Demographic consequences of artificial selection at the LAP locus in voles (Microtus townsendii)
A number of studies on small mammals have shown that changes in the frequency of alleles at polymorphic loci are correlated with population fluctuations. To determine whether the genetic composition of a population affected its density changes, we altered gene frequencies in two field populations of the vole Microtus townsendii. The fast allele, LAPF, was present in a control population at a frequency of about 35% from July 1971 to July 1973. By removing homozygous LAPS/LAPS voles from one experimental population we maintained an LAPF frequency of about 75%. Removal of LAPF/LAPF homozygotes from a second population resulted in an LAPF frequency of about 25%. We monitored demographic variables of the populations while the selection was being applied. The populations went through increasing and peak phases and then declined sharply during the spring of 1973. Different genotypes had an advantage in survival and reproduction during different phases of population density on the control area, and the selection that maintained the polymorphism on the control area could be correlated with population density. The altered allelic frequencies on the experimental areas did not produce any consistent effects on demography.