Tectonic influences on tree growth in northern Patagonia, Argentina: the roles of substrate stability and climatic variation

1995 ◽  
Vol 25 (10) ◽  
pp. 1684-1696 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Kitzberger ◽  
Thomas T. Veblen ◽  
Ricardo Villalba
Keyword(s):  
Tree Ring ◽  
Tree Growth ◽  
Tree Mortality ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Climatic Variation ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Great Earthquake ◽  
Northern Patagonia ◽  
South Central ◽  
Substrate Stability

In northern Patagonia, Argentina, we examined the influences of climatic variation and inter-site variation in substrate stability on the dendroecological effects of earthquakes. In association with the great earthquake in 1960 centered off the coast of nearby Valdivia, Chile, extensive tree mortality occurred in northern Patagonia in Nothofagusdombeyi–Austrocedruschilensis stands on unstable debris fans. To examine the effects of the 1960 and earlier earthquakes on tree growth, we developed tree-ring chronologies from samples of the surviving A. chilensis on unstable debris fan sites and at adjacent nonfan sites of more stable substrates. For controlling the effects of regional climatic variation, we also produced a tree-ring chronology from this species in a more distant and undisturbed stand. Strong variations in tree-growth patterns on fan sites were associated with the historically documented major seismic events of south central Chile that occurred in 1737, 1751, 1837, and 1960. Tree-ring chronologies from nonfan sites (i.e., sites of greater substrate stability) showed much less response to these earthquakes. On the fan sites, strong growth suppressions were associated with the former three earthquakes, whereas strong releases followed the 1960 earthquake. The difference in response is explained by the occurrence of the 1960 earthquake during a period of drought, which in combination with the violent shaking of the ground, resulted in extensive tree mortality followed by growth releases of the survivors. However, severe droughts in the absence of earthquakes also can produce tree mortality and subsequent release of the survivors. Consequently, the synergistic effects of climatic variation and earthquake events must be carefully considered in developing records of both climatic variation and earthquakes.

VARIATION OF RADIAL GROWTH PATTERNS IN TREES ALONG THREE ALTITUDINAL TRANSECTS IN NORTH CENTRAL CHINA

IAWA Journal ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 443-457 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyan Fang ◽  
Xiaohua Gou ◽  
Delphis F. Levia ◽  
Jinbao Li ◽  
Fen Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tree Ring ◽  
Frequency Band ◽  
Tree Growth ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Central China ◽  
Altitudinal Gradients ◽  
North Central ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation

Fourteen tree-ring width chronologies were developed along three altitudinal gradients for three mountain ranges in arid north central China. The chronology statistics, combined with results of a rotated principle component analysis (RPCA), suggest that physiological gradients play a more important role in determining tree-growth patterns than altitudinal gradients. As indicated by climate-growth relationships, temperature is mainly related to the low-frequency tree-ring variability, while precipitation is more influential on the high-frequency tree-ring variability. At the low-frequency band, chronologies across species from lower and upper forest limits were generally well correlated, except at the upper site of the Xinglong Mountain. It is plausible that similar temperature-shaped climate-growth relationships in the low-frequency domain may lead to similar growth patterns at this frequency band. Regarding the differing results for the Xinglong Mountain, our interpretation is that the changed growth patterns resulted from the varying climate-growth correlation patterns along the larger altitudinal gradients. The temperature and precipitation limitations for tree growth decrease along the increasing altitudinal gradients.

New Tree-Ring Dates for Recent Eruptions of Mount St. Helens

1983 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 246-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
David K. Yamaguchi
Keyword(s):  
Tree Ring ◽  
Pseudotsuga Menziesii ◽  
Tree Growth ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Tephra Layer ◽  
Growth Rings ◽  
Old Growth ◽  
Mount St Helens

Distinctive patterns of growth rings in increment cores from old-growth Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) stands identify A.D. 1800 as a more precise date for the eruption of tephra layer T by Mount St. Helens, Washington. Layer T was previously inferred to date to about A.D. 1802. Growth patterns also establish A.D. 1480 as the date of eruption of the earlier layer Wn, previously estimated as dating to about A.D. 1500. The timing of radial tree growth places a small limitation on the seasonal resolution of these new tree-ring dates.

