A stabilizing interaction between the founder effect and interdeme mixing in competing populations of Drosophila melanogaster and Drosophila simulans

1972 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 325-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
David L. Gibo
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Founder Effect ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Small Population ◽  
Large Populations ◽  
High Predation ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
High Predation Pressure

Population cages with Drosophila melanogaster and D. simulans in competition were maintained under high predation pressure. The cages were established under three different conditions. One group of cages was started with a large population (150 adults) of each species. In these cages D. melanogaster was quickly depressed to low levels by D. simulans. A second group of cages was established with a small population (15 adults) of each species. These cages showed a great deal of diversity of both population size and dominant species. The third group of cages was established by mixing the populations of the cages of the second group and redistributing this mixed population among separate cages. In this last group of cages, the D. simulans population resembled those observed in the cages started with large populations, but the D. melanogaster populations had changed. Instead of being depressed to extinction, D. melanogaster was observed to maintain an apparently stable population. Interspecific competition between the two species appeared to have been reduced. The relationship of these results to the founder effect, interdeme mixing, and rapid changes in competitive relationships is discussed.

HYPOGAMMAGLOBULINEMIA

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1960 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 817-821
Author(s):  
Thomas F. Dolan ◽  
Norman B. McCullough ◽  
Lewis E. Gibson
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Therapy ◽  
Gamma Globulin ◽  
Nocardia Asteroides ◽  
Recurrent Infections ◽  
Salmonella Newport ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

An unusual patient, characterized by recurrent infections, hepatosplenomegaly, low levels of gamma-globulin in the serum (400 mg/100 ml) and lymphocytosis, is described. The patient had pneumonia due to Nocardia asteroides followed by chronic Salmonella newport infection of 16 months' duration, kept in check by continuous antibiotic therapy. No antibodies were produced against specific antigenic challenges. The relationship of this case to those of congenital and acquired agammaglobulinemia is discussed.

The relationship of Zonocerus variegatus (L.) (Acridoidea: Pyrgomorphidae) with cassava (Manihot esculenta)

1977 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 391-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. A. Bernays ◽  
R. F. Chapman ◽  
E. M. Leather ◽  
A. R. McCaffery ◽  
W. W. D. Modder
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Cyanide ◽  
Manihot Esculenta ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
The Other ◽  
Zonocerus Variegatus ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Ibadan Nigeria

AbstractField and laboratory studies at Ibadan, Nigeria, showed that the young nymphs of Zonocerus variegatus (L.) normally reject cassava after biting it and die if they are confined on growing leaves. Later instars will eat cassava, especially when deprived of food for some time, but the adults progressively lose weight when restricted to feeding on growing cassava. On cut cassava, on the other hand, extensive feeding occurs and normal growth is maintained. The change from unpalatability to acceptability occurs within about an hour of cutting and is apparently associated with wilting. Cassava produces latex, but this was not distasteful to Zonocerus. The readiness to feed on growing cassava was associated with low levels of hydrogen cyanide production by the leaves; wilted leaves still produced hydrogen cyanide, but at a lower rate than turgid, growing leaves. In the area around Ibadan, Zonocerus regularly defoliates cassava in the latter part of the dry season, probably because a shortage of attractive foods forces the insect to eat cassava.

Nurse Moral Distress and Ethical Work Environment

2005 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 381-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary C Corley ◽  
Ptlene Minick ◽  
R K Elswick ◽  
Mary Jacobs
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Work Environment ◽  
Moral Distress ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Medical Centers ◽  
Ethical Work ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

This study examined the relationship between moral distress intensity, moral distress frequency and the ethical work environment, and explored the relationship of demographic characteristics to moral distress intensity and frequency. A group of 106 nurses from two large medical centers reported moderate levels of moral distress intensity, low levels of moral distress frequency, and a moderately positive ethical work environment. Moral distress intensity and ethical work environment were correlated with moral distress frequency. Age was negatively correlated with moral distress intensity, whereas being African American was related to higher levels of moral distress intensity. The ethical work environment predicted moral distress intensity. These results reveal a difference between moral distress intensity and frequency and the importance of the environment to moral distress intensity.

scholarly journals Validation of Surrogates of Urine Osmolality in Population Studies

