Intestinal motility during acute Yersinia enterocolitica enteritis in rabbits

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (6) ◽  
pp. 553-560 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. B. Scott ◽  
D. G. Gall ◽  
S. C. Diamant
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Motor Activity ◽  
Yersinia Enterocolitica ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Intestinal Lumen ◽  
Fecal Excretion ◽  
Cycle Period ◽  
Motility Index ◽  
And Control

To determine if Yersinia enterocolitica (YE) enteritis is associated with an alteration of intestinal myoelectric and motor activity, and with an increased rate of aboral transit, New Zealand white rabbits (500–900 g) were surgically prepared with ileal bipolar electrodes and a manometry catheter adjacent to the distal electrode. One week later animals were inoculated with 1010 organisms of YE in 10 mL NaHCO3 (infected group) or 10 mL NaHCO3 (sham-infected pair-fed and control groups). Daily food intake, weight gain, YE excretion, and stool pattern were noted. Intestinal myoelectric and motor activity over a 6- to 8- h period before and 3, 6, and 14 days after inoculation was compared in infected (I), pair-fed (PF), and control (C) groups. Intestinal transit was evaluated in I and C animals on days 3 and 6 after inoculation by measuring the distribution in the intestinal lumen of 51Cr 20 min after it was instilled directly into the jejunum. Infected animals exhibited diarrhea, fecal excretion of YE, and significantly decreased food intake, weight gain, and survival (11.4 ± 0.6 days). Infection was associated with a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in both the cycle period of the migrating myoelectric complex (MMC) and the total number of single, paired, and (or) clustered contractions per MMC, and a significant (p < 0.001) increase in duration of phase III of the MMC. There was no change in intestinal slow wave frequency (19 cycles/min), motility index per MMC, or the percentage of contractions that propagated in an orad (7%) or aboral (69%) direction or that appeared stationary (25%). The changes in myoelectric and motor activity were specific for YE infection (not related to decreased food intake and weight gain) and were associated with a significantly increased rate of aboral transit. Thus, the inflammatory enteritis induced by YE is associated with alterations of intestinal myoelectric and motor activity, and an increased rate of aboral transit.Key words: Yersinia enterocolitica, infection, intestine, motility, transit.

Yersinia enterocolitica enteritis affects rabbit intestinal longitudinal smooth muscle function

1992 ◽  
Vol 262 (2) ◽  
pp. G278-G284 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. B. Scott ◽  
D. T. Tan
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Yersinia Enterocolitica ◽  
Biomechanical Properties ◽  
Isometric Tension ◽  
Infected Group ◽  
Tension Development ◽  
Longitudinal Smooth Muscle ◽  
Tension Curves

To determine whether Yersinia enterocolitica (YE) enteritis has an effect on the biomechanical properties of intestinal smooth muscle, New Zealand White rabbits (600-900 g) were divided into an infected group (n = 9) and sham-infected animals fed ad libitum (n = 9), or pair fed with the infected group (n = 9). Animals were inoculated with 10(10) organisms of YE in 10 ml NaHCO3 (infected group) or 10 ml NaHCO3 (sham-infected control and pair-fed groups) at time 0. Daily food intake, weight gain, and YE excretion were noted. Six days later animals were killed and longitudinal smooth muscle strips prepared from proximal (P), medial (M), and distal (D) segments of intestine in each treatment group. Isometric tension was recorded in tissue baths perfused with oxygenated Krebs solution and 10(-6) M tetrodotoxin. Basal and active (the response to 10(-5) M carbachol) length-tension curves were generated. Then, with the muscle strips stretched to their optimum length for tension development, the dose response to carbachol and to graded depolarization with KCl was determined. Infected animals had a significantly reduced food intake and weight gain compared with controls. The development of basal tension with stretch was not significantly different in infected compared with control or pair-fed tissues from the same site.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Increased growth and protein deposition in rats treated with antibodies to adipocytes

1990 ◽  
Vol 258 (6) ◽  
pp. E985-E989 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Panton ◽  
C. Futter ◽  
S. Kestin ◽  
D. Flint
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Protein Deposition ◽  
Fat Depots ◽  
Adipose Tissue Depots ◽  
Total Fat ◽  
And Control ◽  
Conversion Efficiencies

Young growing rats treated with an antiserum to adipocytes showed marked reductions in several adipose tissue depots but surprisingly demonstrated increased body weight gain. During the first 3 wk after treatment body weight gain increased by 17% with no effect on food intake, whereas during weeks 3-7 body weight gain increased by 40-50% and was accompanied by a 15% increase in food intake. These animals thus exhibited increased food conversion efficiencies (intake/gain) of approximately 15-20% for almost 2 mo. Subsequently, food intake and body weight gain returned to normal (although body weight remained elevated) up to 6 mo. By this time several fat depots were still reduced in size, although total (chemical) fat was identical in treated and control groups. These results suggest that 1) reduction of body fat depots can be achieved using antibodies to adipocytes, 2) compensatory increases in lean body mass can occur, and 3) total fat mass may be regulated.