Sapwood allocation in tropical trees: a test of hypotheses

2015 ◽  
Vol 42 (7) ◽  
pp. 697 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Schippers ◽  
Mart Vlam ◽  
Pieter A. Zuidema ◽  
Frank Sterck
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Sequestration ◽  
Tree Ring ◽  
Tree Growth ◽  
Annual Variation ◽  
Carbon Allocation ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Pipe Model ◽  
Test Of Hypotheses ◽  
Hierarchical Allocation

Carbon allocation to sapwood in tropical canopy trees is a key process determining forest carbon sequestration, and is at the heart of tree growth and dynamic global vegetation models (DGVM). Several allocation hypotheses exist including those applying assumptions on fixed allocation, pipe model, and hierarchical allocation between plant organs. We use a tree growth model (IBTREE) to evaluate these hypotheses by comparing simulated sapwood growth with 30 year tree ring records of the tropical long-lived tree Toona ciliata M. Roem. in Thailand. Simulated annual variation in wood production varied among hypotheses. Observed and simulated growth patterns matched most closely (r2 = 0.70) when hierarchical allocation was implemented, with low priority for sapwood. This allocation method showed realistic results with respect to reserve dynamics, partitioning and productivity and was the only one able to capture the large annual variation in tree ring width. Consequently, this method might also explain the large temporal variation in diameter growth and the occurrence of missing rings often encountered in other tropical tree species. Overall, our results show that sapwood growth is highly sensitive to allocation principles, and that allocation assumptions may greatly influence estimated carbon sequestration of tropical forests under climatic change.

scholarly journals Comparison of the Radial Growth Response of Picea crassifolia to Climate Change in Different Regions of the Central and Eastern Qilian Mountains

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 1015
Author(s):  
Xuan Wu ◽  
Liang Jiao ◽  
Dashi Du ◽  
Changliang Qi ◽  
Ruhong Xue
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Tree Growth ◽  
Central Region ◽  
Radial Growth ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Qilian Mountains ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Total Precipitation ◽  
Picea Crassifolia ◽  
The Qilian Mountains

It is important to explore the responses of radial tree growth in different regions to understand growth patterns and to enhance forest management and protection with climate change. We constructed tree ring width chronologies of Picea crassifolia from different regions of the Qilian Mountains of northwest China. We used Pearson correlation and moving correlation to analyze the main climate factors limiting radial growth of trees and the temporal stability of the growth–climate relationship, while spatial correlation is the result of further testing the first two terms in space. The conclusions were as follows: (1) Radial growth had different trends, showing an increasing followed by a decreasing trend in the central region, a continuously increasing trend in the eastern region, and a gradually decreasing trend in the isolated mountain. (2) Radial tree growth in the central region and isolated mountains was constrained by drought stress, and tree growth in the central region was significantly negatively correlated with growing season temperature. Isolated mountains showed a significant negative correlation with mean minimum of growing season and a significant positive correlation with total precipitation. (3) Temporal dynamic responses of radial growth in the central region to the temperatures and SPEI (the standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index) in the growing season were unstable, the isolated mountains to total precipitation was unstable, and that to SPEI was stable. The results of this study suggest that scientific management and maintenance plans of the forest ecosystem should be developed according to the response and growth patterns of the Qinghai spruce to climate change in different regions of the Qilian Mountains.

scholarly journals Forest carbon sink neutralized by pervasive growth-lifespan trade-offs

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. W. Brienen ◽  
L. Caldwell ◽  
L. Duchesne ◽  
S. Voelker ◽  
J. Barichivich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tree Growth ◽  
Tree Mortality ◽  
Carbon Sink ◽  
Growth Stimulation ◽  
Forest Carbon ◽  
System Model ◽  
Earth System ◽  
Canopy Tree ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Almost All

Abstract Land vegetation is currently taking up large amounts of atmospheric CO2, possibly due to tree growth stimulation. Extant models predict that this growth stimulation will continue to cause a net carbon uptake this century. However, there are indications that increased growth rates may shorten trees′ lifespan and thus recent increases in forest carbon stocks may be transient due to lagged increases in mortality. Here we show that growth-lifespan trade-offs are indeed near universal, occurring across almost all species and climates. This trade-off is directly linked to faster growth reducing tree lifespan, and not due to covariance with climate or environment. Thus, current tree growth stimulation will, inevitably, result in a lagged increase in canopy tree mortality, as is indeed widely observed, and eventually neutralise carbon gains due to growth stimulation. Results from a strongly data-based forest simulator confirm these expectations. Extant Earth system model projections of global forest carbon sink persistence are likely too optimistic, increasing the need to curb greenhouse gas emissions.

