Novel antibacterial proteins from entomocidal crystals of Bacillus thuringiensis ssp. israelensis

2005 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lyudmila P Revina ◽  
Lyubov I Kostina ◽  
Maria A Dronina ◽  
Igor A Zalunin ◽  
Galina G Chestukhina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Cell Surface ◽  
Molecular Mass ◽  
Micrococcus Luteus ◽  
Molecular Masses

Proteins with molecular masses of 36 and 34 kDa (Bti36 and Bti34) were isolated from entomocidal crystals formed by Bacillus thuringiensis ssp. israelensis cells. The samples of Bti36 contained the admixture of a protein with a molecular mass of 33 kDa (Bti33), apparently a product of proteolysis of Bti36. These 3 proteins are significantly different in N-terminal sequences from known δ-endotoxins of B. thuringiensis and show antibacterial activity toward Micrococcus luteus. The combination of Bti36 and Bti33 also suppresses the growth of some other microorganisms including Streptomyces chrysomallus. The effects of the mixture of Bti36 and Bti33 on the M. luteus cell surface and on the surface of S. chrysomallus cells and exospores are similar, but they are different from the effect of endotoxin Cry11A on micrococcal cells.Key words: Bacillus thuringiensis, δ-endotoxins, antibacterial activity, Micrococcus luteus, Streptomyces chrysomallus.

Antibacterial activity of Cry- and Cyt-proteins fromBacillus thuringiensisssp.israelensis

2003 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatyana G Yudina ◽  
Anna V Konukhova ◽  
Lyudmila P Revina ◽  
Lyubov I Kostina ◽  
Igor A Zalunin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Antibacterial Effect ◽  
Micrococcus Luteus ◽  
Limited Proteolysis ◽  
Sodium Ions

Mosquitocidal endotoxins Cry4B, Cry11A, and CytA from Bacillus thuringiensis ssp.israelensis as well as the products of their limited proteolysis display antibacterial activity relative to Micrococcus luteus. The endotoxin Cry11A also induces the lysis of the micrococcus protoplasts. Potassium and sodium ions and N-acetylgalactosamine increased the antibacterial effect of Cry11A, whereas glucose and N-acetylglucosamine inhibited it. The endotoxin Cry11A displays the antibacterial effect on some other microorganisms.Key words: Bacillus thuringiensis, Micrococcus luteus, δ-endotoxins, antibacterial activity.

Characterization of dissolved material during the initial phase of softwood kraft pulping

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
HANNU PAKKANEN ◽  
TEEMU PALOHEIMO ◽  
RAIMO ALÉN
Keyword(s):  
Mass Transfer ◽  
Molecular Mass ◽  
Initial Phase ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Kraft Pulping ◽  
Reaction Products ◽  
Cooking Temperature ◽  
Molecular Masses ◽  
Aliphatic Carboxylic Acids

The influence of various cooking parameters, such as effective alkali, cooking temperature, and cooking time on the formation of high molecular mass lignin-derived and low molecular mass carbohydrates-derived (aliphatic carboxylic acids) degradation products, mainly during the initial phase of softwood kraft pulping was studied. In addition, the mass transfer of all of these degradation products was clarified based on their concentrations in the cooking liquor inside and outside of the chips. The results indicated that the degradation of the major hemicellulose component, galactoglucomannan, typically was dependent on temperature, and the maximum degradation amount was about 60%. In addition, about 60 min at 284°F (140°C) was needed for leveling off the concentrations of the characteristic reaction products (3,4-dideoxy-pentonic and glucoisosaccharinic acids) between these cooking liquors. Compared with low molecular mass aliphatic acids, the mass transfer of soluble lignin fragments with much higher molecular masses was clearly slower.

