 °C in the system Na2O–TiO2–SiO2–H2O. The obtained powder x-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns were interpreted by the Powder Data Interpretation (PDI) software package. As a result improved indexing and unit cell parameters refinements of these two phases were achieved. Synthetic natisite is tetragonal, space group—P4/nmm, a=0.649 67(8) nm, c=0.508 45(11) nm, V=0.214 50(10) nm3, Z=2, Dcal=3.13 g.cm−1, F30=37.48, M20=52.79. Synthetic paranatisite is orthorhombic, space group—Pmma, a=0.983 86(29) nm, b=0.919 23(19) nm, c=0.481 84(12) nm, V=0.435 78(19) nm3, Z=1, Dcal=3.01 g.cm−1, F30=16.42, M20=29.21.

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