2017 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonia Youhanna ◽  
Lise Bankir ◽  
Paul Jungers ◽  
David Porteous ◽  
Ozren Polasek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Urine Osmolality ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Epidemiologic Studies ◽  
Urine Concentration ◽  
Total N ◽  
Mean Differences ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Background: The importance of vasopressin and/or urine concentration in various kidney, cardiovascular, and metabolic diseases has been emphasized recently. Due to technical constraints, urine osmolality (Uosm), a direct reflect of urinary concentrating activity, is rarely measured in epidemiologic studies. Methods: We analyzed 2 possible surrogates of Uosm in 4 large population-based cohorts (total n = 4,247) and in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD, n = 146). An estimated Uosm (eUosm) based on the concentrations of sodium, potassium, and urea, and a urine concentrating index (UCI) based on the ratio of creatinine concentrations in urine and plasma were compared to the measured Uosm (mUosm). Results: eUosm is an excellent surrogate of mUosm, with a highly significant linear relationship and values within 5% of mUosm (r = 0.99 or 0.98 in each population cohort). Bland-Altman plots show a good agreement between eUosm and mUosm with mean differences between the 2 variables within ±24 mmol/L. This was verified in men and women, in day and night urine samples, and in CKD patients. The relationship of UCI with mUosm is also significant but is not linear and exhibits more dispersed values. Moreover, the latter index is no longer representative of mUosm in patients with CKD as it declines much more quickly with declining glomerular filtration rate than mUosm. Conclusion: The eUosm is a valid marker of urine concentration in population-based and CKD cohorts. The UCI can provide an estimate of urine concentration when no other measurement is available, but should be used only in subjects with normal renal function.

scholarly journals Psychological Well-Being of Patients with Breast Cancer: A Descriptive Study

Sainteks ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Widyaningsih ◽  
A. Istifaraswati
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Support Group ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Breast Cancer Patients ◽  
Psychological Well Being ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The mental impact of cancer on patients is often severe. Patients who have been recently diagnosed with breast cancer tend to experience depression, emotional stress, disappointment, and even despair which later can damage their psychological well-being. This study aims to describe Psychological Well-being among breast cancer patients.134 breast cancer patients were recruited at the Out Patient Department (OPD) of Tugurejo Hospital Semarang city, Indonesia. The data were collected using Ryff Scale Psychological Well-being (RSPWB) questionnaire. Most of the respondents were middle-aged, married, unemployed and had been diagnosed with early stadium of breast cancer. Results showed approximately half of the total respondents (n=64%, 47.8%) experiencing low levels of psychological well-being over the entire period of the sickness. Among four subscales of psychological well-being, “positive relationship with others” subscale was reported to be very low among those respondents. However, almost two thirds of respondents perceived a higher degree of self-acceptance and life purpose while experiencing the illness. Nurses and healthcare providers need to be aware of the importance of counseling service and family/patients support group to improve the relationship of patients with others.Keywords: psychological well-being, breast cancer

scholarly journals Serum Visfatin Levels Estimated in Overweight Individuals

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-95
Author(s):  
Fahmida Kabir ◽  
Shiekh Anisul Haque ◽  
KMG Haque
Keyword(s):  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Fasting Serum ◽  
Anthropometric Parameters ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Standard Methods ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Overweight Subjects

Background: Visfatin is a novel adipocytokine predominantly secreted from visceral fat and its blood shows insulin-mimetic effects which correlate with overweight, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and inflammation. Overweight is an important component of metabolic syndrome. However, the relationship between visfatin levels and overweight is not yet clear. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship of serum visfatin levels in overweight and apparently healthy subjects.Methodology: This was a cross-sectional comparative study includes 50 overweight subjects who had no disease conditions and 42 controls. Anthropometric measurements included Height (HT), body mass index (BMI), waist circumferences (WC) and hip circumferences (HC) were performed by using standard methods. Serum visfatin levels were analyzed by Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Biochemical parameters estimated by ELISA and standard methods where fasting serum visfatin, fasting serum insulin and fasting plasma glucose, serum triglycerideg (TG), serum cholesterol (CHOL) levels and lipid profiles were evaluated. All data were presented as Mean (M) and Standard Deviation (±SD) and results were compared with students t-test and correlation coefficient. The values were considered significant at 0.05 level of significance.Results: BMI, WC, HC and %BFM were significantly higher in overweight subjects compaired to controls. Serum visfatin (ng/ml) value in overweight subjects also was observed significantly higher compared to the controls.Conclusion: A significant corelation of plasma visfatin levels was observed with anthropometric parameters whereas no significant relationship observed with any of the biochemical parametres either the study subjects or controls. This study shows correlation between serum visfatin and overweight subjects. Future studies with large population possibly will explore and explain the role and relationship of serum visfatin with overweight, T2DM and others diseases as related to visfatin.Anwer Khan Modern Medical College Journal Vol. 9, No. 2: Jul 2018, P 91-95