Effect of duodenal bile acid delivery on fasting intestinal motor activity

1986 ◽  
Vol 250 (6) ◽  
pp. G836-G841
Author(s):  
R. B. Scott
Keyword(s):  
Bile Acid ◽  
Bile Duct ◽  
Common Bile Duct ◽  
Motor Activity ◽  
Enterohepatic Circulation ◽  
Taurocholic Acid ◽  
Cycle Period ◽  
Motility Index ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Common

Fasting duodenal bile acid delivery is pulsatile and is cyclically coordinated with the duodenal migrating myoelectric complex (MMC). To determine whether duodenal bile acid delivery influences the duodenal cycle period (CP) of the MMC or the intensity of duodenal motor activity, three dogs were prepared with a duodenal cannula, permitting cannulation of the common bile duct, duodenal infusion, and manometry. CP was measured with the enterohepatic circulation intact and after the common bile duct was cannulated to divert endogenous bile from the duodenum during continuous duodenal infusion (1.6 ml/min) of 0, 2.5, 12.5, or 25 mM sodium taurocholic acid in 154 mM NaCl. During a second protocol with the enterohepatic circulation intact, a control and subsequent CP were measure, and a pulse (1 ml/min for 10 min) of pooled dog bile (112 mM total bile acids) or 0, 20, 80, or 140 mM sodium taurocholic acid in 154 mM NaCl was infused into the duodenum at 40% of the second CP (as estimated from control CP). A motility index was calculated for an interval commencing at 40% of the control CP and at the start of pulse infusion in the succeeding CP. There was no significant difference in CP with the enterohepatic circulation intact compared with that during continuous duodenal infusion of sodium taurocholic acid. There was no significant change in CP or motility index after premature pulse infusion of sodium taurocholic acid or pooled dog bile. Variation in duodenal bile acid delivery did not modulate intensity of duodenal motor activity or cycling of the MMC.

Interrelationships between diet and weight gain in rats with portacaval shunts

1964 ◽  
Vol 206 (2) ◽  
pp. 304-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
William S. Masland
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Liver Weight ◽  
Blood Ammonia ◽  
Daily Food Intake ◽  
Special Diet ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Daily Food ◽  
And Control

Rate of weight gain and daily food intake, as well as fasting colon weight, liver weight, and arterial blood ammonia levels, were measured in rats with end-to-side portacaval anastomoses and their sham-operated, paired controls. The diets provided were regular chow and special, low-residue feed with increased amounts of protein, fat, or carbohydrate. The chow-fed, operated group gained weight at a significantly slower rate than their paired controls which was the only significant intragroup difference. The special-diet, operated groups gained significantly slower than the shams when the data from these groups were pooled, obliterating the dietary distinction. This singularity of the chow-fed group was accompanied by a very much heavier colon in both operated and control categories than that of animals receiving low-residue feed. Liver weights were lower and arterial ammonia levels higher in animals with shunts. The significance of the greater colon weight and lower rate of weight gain in fistulated animals receiving regular chow is discussed in the context of symbiotic relations between gastrointestinal flora and host.

Effect of Phototherapy on Nitrogen and Electrolyte Levels and Water Balance in Jaundiced Preterm Infants

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-198
Author(s):  
Paul Y. K. Wu ◽  
Amod Moosa
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Water Balance ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Fecal Excretion ◽  
Careful Attention ◽  
Metabolic Balance ◽  
Intestinal Transit Time ◽  
And Control ◽  
Sodium And Potassium

Twenty-four-hour metabolic balance studies were performed in ten jaundiced preterm infants, five light-treated (phototherapy) and five controls. Each of the light-treated infants was studied twice, once during phototherapy (period I) and once 48 hours after phototherapy (period II). Control infants were similarly studied during the corresponding days. Compared to period II and control infants, during period I the light-treated infants had less weight gain. Intestinal transit time was decreased by 50%. Fecal excretion of nitrogen, sodium, and potassium was increased. Stool water loss was increased twofold to threefold with a decrease in water balance. Unmeasured water loss was increased. These studies underscore the need for careful attention to fluid and caloric supplementation during phototherapy.

scholarly journals Mealtime Environment and Control of Food Intake in Healthy Children and in Children with Gastrointestinal Diseases

