Growth dynamics in Sphaerium rhomboideum (Bivalvia: Pisidiidae)

1983 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 868-873 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. L. Mackie ◽  
L. A. Flippance
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Strategy ◽  
Growth Dynamics ◽  
Calcium Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Allometric Relationship ◽  
Dormant Period ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Total Dry Weight ◽  
Curvilinear Relationships

Analyses of growth in shell dimensions and weight of Sphaerium rhomboideum from two permanent ponds showed that width has a positive allometric relationship with length and height of the shell. This results in an increase in interior shell volume that is significantly correlated with the increase in space required by developing larvae. The ovoviviparous habit of S. rhomboideum also explains most of the curvilinear relationships between clam length and total dry weight and between clam calcium content and length and weight of adults. An iteroparous reproductive strategy is shown to be dependent upon both a positive allometric relationship between larval and parent shell lengths and birth of the cohort during or immediately before an active growing period. If birth of the cohort occurs immediately before a dormant period, semelparity will occur no matter what type of allometric relationship is obtained between larval and adult shell lengths.

scholarly journals Use of Belowground Growing Degree Days to Predict Rooting of Dormant Hardwood Cuttings of Populus

2004 ◽  
Vol 53 (1-6) ◽  
pp. 154-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. Zalesny ◽  
E. O. Bauer ◽  
D. E. Riemenschneider
Keyword(s):  
Populus Deltoides ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growing Degree Days ◽  
Base Temperature ◽  
Degree Days ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Period 2 ◽  
Soil Temperatures ◽  
Total Dry Weight

Abstract Planting Populus cuttings based on calendar days neglects soil temperature extremes and does not promote rooting based on specific genotypes. Our objectives were to: 1) test the biological efficacy of a thermal index based on belowground growing degree days (GDD) across the growing period, 2) test for interactions between belowground GDD and clones, and 3) identify beneficial planting windows based on combinations of genotypes and belowground GDD. We tested two clones of Populus deltoides Bartr. ex Marsh (D133, D134) and four hybrid clones of P. deltoides × P. maximowiczii A. Henry (DM101, DM105, NC14105, NC14107). Cuttings, 20 cm long, were planted in randomized complete blocks at 15- × 15-cm spacing across three planting dates during 1999 at Alexandria, Minnesota, USA (45.9°N, 95.4°W) and Fertile, Minnesota, USA (47.3°N, 96.2°W). Temperatures at 20 cm belowground were converted to GDD with a base temperature of 10°C. We measured root, top, and total dry weight, along with number of roots after 14 d of growth. Relatively warmer and cooler soil temperatures promoted rooting for the cottonwoods and hybrids, respectively. We recommend planting after reaching a threshold of 163 belowground GDD for P. deltoides clones and planting before reaching a threshold of 173 belowground GDD for P. deltoides × P. maximowiczii clones.

scholarly journals Growth and Development of the Main Greek Oriental Tobacco Cultivars

1989 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 177-187
Author(s):  
AG Sficas ◽  
IC Antoniou
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Cultivar Differences ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Yield Production ◽  
Logarithmic Curve ◽  
Sigmoid Curve ◽  
Height Increase ◽  
Total Dry Weight

AbstractGrowth and development of seven Oriental tobacco cultivars, representing aromatic, neutral and taste type tobacco grown in Greece, were studied at Drama, Greece, during 1982 and 1983. The growing period from transplanting to flowering ranged from 65 to 80 days and was the same for both years. plant height increase followed a sigmoid curve, the number of harvestable leaves developed almost linearly with time, and total dry weight production and leaf area increase can be described by a logarithmic curve. The effect of year on all parameters was significant, but cultivar differences were consistent. Assimilation rates during the whole period ranged from 0.1 g to 3.0 g per day per plant in 1982, and from 0.1 g to 2.7 g in 1983. Dry weight distribution in the plant parts and final yield production for the cultivars tested were also recorded.

scholarly journals Onion (Allium cepa L.) Yield and Growth Dynamics Response to In-Season Patterns of Nitrogen and Sulfur Uptake