Abstract 17063: Sleep Related Breathing Disorders and Heart Rate Variability in Young and Healthy Adults From the General Population

Circulation ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 132 (suppl_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefanie Aeschbacher ◽  
Matthias Bossard ◽  
Mirco von Rotz ◽  
Tobias Schoen ◽  
Anna Maseli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Apnea Hypopnea Index ◽  
Sleep Related Breathing Disorders ◽  
Breathing Disorders ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Background: The influence of sleep related breathing disorders on heart rate variability (HRV), a measure of autonomic nervous function, is not well studied. We therefore assessed the relationship of the Apnea-Hypopnea Index (AHI) and the Oxygen Desaturation Index (ODI) with 24-hour HRV in a large population of young and healthy adults. Methods: Individuals aged between 25-41 years with a body mass index ≤35km/kg2 and without known sleep apnea syndrome (SAS) or cardiovascular disease were included in the population-based GAPP-study. A 24-hour electrocardiogram (ECG) was obtained in every participant, and systematic post-processing performed with a dedicated software. The standard deviation of all normal RR intervals (SDNN) was used as main HRV marker. AHI and ODI were obtained from nighttime pulsoxymetry with nasal airflow measurements. Sleep apnea (SA) was defined as either an AHI ≥5 or an ODI ≥5. Multivariable regression models were constructed to assess the relationship of SDNN with either AHI or ODI and to adjust for a large number of confounders. Results: We included 1266 participants (47% men) with a median age of 35 years. Mean SDNN among men and women was 162 and 148ms (p<0.0001), respectively. The proportion of participants with SA using an AHI- or ODI-based definition was 10 and 11%, respectively. Compared to individuals without SA, the beta coefficient (95% confidence interval (CI)) for SDNN was -7.48 (-14.75; -0.23, p=0.04) among those with an AHI-based SA definition, and was -11.45 (-18.39; -4.52, p=0.001) among those with an ODI-based SA definition. A highly significant inverse trend across different categories of AHI and ODI was observed, as shown in the Table. Conclusion: Early stages of sleep related breathing disorders are strongly associated with decreasing HRV in young and healthy adults, without evidence of a threshold. These findings suggest a tight link between sleep related breathing disorders and autonomic dysfunction.

Relationship of the cGMP-binding activity to the cGMP-specific phosphodiesterase in Dictyostelium discoideum

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (6) ◽  
pp. 528-534 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Parissenti ◽  
M. B. Coukell
Keyword(s):  
Dictyostelium Discoideum ◽  
Kinase Activity ◽  
Deae Cellulose ◽  
Binding Activity ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Dependent Protein ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Type Strains

Optimal conditions for assaying and stabilizing the soluble cGMP-binding activity in Dictyostelium discoideum were established. Using these procedures, we investigated the relationship between the cGMP-binding activity and the cGMP-specific phosphodiesterase in this organism. In wild-type strains, the binding and phosphodiesterase activities were found to be regulated differently during development. Also, stmF mutants, which possess very low levels of cGMP-specific phosphodiesterase activity, exhibited normal levels of cGMP-binding activity. Fractionation studies revealed that the binding and phosphodiesterase activities could be resolved by DEAE-cellulose chromatography. Finally, the effect of pH on cGMP binding was different from that reported for cGMP-mediated activation of the phosphodiesterase. Taken together, these results indicate that the cGMP-binding protein and the cGMP-specific phosphodiesterase are probably unrelated. In addition, the cGMP-binding activity is not associated with cGMP-stimulated kinase activity and it does not elute from DEAE-cellulose like the highly conserved cGMP-dependent protein kinases found in other systems.

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