Relationship between first-season free growth components and later field height growth in maritime pine (Pinuspinaster)

1989 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 690-699 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antoine Kremer ◽  
Li-An Xu
Keyword(s):  
Principal Components ◽  
Unit Length ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Growth Function ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Total Height ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Apical Buds ◽  
Accelerate Growth

Pinuspinaster Ait. seedlings from 15 families were grown under conditions designed to accelerate growth for 21 weeks in their first season. Fifteen height growth components were assessed and compared with total height, height growth pattern, and height growth components of trees of the same families grown for 6 years on a sandy moorland site. Growth-accelerating conditions induced the formation of typical adult-like apical buds. Principal components analysis on the weekly height increments during the first growing season showed that 76% of the overall between-family variation could be attributed to the first two components. Families that were extremely poly cyclic and monocyclic in the field were separated on the graph of the two principal components. Among the 15 growth components assessed during the first growing season, 3 showed a significant correlation with total height at 6 years of age: mean stem unit length, asymptotic total height value of the Richards growth function, and the first principal component, i.e., height growth rates during the early stages of development. Mean stem unit length was the component that showed the highest stability between the first and the fifth growing seasons. Between 30 and 72% of the variation of total height (38–64% of the variation of secondary shoot length) at age 6 could be predicted by multiple regression, with a combination of two or three components assessed in the first season.

Above- and be Bow-ground biomass of precompetitive red pine in northern Michigan

1995 ◽  
Vol 25 (7) ◽  
pp. 1064-1069 ◽  
Author(s):  
David D. Reed ◽  
Glenn D. Mroz ◽  
Hal O. Liechty ◽  
Elizabeth A. Jones ◽  
Peter J. Cattelino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aboveground Biomass ◽  
Growth Index ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Basal Diameter ◽  
Total Height ◽  
Ground Biomass ◽  
Northern Michigan

In 1984, red pine (Pinusresinosa Ait.) plantations were established at three sites in northern Michigan. From 1985 through 1992, 3083 individual trees from these stands were destructively sampled to determine aboveground biomass. The root systems were excavated on a subset of these trees (975 individuals). There were no significant differences in the relationships between either above- or below-ground biomass and groundline diameter and tree height across the range of biomass (3–6720 g for aboveground biomass and 1–319 g for belowground biomass), basal diameter (0.3–10.1 cm), or height (10–417 cm) of the sampled trees. There were also no significant differences in these relationships among the three sites. Relative height growth (the ratio of total height increment in a year and the total height at the beginning of the growing season) was found to have a very well defined maximum that was a function of total height at the beginning of the growing season. This maximum relative growth rate was used to develop a new height growth index that can be used to identify precompetitive red pine that are approaching their potential height growth in field situations.

Comparison of growth and physiology of layers and naturally established seedlings of black spruce in a boreal cutover in Quebec

1999 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raynald Paquin ◽  
Hank A Margolis ◽  
René Doucet ◽  
Marie R Coyea
Keyword(s):  
Water Potential ◽  
Picea Mariana ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Total Height ◽  
Acclimation Period ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Growth Of Seedlings

Growth and physiology of layers versus naturally established seedlings of boreal black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP) were compared 15 years after a cutover in Quebec. During the first 8 years, height growth of seedlings was greater than that of layers, averaging 10.4 and 7.0 cm/year, respectively. For the last 5 years, annual height growth of layers and seedlings did not differ (25 cm/year; p > 0.05). Over the entire 15-year period, total height growth of seedlings (251 cm) was greater than that of layers (220 cm), although total height did not differ (p > 0.05) over the last 6 years. During the 15th growing season, there were no differences (p > 0.05) for predawn shoot water potential, stomatal conductance, net photosynthesis, intercellular to ambient CO2 ratio, water use efficiency, and hydraulic conductance between layers and seedlings. For diurnal shoot water potential, seedlings showed slightly less stress than layers on two of the four sampling dates. Thus, in the first few years following the cutover, the slower growth observed for layers indicated that they had a longer acclimation period following the cutover. Afterwards, similar height growth, total height, and physiological characteristics of the two regeneration types indicated that layers can perform as well as naturally established seedlings.