Iso-octenidine: Promising Octenidine Analogue with Improved Solubility

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Igor K. Yakuschenko ◽  
Nataliya N. Pozdeeva ◽  
Viktoriya A. Mumyatova ◽  
Alexey A. Terentiev ◽  
Svyatoslav Ya. Gadomsky
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Micrococcus Luteus ◽  
Octenidine Dihydrochloride ◽  
First Time

: Iso-octenidine, an isomer of octenidine dihydrochloride, was synthesized and studied for the first time. Isooctenidine was demonstrated to be 3-fold more soluble in water in comparison to original octenidine, and both substances had remarkably similar antibacterial activity (tested on Escherichia Coli and Micrococcus luteus).

scholarly journals Utilization of induction furnace steel slag based iron oxide nanocomposites for antibacterial studies

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Baalamurugan ◽  
V. Ganesh Kumar ◽  
T. Stalin Dhas ◽  
S. Taran ◽  
S. Nalini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Iron Oxide ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Induction Furnace ◽  
Micrococcus Luteus ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Steel Slag ◽  
If Steel ◽  
Growth Inhibitory ◽  
Microplate Reader

AbstractMetals and metal oxide-based nanocomposites play a significant role over the control of microbes. In this study, antibacterial activity of iron oxide (Fe2O3) nanocomposites based on induction furnace (IF) steel slag has been carried out. IF steel slag is an industrial by-product generated from secondary steel manufacturing process and has various metal oxides which includes Al2O3 (7.89%), MnO (5.06), CaO (1.49%) and specifically Fe2O3 (14.30%) in higher content along with metalloid SiO2 (66.42). Antibacterial activity of iron oxide nanocomposites has been revealed on bacterial species such as Micrococcus luteus, Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus. Micrococcus luteus has undergone maximum zone of inhibition (ZOI) of 12 mm for 10 mg/mL concentration of steel slag iron oxide nanocomposite. Growth inhibitory kinetics of bacterial species has been studied using ELISA microplate reader at 660 nm by varying the concentration of steel slag iron oxide nanocomposites. The results illustrate that IF steel slag is a potential material and can be utilized in building materials to increase the resistance against biodeterioration. Graphic abstract

scholarly journals Nanomechanical Molecular Mass Sensing Using Suspended Microchannel Resonators

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (10) ◽  
pp. 3337
Author(s):  
Alberto Martín-Pérez ◽  
Daniel Ramos ◽  
Javier Tamayo ◽  
Montserrat Calleja
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mass ◽  
Mass Density ◽  
Applied Pressure ◽  
Atomic Mass ◽  
Liquid Sample ◽  
Mass Sensing ◽  
Average Molecular Mass ◽  
Fluid Properties ◽  
Molecular Masses ◽  
Microchannel Resonators

In this work we study the different phenomena taking place when a hydrostatic pressure is applied in the inner fluid of a suspended microchannel resonator. Additionally to pressure-induced stiffness terms, we have theoretically predicted and experimentally demonstrated that the pressure also induces mass effects which depend on both the applied pressure and the fluid properties. We have used these phenomena to characterize the frequency response of the device as a function of the fluid compressibility and molecular masses of different fluids ranging from liquids to gases. The proposed device in this work can measure the mass density of an unknown liquid sample with a resolution of 0.7 µg/mL and perform gas mixtures characterization by measuring its average molecular mass with a resolution of 0.01 atomic mass units.

scholarly journals Identification of two highly sialylated human tear-fluid DMBT1 isoforms: the major high-molecular-mass glycoproteins in human tears

2002 ◽  
Vol 366 (2) ◽  
pp. 511-520 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin L. SCHULZ ◽  
David OXLEY ◽  
Nicolle H. PACKER ◽  
Niclas G. KARLSSON
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mass ◽  
Peptide Mass Fingerprinting ◽  
High Molecular Mass ◽  
Tear Fluid ◽  
Protein Variant ◽  
Peptide Mass ◽  
Composite Gel ◽  
Molecular Masses ◽  
Protein Components ◽  
Sialyl Lea