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1146
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Przygocka-Cyna ◽  
Przemysław Barłóg ◽  
Witold Grzebisz ◽  
Tomasz Spiżewski
Keyword(s):  
N Uptake ◽  
Growth Dynamics ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Quadratic Growth ◽  
Total N ◽  
S Uptake ◽  
Allium Cepa L ◽  
Total Dry Weight ◽  
Dynamics Response

The in-season trend of onion biomass and its yield depend on the dynamics of nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S) uptake. This hypothesis was verified based on a three-year (2009, 2010, 2011) field study (Poznan University of Life Sciences). The experimental factors consisted of N: 0, 60, 120 and S: 0, 30, 60 kg ha−1. The dynamics of onion total dry weight (TDW), total N uptake (TNU), and total S uptake (TSU) were determined at 10-day intervals. The in-season course of TDW and TNU was best described by the expolinear and TSU by the quadratic growth model. Sulfur uptake increased in onion at day after emergence (DAE) 40, independent of its rate with respect to SN control, resulting in increased N by 50%, and consequently higher yield. The maximum absolute S uptake rate (SCm), a factor defining yield, increased progressively with the N rate, but only in the absence of S application. Plants fertilized simultaneously with S and N showed a more complicated impact on SCm. The N rate of 120 kg ha−1 resulted in SCm reduction, leading to a yield drop. The expolinear model indicated an onion growth disturbance, revealed under unfavorable growth conditions, leading to yield depression.

Calcium Nutrition and the Infection of Eucalypt Seedlings by Phytophthora cinnamomi

1980 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
DM Halsall
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Concentration ◽  
Phytophthora Cinnamomi ◽  
Calcium Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Total Calcium ◽  
Growth Reduction ◽  
Seedling Mortality ◽  
Water Culture ◽  
Calcium Nutrition ◽  
Total Dry Weight

In water culture with the pH maintained at 5.2. higher levels of calcium increased the dry weight of developing leaves, roots, and the total dry weight of eucalypt seedlings both susceptible ( E . Sieberi) and tolerant ( E . Maculata) to Phytophthora cinnamorni. Calcium levels of 64 ppm did not reduce seedling mortality nor relieve the growth reduction associated with P. cinnamomi infection in the susceptible seedlings. The calcium concentration and total calcium content of developing leaves of E. sieberi were significantly lower in inoculated than in uninoculated seedlings. In the tolerant E. maculata seedlings, there was no significant reduction in developing leaf or total dry weight with inoculation, but a reduction in root dry weight occurred. Calcium concentrations and total calcium content did not differ significantly in leaves of inoculated and uninoculated seedlings of E. maculata.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF DRY MATTER PRODUCTION OF MISCANTHUS SINENSIS (TATAI) IN THE CONDITIONS OF SOUTH-WESTERN SLOVAKIA

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 55-58
Author(s):  
Martin Prčík ◽  
Marián Kotrla
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Miscanthus Sinensis ◽  
Aboveground Phytomass ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
The Third ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Number Of Stems ◽  
Total Dry Weight

Abstract In this paper, we present the results of research of phytomass production allocated to aboveground organs, leaves and stalks, after the third growing year. The research was conducted in the field experiment conditions of Farm holding in Kolíňany. The results of the aboveground dry matter production are expressed in tonnes of dry weight produced on the area of one hectare (t.ha-1). The total dry weight of the aboveground biomass was 6.89 t.ha-1 at the end of the first growing year 2010. In the growing year 2011, it reached 15.21 t.ha-1 (an increase by 121 %.) The total dry weight of the aboveground phytomass increased by 37% compared to 2011, and it reached 20.82 t.ha-1 in the third growing year (2012). The increase of phytomass is directly proportional to off shoot circle. Average off shoot circle of individuals in the first growing year was 300 mm and the average number of stems produced in a clump was 37.60. In 2011, the average off shoot circle of individuals was 502 mm and there were 43.73 stems created in a clump. In the third growing period of 2013, the extension of the off shoot circle by 113.7% (641 mm) was registered in comparison with 2010 and the amount of 80.19 stems per clump was recorded.

scholarly journals Phenology and growth of lulo (Solanum quitoense Lam) plants grafted onto Solanum hirtum Vahl.