Survival and Growth of Douglas-Fir Seedlings with Spot-Spraying, Mulching and Root-Dipping

1986 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 108-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chao-Hsiung Tung ◽  
Jim Batdorff ◽  
David R. DeYoe
Keyword(s):  
Pseudotsuga Menziesii ◽  
Seedling Survival ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Vegetation Management ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
The Third ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
Survival Of Seedlings

Abstract Two vegetation management methods, paper mulching and spot-spraying with glyphosate, were combined with a root-dipping treatment, Terra Sorb®, to test effects on seedling survival and height growth on a harsh site in Oregon. Survival of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) seedlings was significantly higher after the third growing season when competing vegetation had been controlled with mulch or glyphosate during the first two growing seasons. Seedlings retreated with paper mulch and glyphosate before the second growing season had 36 and 25% higher survival than those that were not retreated. None of the seedlings was retreated before the third season; after this season, survival of seedlings treated twice with glyphosate was 26, 23, and 21% higher than seedlings receiving one glyphosate treatment and one or two mulch applications, respectively. There were no differences in seedling height growth among treatments. Rootdipping with Terra Sorb® did not influence survival or growth. West. J. Appl. For. 1:108-111 Oct. 86.

scholarly journals Container Size and Initial Trunk Diameter Effects Growth of Acer rubrum L. During Production

2006 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-22
Author(s):  
Donna C. Fare
Keyword(s):  
Acer Rubrum ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Diameter Growth ◽  
Red Maple ◽  
Trunk Diameter ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Bare Root

Abstract Two studies were conducted to determine container size and liner (young bare root trees) trunk diameter effects on growth of Acer rubrum L. ‘Franksred’, Red Sunset™ red maple. In experiment 1, maples liners with initial mean trunk diameters of 12.2 mm (0.5 in), 15.9 mm (0.6 in), and 22.3 mm (0.9 in) were potted in 26.5 liter (#7), 37.8 liter (#10), and 56.8 liter (#15) containers and grown for 18 months (2 growing seasons). Height and trunk diameter growth at the end of each growing season were affected by both the initial liner trunk diameter and container size. During year 1, liners with an initial trunk diameter of 12.2 mm (0.5 in) increased 28 and 70% more in height growth compared to liners initially 15.9 mm (0.6 in) and 22.3 mm (0.9) in trunk diameter, respectively. Twenty three percent more height growth occurred with maples in 37.8 liter (#10) and 56.8 liter (#15) containers compared to those in 26.5 liter (#7) containers. Trunk diameter growth increased 50% more with 12.2 mm (0.5 in) liners compared to 22.3 mm (0.9 in) liners. A 25% increase in trunk diameter growth occurred with liners potted in 56.8 liter (#15) compared to 26.5 liter (#7) containers. At the end of the second growing season, final tree size was similar with liners that were initially 12.2 mm (0.5 in) and 15.9 mm (0.6 in) liners in trunk diameter to those initially 22.3 mm (0.9 in) when potted into 37.8 liter (#10) and 56.8 liter (#15) containers. In experiment 2, maple liners with trunk diameters 17.5 mm (0.7 in), 20.5 mm (0.8 in), and 29.0 mm (1.1 in) were potted in container sizes 26.5 liter (#7), 37.8 liter (#10), and 56.8 liter (#15) and grown for 18 months (2 growing seasons). Liners grown in 56.8 liter (#15) containers had 92% more height growth and 48% more trunk diameter growth than with liners in 26.5 liter (#7) containers. At termination, the shoot dry weight was 41% larger with maples in 56.8 liter (#15) containers compared to those grown in 26.5 liter (#7) containers.