COMPLEXITY MAPS REVEAL CLUSTERS IN NEURONAL ARBORIZATIONS

Fractals ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 02 (02) ◽  
pp. 297-301
Author(s):  
B. DUBUC ◽  
S. W. ZUCKER ◽  
M. P. STRYKER
Keyword(s):  
Computer Vision ◽  
Fractal Dimension ◽  
Tree Growth ◽  
Local Structure ◽  
Dendritic Tree ◽  
Local Information ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Rate Of Growth ◽  
Local Complexity ◽  
Formal Definitions

A central issue in characterizing neuronal growth patterns is whether their arbors form clusters. Formal definitions of clusters have been elusive, although intuitively they appear to be related to the complexity of branching. Standard notions of complexity have been developed for point sets, but neurons are specialized "curve-like" objects. Thus we consider the problem of characterizing the local complexity of a "curve-like" measurable set. We propose an index of complexity suitable for defining clusters in such objects, together with an algorithm that produces a complexity map which gives, at each point on the set, precisely this index of complexity. Our index is closely related to the classical notions of fractal dimension, since it consists in determining the rate of growth of the area of a dilated set at a given scale, but it differs in two significant ways. First, the dilation is done normal to the local structure of the set, instead of being done isotropically. Second, the rate of growth of the area of this new set, which we named "normal complexity", is taken at a fixed (given) scale instead instead of around zero. The results will be key in choosing the appropriate representation when integrating local information in low level computer vision. As an application, they lead to the quantification of axonal and dendritic tree growth in neurons.

Tree growth across the Nepal Himalaya during the last four centuries

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 478-495 ◽  
Author(s):  
UK Thapa ◽  
S St. George ◽  
DK Kharal ◽  
NP Gaire
Keyword(s):  
Tree Ring ◽  
Tree Growth ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
High Elevation ◽  
Forest Growth ◽  
Tree Ring Width ◽  
Early 19Th Century ◽  
Tree Ring Data ◽  
Instrumental Records

The climate of Nepal has changed rapidly over the recent decades, but most instrumental records of weather and hydrology only extend back to the 1980s. Tree rings can provide a longer perspective on recent environmental changes, and since the early 2000s, a new round of field initiatives by international researchers and Nepali scientists have more than doubled the size of the country’s tree-ring network. In this paper, we present a comprehensive analysis of the current tree-ring width network for Nepal, and use this network to estimate changes in forest growth nation-wide during the last four centuries. Ring-width chronologies in Nepal have been developed from 11 tree species, and half of the records span at least 290 years. The Nepal tree-ring width network provides a robust estimate of annual forest growth over roughly the last four centuries, but prior to this point, our mean ring-width composite fluctuates wildly due to low sample replication. Over the last four centuries, two major events are prominent in the all-Nepal composite: (i) a prolonged and widespread growth suppression during the early 1800s; and (ii) heightened growth during the most recent decade. The early 19th century decline in tree growth coincides with two major Indonesian eruptions, and suggests that short-term disturbances related to climate extremes can exert a lasting influence on the vigor of Nepal’s forests. Growth increases since AD 2000 are mainly apparent in high-elevation fir, which may be a consequence of the observed trend towards warmer temperatures, particularly during winter. This synthesis effort should be useful to establish baselines for tree-ring data in Nepal and provide a broader context to evaluate the sensitivity or behavior of this proxy in the central Himalayas.

scholarly journals Different climate sensitivity for radial growth, but uniform for tree-ring stable isotopes along an aridity gradient in Polylepis tarapacana, the world’s highest elevation tree-species

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milagros Rodriguez-Caton ◽  
Laia Andreu-Hayles ◽  
Mariano S Morales ◽  
Valérie Daux ◽  
Duncan A Christie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotopes ◽  
Carbon Source ◽  
Tree Ring ◽  
Tree Growth ◽  
Carbon Sink ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Wood Formation ◽  
Aridity Gradient ◽  
Leaf Level ◽  
Δ13c And Δ18o