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 291-300
Author(s):  
Hernando Criollo-Escobar ◽  
Mario-Fernando Moncayo-Palacios ◽  
Tulio César Lagos-Burbano
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Growth Dynamics ◽  
Growth Index ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
International Markets ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Nutritional Characteristics ◽  
Total Dry Weight ◽  
Functional Analyses

Lulo (Solanum quitoense) is a promising Andean fruit tree that is highly valued in international markets because of its nutritional characteristics, flavor, aroma, and high content of vitamins A and C with antioxidant properties. However, certain sanitary problems, such as Fusarium oxysporum and soil nematodes, pose challenges to the competitiveness of lulo crops. Cultivating lulo plants grafted onto resistant patterns, such as S. hirtum, is a plausible solution to these sanitary issues; so, determining the behavior of grafted plants is relevant. In this study, the phenology and growth dynamics of grafted lulo plants were evaluated with functional analyses based on thermal time (degree days-DD). Completion of the vegetative phase of the lulo required 561 DD from planting to the onset of flower bud sprouting, 715 DD to reach anthesis, 801 DD for fruit set, and a cumulative total of 2,464 DD to reach fruit ripening. The functional analyses showed that Richards’s model fit the dynamics of the growth variables (height, leaf area index, crop growth index, total dry weight, leaf dry weight, and stem dry weight). Of the total plant dry biomass, 39.7% corresponded to the stems, 33.8% was from the fruits, 15.54% was from the leaves, 10.56% was from the roots, and 0.4% was from the flowers. The yield was not affected by the grafting process of lulo S. quitoense onto S. hirtum stocks; on the contrary, the crop population and productivity were maintained for a longer time.

BIOASSAY OF PROLACTIN

1969 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles S. Nicoll
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Lipid Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Assay Sensitivity ◽  
Mucosal Epithelium ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
Total Dry Weight

ABSTRACT The response of the pigeon crop-sac to systemically acting prolactin (injected subcutaneously) was evaluated by measuring the wet weight of the responsive lateral lobes of the organ and by determining the dry weight of a 4 cm diameter disc of mucosal epithelium taken from one hemicrop. Of several different injection schedules tested, administration of prolactin in four daily injections was found to yield optimal responses. When compared with a graded series of prolactin doses, measurement of the mucosal dry weight proved to be a better method of response quantification than determination of the crop-sac wet weight with respect to both assay sensitivity and precision. The submucosal tissue of the crop-sac was estimated to constitute about 64 % of the total dry weight of the unstimulated organ and it was found to be relatively unresponsive to prolactin stimulation in comparison with the mucosa. The lipid content of the mucosal epithelium was determined using unstimulated crop-sacs or tissues which showed varying degrees of prolactin-induced proliferation. The fat content of the mucosal epithelial cells increased only slightly more rapidly than the dry weight or the defatted dry weight of the mucosa. Suggestions are made for the further improvement of the systemic crop-sac assay for prolactin.

Impact of an Open Trellis on Canopy Growth, Light Interception, Yield, and Leaf Physiology of Red Raspberry (Rubus idaeus)

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 468b-468
Author(s):  
Stephen F. Klauer ◽  
J. Scott Cameron ◽  
Chuhe Chen
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Light Interception ◽  
Rubus Idaeus ◽  
Above Ground Biomass ◽  
Red Raspberry ◽  
Leaf Physiology ◽  
Total Dry Weight ◽  
Upper Third