Stump height effects on sprouting of mountain maple, paper birch and pin cherry — 10 year results

1997 ◽  
Vol 73 (5) ◽  
pp. 590-595 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Jobidon
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Management ◽  
Vegetative Reproduction ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Wildlife Habitat ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Stump Sprouting ◽  
Paper Birch ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Plot Design

Stump sprouting of mountain maple, paper birch and pin cherry was studied in relation to residual stump height. The three-year-old stems were cut at stump heights of 0, 15, 45 and 75 cm in a completely randomized plot design. Two growing seasons after cutting, the percent of stumps with live sprouts was lower for the low stump heights. Two years after cutting, the mean number of sprouts per stump of the three species significantly increased with stump height but the effect was no more significant after 10 years. Initially, total height of the sprouts was significantly greater for the higher stump heights of the three species, which is explained by the point of origin of the sprouts along the stump. After 10 years, this effect was no more significant. Except for pin cherry after the first growing season, the three species produced sprouts of similar vigor during the first 10 years, expressed in terms of both diameter and height growth, among the four stump heights. In view of the increasing stump mortality of these three species after manual or mechanical release treatments of a conifer regeneration, a cut height of 15 cm is recommended. Conversely, increasing stump height will likely favor sprout production, which could be advantageous in wildlife habitat management for browse consumption. Key words: stump height, vegetation management, sprout production, vegetative reproduction, wildlife habitat

scholarly journals Genotypic and Environmental Variations in Kernel Color Indices in the Main Almond (Prunus dulcis (Mill.) D.A. Webb) Cultivars Grown in North-Eastern Morocco

Scientifica ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
El Hassan Sakar ◽  
Mohamed El Yamani ◽  
Abdelali Boussakouran ◽  
Yahia Rharrabti
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Prunus Dulcis ◽  
Yellowness Index ◽  
Kernel Color ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Color Indices ◽  
Environmental Variations ◽  
Important Quality ◽  
Eastern Morocco

Color indices are important quality traits that define the consumer visual acceptance and agroindustrial preferences. Little is known regarding these properties in the commercial almond cultivars grown in Morocco. This work aimed at investigating kernel color indices in five cultivars, namely, “Fournat de Brézenaud,” “Tuono,” “Ferragnès,” “Ferraduel,” and “Marcona.” Color indices consisted in the following: brightness (L∗), redness index (a∗), yellowness index (b∗), chroma (C∗), hue (H∗), and metric saturation (S∗). Measurements were performed over three consecutive growing seasons (2016–2018) across five different sites from northern (Aknoul, Bni Hadifa, and Tahar Souk) and eastern (Rislane and Sidi Bouhria) Morocco. All factors (cultivar, growing season, and site) affected significantly studied color properties; however, genotype was the main variability source. Wide variabilities were found among cultivars. “Marcona” showed the highest L∗, while “Ferragnès” and “Ferraduel” displayed greater scores of a∗, b∗, C∗, and S∗. Sidi Bouhria presented the lowest L∗ but higher a∗, H∗, and S∗. Moreover, Bni Hadifa displayed higher L∗, b∗, and C∗. 2016 (drier growing season) had the highest values of most indices. Principal component analyses (PCA) discriminate all factors through the first three components: PC1 (61%, genetic component) and PC2 (30%) and PC3 (7%) which were of environmental nature since they separate sites and growing seasons, respectively. Despite environmental effects, we suggested a possible discrimination among the studied cultivars based on their kernel color indices. Drought conditions during fruit development seemed to improve kernel quality via synthesis of pigments resulting in higher a∗ and b∗.

scholarly journals Physiological and biochemical responses of young olive trees (Olea europaea L.) to water stress during flowering

2019 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yamani El ◽  
El Sakar ◽  
Abdelali Boussakouran ◽  
Yahia Rharrabti
Keyword(s):  
Olea Europaea ◽  
Water Regime ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Olea Europaea L ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Olive Trees ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical ◽  
Olea Europaéa

This study examines physiological and biochemical changes in three Moroccan varieties of young olive trees (Olea europaea L.) grown under three different water regimes (control, moderate stress and severe stress). Leaf relative water content (RWC), water potential (yw), transpiration rate (E), stomatal conductance (gs), maximum quantum efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm), the contents of total chlorophyll (TCC), proline (ProC) and soluble sugars (SSC) were measured at the flowering stage during three growing seasons (2015, 2016 and 2017). ANOVA analyses showed that the effect of the water regime was predominant in all of the examined parameters, except for Fv/Fm, which was under the effect of both water regime and growing season. Impacts of variety and interactions were of lesser magnitude. Water deficit reduced E, yw and gs by 25%, while its effect on RWC and Fv/Fm was a decrease of about 7%; however, increases in SSC and ProC were more than 10%. Among the growing seasons, 2015 flowering displayed the lowest values for RWC, yw, E, gs, TCC and Fv/Fm, and the highest for ProC and SSC. Among plant varieties, no significant differences were observed. The three principal component (PC) axes accounted for 91% of total variance. PC1 was better explained by the water regime, while the growing season fitted PC3 variability. Correlation studies highlighted significant associations between most parameters. Positive relationships were found between RWC, yw, E, gs, Fv/Fm and TCC, while all of these parameters were negatively linked to ProC and SSC.