Children ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 77
Author(s):  
Katerina Sdravou ◽  
Elpida Emmanouilidou-Fotoulaki ◽  
Athanasia Printza ◽  
Elias Andreoulakis ◽  
Athanasios Evangeliou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disease ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Frequent Use ◽  
Child Autonomy ◽  
And Control ◽  
Mealtime Environment

Parental feeding practices and mealtime routine significantly influence a child’s eating behavior. The aim of this study was to investigate the mealtime environment in healthy children and children with gastrointestinal diseases. We conducted a cross-sectional case–control study among 787 healthy, typically developing children and 141 children with gastrointestinal diseases, aged two to seven years. Parents were asked to provide data on demographics and describe their mealtime environment by answering to 24 closed-ended questions. It was found that the majority of the children had the same number of meals every day and at the same hour. Parents of both groups exerted considerable control on the child’s food intake by deciding both when and what their child eats. Almost one third of the parents also decided how much their child eats. The two groups differed significantly in nine of the 24 questions. The study showed that both groups provided structured and consistent mealtime environments. However, a significant proportion of children did not control how much they eat which might impede their ability to self-regulate eating. The presence of a gastrointestinal disease was found to be associated with reduced child autonomy, hampered hunger cues and frequent use of distractions during meals.

scholarly journals A hindbrain dopaminergic neural circuit prevents weight gain by reinforcing food satiation

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (22) ◽  
pp. eabf8719
Author(s):  
Yong Han ◽  
Guobin Xia ◽  
Yanlin He ◽  
Yang He ◽  
Monica Farias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Neural Circuit ◽  
Neural Circuitry ◽  
Dynamic Regulation ◽  
Satiety Response ◽  
Food Satiation ◽  
Lateral Parabrachial Nucleus ◽  
Genetic Deletion ◽  
Feeding Bout

The neural circuitry mechanism that underlies dopaminergic (DA) control of innate feeding behavior is largely uncharacterized. Here, we identified a subpopulation of DA neurons situated in the caudal ventral tegmental area (cVTA) directly innervating DRD1-expressing neurons within the lateral parabrachial nucleus (LPBN). This neural circuit potently suppresses food intake via enhanced satiation response. Notably, this cohort of DAcVTA neurons is activated immediately before the cessation of each feeding bout. Acute inhibition of these DA neurons before bout termination substantially suppresses satiety and prolongs the consummatory feeding. Activation of postsynaptic DRD1LPBN neurons inhibits feeding, whereas genetic deletion of Drd1 within the LPBN causes robust increase in food intake and subsequent weight gain. Furthermore, the DRD1LPBN signaling manifests the central mechanism in methylphenidate-induced hypophagia. In conclusion, our study illuminates a hindbrain DAergic circuit that controls feeding through dynamic regulation in satiety response and meal structure.

Use of shape-from-shading to estimate three-dimensional architecture in the small intestinal lumen of celiac and control patients

2013 ◽  
Vol 111 (3) ◽  
pp. 676-684 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward J. Ciaccio ◽  
Christina A. Tennyson ◽  
Govind Bhagat ◽  
Suzanne K. Lewis ◽  
Peter H.R. Green
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Shape From Shading ◽  
Intestinal Lumen ◽  
Small Intestinal ◽  
And Control

scholarly journals Role of Ventromedial Hypothalamus in Sucrose-Induced Obesity on Metabolic Parameters

2021 ◽  
pp. 097275312110057
Author(s):  
Archana Gaur ◽  
G.K. Pal ◽  
Pravati Pal
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Ventromedial Hypothalamus ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Metabolic Parameters ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Significant Weight Gain ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome

Background: Obesity is because of excessive fat accumulation that affects health adversely in the form of various diseases such as diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, and many other disorders. Our Indian diet is rich in carbohydrates, and hence the sucrose-induced obesity is an apt model to mimic this. Ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) is linked to the regulation of food intake in animals as well as humans. Purpose: To understand the role of VMHin sucrose-induced obesity on metabolic parameters. Methods: A total of 24 adult rats were made obese by feeding them on a 32% sucrose solution for 10 weeks. The VMH nucleus was ablated in the experimental group and sham lesions were made in the control group. Food intake, body weight, and biochemical parameters were compared before and after the lesion. Results: Male rats had a significant weight gain along with hyperphagia, whereas female rats did not have a significant weight gain inspite of hyperphagia. Insulin resistance and dyslipidemia were seen in both the experimental and control groups. Conclusion: A sucrose diet produces obesity which is similar to the metabolic syndrome with insulin resistance and dyslipidemia, and a VMH lesion further exaggerates it. Males are more prone to this exaggeration.

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