After promising results were obtained with an open-style split trellis (two top wires) in its initial year, two new trials were established in 1997 in northwest (Lynden) and southwest (Woodland) Washington. For the split trellis, actual yields were 33% (machine-picked 1/2 season) and 17% (hand-picked) greater, respectively, for the two locations compared to the conventional trellis (one top wire). In Woodland, canes from the split trellis had 33% more berries, 55% more laterals, 69% more leaves, and 25% greater leaf area compared with the conventional trellis. Greatest enhancement of these components was in the upper third of the canopy. Laterals were also shorter in this area of the split canopy, but there was no difference in average total length of lateral/cane between trellis types. Total dry weight/cane was 22% greater in the split trellis, but component partitioning/cane was consistent between the two systems with fruit + laterals (43%) having the greatest above-ground biomass, followed by the stem (30% to 33%) and the leaves (21% to 22%). Measurement of canopy width, circumference, and light interception showed that the split-trellis canopy filled in more quickly, and was larger from preanthesis through postharvest. Light interception near the top of the split canopy was 30% greater 1 month before harvest with 98% interception near the top and middle of that canopy. There was no difference between the trellis types in leaf CO2 assimilation, spectra, or fluorescence through the fruiting season, or in total nitrogen of postharvest primocane leaves.

Purification of Pisciculture Waters through Cultivation and Harvesting of Aquatic Biomass

1987 ◽  
Vol 19 (10) ◽  
pp. 113-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Simeon ◽  
M. Silhol
Keyword(s):  
Aquatic Macrophyte ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Final Decision ◽  
Effluent Water ◽  
Aquatic Biomass ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
European Climate ◽  
Nuclear Plants ◽  
Economical Optimization ◽  
Water Hyacinths

The study of thermal wastes from the nuclear plants around Pierrelatte for agricultural, piscicultural, energy and environmental protection purposes resulted in the establishment of a pilot facility as early as 1976. An aquatic macrophyte pilot facility has been operational since 1983 to study the use of water hyacinths from the aspects of energy and ecology. The results obtained suggest that production yields for the 7 month growing period should exceed 60 metric tons (MT) (dry weight) per hectare in a European climate, and that such crops can feasibly be cultivated in temperate regions. The pilot facility is supplied with pisciculture effluent water, making it possible to quantify the stabilization power of the plants. Without primary decantation, with a retention time of 4 days and stabilization with water hyacinths only, the organic matter waste pond surface area required is 3.5 m2/m2 of pisciculture pond. Any primary or secondary facilities will lead to a reduction of these areas. The final decision will depend on the economical optimization of all the wastewater.

scholarly journals Vegetative and Reproductive Response to Fruit Load in Two Jojoba (Simmondsia chinensis) Cultivars

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 889
Author(s):  
Aviad Perry ◽  
Noemi Tel-Zur ◽  
Arnon Dag
Keyword(s):  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Accumulation Rate ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Lower Amount ◽  
Simmondsia Chinensis ◽  
Alternate Bearing ◽  
Fruit Removal ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Fruit Load

Jojoba (Simmondsia chinensis) is a wax crop cultivated mainly in arid and semi-arid regions. This crop has been described as an alternate-bearing plant, meaning that it has a high-yield year (“on-year”) followed by a low-yield year (“off-year”). We investigated the effect of fruit load on jojoba’s vegetative and reproductive development. For two consecutive years, we experimented with two high-yielding cultivars—Benzioni and Hazerim—which had opposite fruit loads, i.e., one was under an on-year load, while the other was under an off-year load simultaneously. We found that removing the developing fruit from the shoot during an off-year promotes further vegetative growth in the same year, whereas in an on-year, this action has no effect. Moreover, after fruit removal in an on-year, there was a delay in vegetative growth renewal in the consecutive year, suggesting that the beginning of the growing period is dependent on the previous year’s yield load. We found that seed development in the 2018 season started a month earlier than in the 2017 season in both cultivars, regardless of fruit load. This early development was associated with higher wax content in the seeds. Hence, the wax accumulation rate, as a percentage of dry weight, was affected by year and not by fruit load. However, on-year seeds stopped growing earlier than off-year seeds, resulting in smaller seeds and an overall lower amount of wax per seed.

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