Human open eye tear fluid was separated by low-percentage SDS/PAGE to detect high-molecular-mass protein components. Two bands were found with apparent molecular masses of 330 and 270kDa respectively. By peptide-mass fingerprinting after tryptic digestion, the proteins were found to be isoforms of the DMBT1 gene product, with over 30% of the predicted protein covered by the tryptic peptides. By using gradient SDS/agarose/polyacrylamide composite gel electrophoresis and staining for glycosylation, it was shown that the two isoforms were the major high-molecular-mass glycoproteins of >200kDa in human tear fluid. Western blotting showed that the proteins expressed sialyl-Lea. After the release of oligosaccharides by reductive β-elimination from protein blotted on to PVDF membrane, it was revealed by liquid chromatography-MS that the O-linked oligosaccharides were comprised mainly of highly sialylated oligosaccharides with up to 16 monosaccharide units. A majority of the oligosaccharides could be described by the formula dHex0→2NeuAc1→xHexxHexNAcx(-ol), x = 1–6, where Hex stands for hexose, dHex for deoxyhexose, HexNAc for N-acetylhexosamine and NeuAc for N-acetylneuraminate. The number of sialic acids in the formula is less than 5. Interpretation of collision-induced fragmentation tandem MS confirmed the presence of sialic acid and suggested the presence of previously undescribed structures carrying the sialyl-Lea epitopes. Small amounts of neutral and sulphated species were also present. This is the first time that O-linked oligosaccharides have been detected and described from protein variant of the DMBT1 gene.

Dynamic computed tomography with low- and high-molecular-mass contrast agents to assess microvascular permeability modifications in a model of liver fibrosis

2002 ◽  
Vol 103 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roland MATERNE ◽  
Laurence ANNET ◽  
Stéphane DECHAMBRE ◽  
Christine SEMPOUX ◽  
Anne M. SMITH ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Fibrosis ◽  
Contrast Agents ◽  
Molecular Mass ◽  
Hepatic Fibrosis ◽  
Mean Transit Time ◽  
Distribution Volume ◽  
High Molecular Mass ◽  
Permeability Changes ◽  
Molecular Masses ◽  
The Mean

Interstitial collagen formation and transformation of the fenestrated hepatic sinusoids into continuous capillaries are major ultrastructural changes that occur in liver cirrhosis and fibrosis. These modifications lead to progressive restriction of blood–liver exchanges. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the permeability changes in a model of hepatic fibrosis by using dynamic computed tomography (CT) enhanced with contrast agents of different molecular masses. Dynamic single-section CT of the liver was performed after intravenous bolus administration of a low-molecular-mass contrast agent (iobitridol) and an experimental high-molecular-mass agent (P840) in normal control rabbits and in rabbits with hepatic fibrosis. Hepatic, aortic and portal venous time–density curves were fitted with a dual-input one-compartmental model to calculate the hepatic mean transit time and distribution volume of the contrast agents. In the rabbits with liver fibrosis, the mean transit time of the high-molecular-mass agent was shorter than that of the low-molecular-mass agent (10.0±1.8s and 12.0±1.2s respectively; P<0.05). The distribution volume accessible to the high-molecular-mass agent was also smaller (22.2±4.8% compared with 32.0±6.7%; P<0.01). In the normal rabbits, the mean transit times of the high- and low-molecular-mass agents did not differ significantly, and nor did their distribution volumes. Our results demonstrate decreased sinusoidal permeability for the high-molecular-mass agent P840 in a model of hepatic fibrosis. Non-invasive assessment of permeability changes in liver fibrosis can be performed with dynamic CT and contrast agents of different molecular masses.

scholarly journals Mass spectrometric analysis of rat liver cytosolic glutathione S-transferases: modifications are limited to N-terminal processing

1995 ◽  
Vol 308 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
H I Yeh ◽  
C H Hsieh ◽  
L Y Wang ◽  
S P Tsai ◽  
H Y Hsu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mass ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Spectrometric Analysis ◽  
Affinity Column ◽  
Female Rat ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cytosolic Glutathione ◽  
Glutathione S Transferases ◽  
Molecular Masses ◽  
Rat Livers