Abstract Tree growth is generally considered to be temperature-limited at upper elevation treelines. Yet, climate factors controlling tree growth at semiarid treelines are poorly understood. We explored the influence of climate on stem growth and stable isotopes for Polyepis tarapacana, the world’s highest elevation tree-species found only in the South American Altiplano. We developed tree-ring width index (RWI), oxygen (δ18O) and carbon (δ13C) chronologies for the last 60 years at four P. tarapacana stands located above 4,400 meters in elevation, along a 500-km latitude-aridity gradient. Total annual precipitation decreased from 300 to 200 mm from the northern to the southern sites. We used RWI as a proxy of wood formation (carbon sink) and isotopic tree-ring signatures as proxies of leaf-level gas exchange processes (carbon source). We found distinct climatic conditions regulating carbon-sink processes along the gradient. Current-growing season temperature regulated RWI at wetter-northern sites, while prior-growing season precipitation determined RWI at arid-southern sites. This suggests that the relative importance of temperature to precipitation in regulating tree growth is driven by site-water availability. In contrast, warm and dry growing-seasons resulted in enriched tree-ring δ13C and δ18O at all study sites, suggesting that similar climate conditions control carbon-source processes. Site-level δ13C and δ18O chronologies were significantly and positively related at all sites, with the strongest relationships among the southern-drier stands. This indicates an overall regulation of intercellular carbon dioxide via stomatal conductance for the entire P. tarapacana network, with greater stomatal control when aridity increases. The manuscript also highlights a coupling and decoupling of physiological processes at leaf level versus wood formation depending on their respectively uniform and distinct sensitivity to climate. This study contributes to better understand and predict the response of high-elevation Polylepis woodlands to rapid climate changes and projected drying in the Altiplano.

Dry-season climate drives interannual variability in tropical tree growth

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pieter Zuidema ◽  
Flurin Babst ◽  
Peter Groenendijk ◽  
Valerie Trouet
Keyword(s):  
Tree Ring ◽  
Tree Growth ◽  
Woody Biomass ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Tropical Tree ◽  
Biomass Growth ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Tropical Vegetation ◽  
Tropical Tree Growth ◽  
Climate Responses

<p>Tropical and subtropical ecosystems are primarily responsible for the large inter-annual variability (IAV) in the global carbon land sink. The response of tropical vegetation productivity to climatic variation likely drives this IAV, but the climate sensitivity of key productivity components are poorly understood. Tree-ring analysis can help fill this knowledge gap by estimating IAV in woody biomass growth, the major carbon accumulation process in tropical vegetation.</p><p> </p><p>Here, we evaluate the climate responses of woody biomass growth throughout the global tropics. Using an unprecedented compilation of tropical tree-ring data, we test hypotheses that (1) precipitation (P) and maximum temperature (T<sub>max</sub>) have opposite and additive effects on annual tree growth, (2) these climate responses amplify with increasing aridity and (3) wet-season climate is a more important driver of growth than dry-season climate.</p><p> </p><p>We established a network of 347 tree-ring width chronologies compiled from (sub-)tropical latitudes, representing 99 tree species on five continents and obtained from contributors (n=112) and the International Tree-Ring Data Bank (ITRDB; n=235). Our network is climatologically representative for 66% of the pantropical land area with woody vegetation.</p><p> </p><p>To test hypotheses we re-developed standardized ring-width index (RWI) chronologies and assessed climate responses using SOM cluster analysis (monthly P and T<sub>max</sub>) and multiple regression analysis (seasonal P and T<sub>max</sub>). Our results were consistent with hypothesis 1: effects of monthly or seasonal P and T<sub>max</sub> on tree growth were indeed additive and opposite, suggesting water availability to be the primary driver of tropical tree growth. In accordance with hypothesis 2, these climate responses were stronger at sites with lower mean annual precipitation or a larger annual water deficit. However, our results contrast those expected under hypothesis 3. Three of the four clusters show a dominant role of dry-season climate on annual tree growth and regression analyses confirmed this strong dry-season role.</p><p> </p><p>The strong dry-season effect on tropical tree growth seemingly contrasts the general notion that tropical vegetation productivity peaks during the wet season but is consistent with studies showing that climatologically benign dry seasons increase reserve storage and xylem growth. We posit that dry-season climate constrains the magnitude of woody biomass growth that takes place during the following wet season, and thus contributes to IAV in tree growth.</p><p> </p><p>By providing field-based insights on climate sensitivity of tropical vegetation productivity, our study contributes to the major task in Earth system science of quantifying, understanding, and predicting the IAV of the carbon land sink.</p>

Ecological forecasting of tree growth: Regional fusion of tree‐ring and forest inventory data to quantify drivers and characterize uncertainty

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly A. Heilman ◽  
Michael C. Dietze ◽  
Alexis A. Arizpe ◽  
Jacob Aragon ◽  
Andrew Gray ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tree Ring ◽  
Tree Growth ◽  
Forest Inventory ◽  
Inventory Data ◽  
Ecological Forecasting ◽  
Forest Inventory Data
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