Haemocytology of the supraneural myeloid body in the sea lamprey during several phases of life cycle

1974 ◽  
Vol 52 (12) ◽  
pp. 1585-1589 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. George ◽  
F. W. H. Beamish
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cells ◽  
Petromyzon Marinus ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Sea Lamprey ◽  
Histochemical Staining ◽  
Fat Cells ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Adult Tissue ◽  
Spawning Run ◽  
Early Phases

The supraneural myeloid body of the sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) was studied in the feeding adult, late spawning run adult, and metamorphosing ammocoete. The fatty nature of the tissue was established by histochemical staining and electron microscopy. The presence of the fat cells and the actively differentiating blood cells evinced its similarity to the bone marrow in higher animals, thereby suggesting a phylogenetic affinity. In the late spawning run lampreys, the tissue was found to be almost empty of blood cells, leaving empty spaces within the stromal skeleton. In the feeding adult tissue, the various blood cell types differentiated from precursor cells have been identified. Megakaryoblasts possibly representing early phases of the cell type were observed only in the transforming (macrophthalmia stage) and adult lampreys. A marked active development of the tissue in the ammocoete was seen only at the fourth stage of the metamorphosing ammocoete immediately before macrophthalmia. At the macrophthalmia stage, the haematopoietic activity in the tissue increased substantially.

scholarly journals Differences in DNA methylation of white blood cell types at birth and in adulthood reflect postnatal immune maturation and influence accuracy of cell type prediction

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meaghan J Jones ◽  
Louie Dinh ◽  
Hamid Reza Razzaghian ◽  
Olivia de Goede ◽  
Julia L MacIsaac ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Blood Cell ◽  
Cord Blood ◽  
White Blood Cell ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Cell Type Specific ◽  
The Impact

AbstractBackgroundDNA methylation profiling of peripheral blood leukocytes has many research applications, and characterizing the changes in DNA methylation of specific white blood cell types between newborn and adult could add insight into the maturation of the immune system. As a consequence of developmental changes, DNA methylation profiles derived from adult white blood cells are poor references for prediction of cord blood cell types from DNA methylation data. We thus examined cell-type specific differences in DNA methylation in leukocyte subsets between cord and adult blood, and assessed the impact of these differences on prediction of cell types in cord blood.ResultsThough all cell types showed differences between cord and adult blood, some specific patterns stood out that reflected how the immune system changes after birth. In cord blood, lymphoid cells showed less variability than in adult, potentially demonstrating their naïve status. In fact, cord CD4 and CD8 T cells were so similar that genetic effects on DNA methylation were greater than cell type effects in our analysis, and CD8 T cell frequencies remained difficult to predict, even after optimizing the library used for cord blood composition estimation. Myeloid cells showed fewer changes between cord and adult and also less variability, with monocytes showing the fewest sites of DNA methylation change between cord and adult. Finally, including nucleated red blood cells in the reference library was necessary for accurate cell type predictions in cord blood.ConclusionChanges in DNA methylation with age were highly cell type specific, and those differences paralleled what is known about the maturation of the postnatal immune system.

scholarly journals Heterogeneity in dog red blood cells: sodium and potassium transport.

1979 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
V Castranova ◽  
J F Hoffman
Keyword(s):  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Red Cells ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Volume Dependence ◽  
Single Cell Type ◽  
Cell Volumes ◽  
K Permeability ◽  
Sodium And Potassium

After incubation in isotonic KCl, dog red blood cells can be separated by centrifugation into subgroups which assume different cell volumes and possess different transport characteristics. Those red cells which swell in isotonic KCl exhibit a higher permeability to K and possess a greater volume dependence for transport of K than those red cells which shrink. A high Na permeability characterizes cells which shrink in isotonic KCl and these cells exhibit a larger volume-dependent Na flux than those red cells which swell. These two subgroups of red cells do not seem to represent two cell populations of different age. The results indicate that the population of normal cells is evidently heterogeneous in that the volume-dependent changes in Na and K permeability are distributed between differnt cell types rather than representing a single cell type which reciprocally changes its selectivity to Na and K.

Keratin polypeptides in the epidermis of the larval (ammocoete) sea lamprey, Petromyzon marinus L., show a cell type-specific immunolocalization

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 190-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. B. Alarcón ◽  
M. F. Filosa ◽  
J. H. Youson
Keyword(s):  
Petromyzon Marinus ◽  
Sea Lamprey ◽  
Specific Pattern ◽  
Immunofluorescent Staining ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Keratin Polypeptides ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Positive Immunostaining ◽  
Cell Type Specific ◽  
Germinal Cells

Using immunofluorescent staining, the localization of keratin polypeptides in the epidermis of the larval (ammocoete) sea lamprey, Petromyzon marinus L., is described. Immunostaining with monoclonal antibodies against human keratin polypeptides showed that immunoreactivity was distributed in a cell type-specific pattern among the epidermal cells of ammocoete skin: immunoreactivity for keratin polypeptides Nos. 7 and 18 was prominent in skein and granular cells, respectively, while that for keratin polypeptide No. 19 was in cytoplasmic regions near the plasma membrane of both specialized (skein, granular, and mucous) and germinal cells. Positive immunostaining with a polyclonal antibody against bovine keratins suggests that there are other, as yet unidentified, keratin polypeptides in the epidermis. The significance of keratins as molecular markers of epidermal development is discussed.