Cytosolic glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) from rat livers were purified using an S-hexylglutathione affinity column. The GST subunits were resolved by reverse-phase HPLC and their molecular masses were determined by electrospray mass spectrometry. The major hepatic GSTs detected were subunits 1, 1′, 2, 3 and 4, with molecular mass of 25,520, 25,473, 25,188, 25,782 and 25,571 Da respectively. Subunits 6, 7 and 10 are minor components, with molecular mass of 25,551, 23,308 and 25,211 Da respectively. Alternatively, the hepatic GSTs were purified using a glutathione affinity column. Subunits 1, 1′, 2, 8 and 10 were eluted from this column with GSSG, the oxidized form of glutathione. Subunit 8 has a molecular mass of 25,553 Da. The remaining proteins on the glutathione affinity column were removed with glutathione and S-hexylglutathione. Subunits 2, 3, 4 and 6 could be detected in the eluate. We could not detect any significant difference in molecular mass between GSTs isolated from male and female rat livers. Cytosolic GSTs were isolated from livers of buthionine sulphoximine-treated female rats for MS analysis. The molecular masses obtained were identical to those determined for the controls.

The static electrifications of linear flexible-chain polymers extruded through ducts above the glass transition temperature

1987 ◽  
Vol 409 (1837) ◽  
pp. 249-270 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mass ◽  
Anionic Polymerization ◽  
Chemical Nature ◽  
Molecular Mass Distribution ◽  
Relaxation Transition ◽  
Sliding Velocity ◽  
Flexible Chain ◽  
Mass Distributions ◽  
Static Electrification ◽  
Molecular Masses

A study has been made into electrification of linear flexible-chain polymers extruded through metal and dielectric ducts. Most of the work concerns 1,4-polybutadienes prepared by anionic polymerization, with different molecular masses and molecular mass distributions. A pre-requisite for intense static electrification is the relaxation transition of the polymer from fluid into forced high-elastic state in which the polymer slides over the duct wall surface. The relation between electrification of polymers and their molecular mass, molecular-mass distribution, temperature, sliding velocity, and the duct length has been established. Electrification of polybutadiene in dielectric ducts and the effect of the chemical nature of polymers on their static electrification were also examined.

scholarly journals Effect of the Structural and Morphological Properties of Surfactant-Assisted Hydroxyapatite on Dermal Irritation and Antibacterial Activity

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (21) ◽  
pp. 6522
Author(s):  
Giovanni García Domínguez ◽  
Sebastián Diaz De La Torre ◽  
Lorena Chávez Güitrón ◽  
Erasto Vergara Hernández ◽  
Joan Reyes Miranda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Micrococcus Luteus ◽  
Hexagonal Phase ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Streptococcus Anginosus ◽  
Dermal Irritation ◽  
Cationic And Anionic Surfactants

Hydroxyapatite (HAp) nanoparticles with a homogeneous rod morphology were successfully synthesized using the hydrothermal method. The powders were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy. The antibacterial and dermal irritation analyses of the samples were performed and discussed. The use of cationic and anionic surfactants, namely, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), respectively, at a low concentration (2.5 mol%) modified the length/diameter (L/D) ratio of the HAp rods. Structural characterizations of hydroxyapatite synthesized without surfactant (HA), with 2.5 and 5 mol% of SDS (SDS− and SDS+, respectively), and with 2.5 and 5 mol% of CTAB (CTAB− and CTAB+, respectively) revealed well-crystallized samples in the hexagonal phase. The CTAB− sample presented antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Streptococcus anginosus, Staphylococcus aureus, Micrococcus luteus, and Klebsiella pneumoniae, suggesting that antimicrobial susceptibility was promoted by the bacterial nature and the use of the surfactant. Dermal irritation showed no clinical signs of disease in rabbits during the study, where there was neither erythema nor necrosis at the inoculation sites.

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