Structuring Assessments of Psychopathology

2006 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Willem K.B. Hofstee ◽  
Dick P.H. Barelds ◽  
Jos M.F. Ten Berge
Keyword(s):  
Principal Components ◽  
Personality Assessment ◽  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Normal Sample ◽  
Normative Sample ◽  
Assessment Data ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Oblique Rotation ◽  
Two Samples

Hofstee and Ten Berge (2004a) have proposed a new look at personality assessment data, based on a bipolar proportional (-1, .. . 0, .. . +1) scale, a corresponding coefficient of raw-scores likeness L = ΢XY/N, and raw-scores principal component analysis. In a normal sample, the approach resulted in a structure dominated by a first principal component, according to which most people are faintly to mildly socially desirable. We hypothesized that a more differentiated structure would arise in a clinical sample. We analyzed the scores of 775 psychiatric clients on the 132 items of the Dutch Personality Questionnaire (NPV). In comparison to a normative sample (N = 3140), the eigenvalue for the first principal component appeared to be 1.7 times as small, indicating that such clients have less personality (social desirability) in common. Still, the match between the structures in the two samples was excellent after oblique rotation of the loadings. We applied the abridged m-dimensional circumplex design, by which persons are typed by their two highest scores on the principal components, to the scores on the first four principal components. We identified five types: Indignant (1-), Resilient (1-2+), Nervous (1-2-), Obsessive-Compulsive (1-3-), and Introverted (1-4-), covering 40% of the psychiatric sample. Some 26% of the individuals had negligible scores on all type vectors. We discuss the potential and the limitations of our approach in a clinical context.

Comparison of Principal Component Solutions in Two Populations

Methodology ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregor Sočan
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Study ◽  
Principal Components ◽  
Common Factor ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Component Model ◽  
Bootstrap Procedure ◽  
Factor Loadings ◽  
Component Loadings ◽  
Principal Component Model ◽  
Two Populations

Abstract. When principal component solutions are compared across two groups, a question arises whether the extracted components have the same interpretation in both populations. The problem can be approached by testing null hypotheses stating that the congruence coefficients between pairs of vectors of component loadings are equal to 1. Chan, Leung, Chan, Ho, and Yung (1999) proposed a bootstrap procedure for testing the hypothesis of perfect congruence between vectors of common factor loadings. We demonstrate that the procedure by Chan et al. is both theoretically and empirically inadequate for the application on principal components. We propose a modification of their procedure, which constructs the resampling space according to the characteristics of the principal component model. The results of a simulation study show satisfactory empirical properties of the modified procedure.

Stormwater inflow prediction using radar rainfall data compressed by principal component analysis

2006 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Katayama ◽  
K. Kimijima ◽  
O. Yamanaka ◽  
A. Nagaiwa ◽  
Y. Ono
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Prediction Model ◽  
Principal Components ◽  
Prediction Method ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
Rainfall Data ◽  
Radar Rainfall ◽  
Input Variables ◽  
Inflow Prediction

This paper proposes a method of stormwater inflow prediction using radar rainfall data as the input of the prediction model constructed by system identification. The aim of the proposal is to construct a compact system by reducing the dimension of the input data. In this paper, Principal Component Analysis (PCA), which is widely used as a statistical method for data analysis and compression, is applied to pre-processing radar rainfall data. Then we evaluate the proposed method using the radar rainfall data and the inflow data acquired in a certain combined sewer system. This study reveals that a few principal components of radar rainfall data can be appropriate as the input variables to storm water inflow prediction model. Consequently, we have established a procedure for the stormwater prediction method using a few principal components of radar rainfall data.

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