In vitro evidence for sodium-dependent pH regulation in sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) red blood cells

1992 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 411-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce L. Tufts
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Ph Regulation ◽  
Petromyzon Marinus ◽  
Sea Lamprey ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Tension ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Sodium Dependent

Factors influencing the pH of sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) erythrocytes were examined in vitro. The absence of extracellular Na+ caused a significant reduction in the erythrocyte pH. In addition, the protonophore 2,4-dinitrophenol was capable of reducing the erythrocyte pH when it was dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide. In the presence of ouabain, a step increase in the carbon dioxide tension caused a large increase in the intracellular Na+ concentration, but the rate of increase was considerably reduced after the 1st hour. Even in the absence of ouabain, however, the intracellular Na+ concentration in erythrocytes equilibrated with 3% CO2 is much greater than that in erythrocytes equilibrated with 0.2% CO2. Together, these results suggest that Na+-dependent H+ movements, possibly Na+–H+ exchange, may have an important role in erythrocyte pH regulation in P. marinus. Moreover, the mechanism appears to be stimulated by the decrease in extracellular or erythrocyte pH associated with the increase in [Formula: see text]. Extracellular Na+ also has a significant impact on the CO2-transport properties of P. marinus blood. In the absence of extracellular Na+, the intracellular total CO2 concentration was significantly reduced, whereas extracellular total CO2 concentration, [Formula: see text], was significantly increased. Furthermore, in the no-Na+ saline, [Formula: see text] became dependent on the hematocrit; an increase in the number of erythrocytes resulted in an increase in [Formula: see text]. This result suggests that the erythrocyte membrane of P. marinus may be permeable to [Formula: see text].

Blood cell destruction in the opisthonephric kidney of the sea lamprey, Petromyzon marinus L.

1971 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 962-963 ◽  
Author(s):  
John H. Youson
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Petromyzon Marinus ◽  
Sea Lamprey ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Cell Destruction

Electron microscopic observations reveal that blood cells are engulfed by macrophages within interstitial sinusoids of the opisthonephric kidneys of larval and adult Petromyzon marinus. Therefore the kidneys represent one site where blood cell destruction may occur in this animal.

Role of Physical Barriers in the Control of Sea Lamprey (Petromyzon marinus)

1980 ◽  
Vol 37 (11) ◽  
pp. 2118-2122 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. B. Hunn ◽  
W. D. Youngs
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Control ◽  
Petromyzon Marinus ◽  
Sea Lamprey ◽  
Upper Great Lakes ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Control Approach ◽  
Physical Barriers ◽  
Barrier Dam ◽  
Burst Swimming ◽  
Spawning Run

Mechanical and electromechanical barriers played a significant role in the initial attempts to control sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) populations in the upper Great Lakes. More recently electromechanical weirs have been used to assess the relative abundance of spawning-run sea lampreys in Lake Superior. Development of an integrated control approach to sea lamprey control has stimulated an ongoing research program to define structural and/or velocity criteria that can be used to design barrier dams that block spawning runs of sea lamprey.Key words: sea lamprey, Petromyzon marinus; physical barriers, burst swimming speed, barrier dam criteria

scholarly journals Implications of DPP4 modification of proteins that regulate stem/progenitor and more mature cell types

Blood ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 122 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuan Ou ◽  
Heather A. O’Leary ◽  
Hal E. Broxmeyer
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cells ◽  
Progenitor Cell ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Regulatory Proteins ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Mature Cell ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem

Abstract Dipeptidylpeptidase (DPP) 4 has the potential to truncate proteins with a penultimate alanine, proline, or other selective amino acids at the N-terminus. DPP4 truncation of certain chemokines, colony-stimulating factors, and interleukins have recently been linked to regulation of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells, more mature blood cells, and other cell types. We believe that the potential role of DPP4 in modification of many regulatory proteins, and their subsequent effects on numerous stem/progenitor and other cell-type functions has not been adequately appreciated. This review addresses the potential implications of the modifying effects of DPP4 on a large number of cytokines and other growth-regulating factors with either proven or putative DPP4 truncation sites on hematopoietic cells, and subsequent effects of DPP4-truncated proteins on multiple aspects of steady-state and stressed hematopoiesis, including stem/progenitor cell, and more mature cell, function.

Changes in Spawning Runs of Sea Lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) in Selected Streams of Lake Superior after Chemical Control

1980 ◽  
Vol 37 (11) ◽  
pp. 1851-1860 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. H. Moore ◽  
L. P. Schleen
Keyword(s):  
Great Lakes ◽  
Chemical Treatment ◽  
Chemical Control ◽  
Lake Superior ◽  
Petromyzon Marinus ◽  
Sea Lamprey ◽  
Spawning Migration ◽  
Habitat Alteration ◽  
Sea Lampreys ◽  
Spawning Run

During lampricide treatment of a stream, sea lamprey, Petromyzon marinus, that will constitute the spawning run the following spring inhabit the Great Lakes and are not affected by the treatment. However, the number of adults captured at electrical barriers declined as much as 99% in some streams 1 year after chemical treatment. Large declines of adults were noted in streams which were treated late in the year. Streams in which significant populations of larval lampreys survived the chemical treatment, or contained lentic populations, continued to attract adults. Adult sea lampreys could be attracted to sea lamprey ammocoetes in streams or in offshore areas and hence use this as one of a number of clues to determine rivers suitable for spawning.Key words: sea lamprey, olfaction, orientation/homing, spawning migration, habitat alteration (chemical), Petromyzon marinus, lampricides

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