Causes and functions of brood amalgamation in Barrow's Goldeneye and Bufflehead

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (6) ◽  
pp. 1548-1553 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Pierre L. Savard
Keyword(s):  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Brood Size ◽  
Duckling Survival ◽  
Bucephala Islandica ◽  
Female Survival ◽  
Territorial Boundaries ◽  
Brood Amalgamation

I recorded 42 cases of brood amalgamation in Barrow's Goldeneye (Bucephala islandica) and 31 cases in Bufflehead (B. albeola). In four witnessed brood encounters, there was no evidence of behaviour facilitating brood amalgamation in either the young or the female. Females did not attempt to steal other females' young but rather tried to chase them away or even kill them. Females abandoned their young only after violent fights and often made several attempts to regain them. Brood encounters had various outcomes: (i) establishment of territorial boundaries, (ii) expulsion from lake, (iii) death of young, (iv) complete or partial brood amalgamation. In 3 years of observations there was no significant relationship between brood size and duckling survival. I contend that brood amalgamation in Barrow's Goldeneye and in Bufflehead has not evolved as an adaptation to increase young and (or) female survival but that it is simply an accidental outcome of territorial aggressiveness.

scholarly journals Nesting Biology of Mallards in West-central Illinois

2009 ◽  
Vol 39 (1-6) ◽  
pp. 1-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron P. Yetter ◽  
Joshua D. Stafford ◽  
Christopher S. Hine ◽  
Matthew W. Bowyer ◽  
Stephen P. Havera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Brood Size ◽  
Nest Success ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Nesting Biology ◽  
Duckling Survival ◽  
West Central ◽  
Female Survival ◽  
Population Maintenance ◽  
Central Illinois

The number of Mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) breeding in Illinois and eastern North America has increased in recent decades; however, few studies have investigated the nesting biology of Mallards outside primary production areas. Therefore, we radiomarked resident female Mallards (n = 148) in west-central Illinois during 1998–2003 to assess nesting parameters and evaluate recruitment. Mean initiation date for first nests ranged from 22 April to 6 May, and the majority (75%) of nests were initiated by 20 May. Therefore, the majority of nests were predicted to hatch by 24 June. The nesting season averaged 88 days (range: 77–103 days). The proportion of unsuccessful females that renested ranged from 50.0–85.7%, and adults were more likely to renest (75.0%) than yearlings (48.0%). Nest success ranged from 9.8–33.3% and was 19.6% overall; hen success was 28.3%. Initial brood size was 8.2 ± 0.3 ducklings, but brood size declined to 3.0 ± 0.6 ducklings by 17 days posthatch. Brood survival to 20 days was 0.759 ± 0.081, and 20-day duckling survival was 0.413 ± 0.035. Female survival during spring-summer ranged from 0.546–1.00 and averaged 0.710 ± 0.096. Likewise, estimated Mallard recruitment varied annually (range: 0.302–0.672 female ducklings/female). Assuming constant female and duckling survival, we estimated that a recruitment rate of 0.613 female ducklings/adult female was necessary to maintain a stable Mallard breeding population in west-central Illinois. Estimated Mallard reproduction and recruitment was similar to that observed in other areas of North America. Nest success and hen success approached or exceeded estimated thresholds for population stability in most years; however, hen success averaged over the study period was insufficient for local population maintenance and growth. Female survival was comparable to that observed in other studies but may have limited population growth in some years. Duckling survival was sufficient for population maintenance. Management designed to enhance hen success and brood habitat may augment Mallard recruitment in west-central Illinois.

Brood Division and Parental Care in the Period Between Fledging and Independence in the Dunnock (Prunella Modularis)

Behaviour ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 113 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 1-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip A.F. Byle
Keyword(s):  
Parental Care ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Brood Size ◽  
Female Offspring ◽  
Male Offspring ◽  
Dominant Male ◽  
Territory Quality ◽  
Extra Food ◽  
Brood Division ◽  
Males And Females

Abstract1. Brood division was observed in 12 out of the 21 broods of dunnocks. It was stable over the whole period of fledging to independence. 2. Undivided broods were significantly more likely to occur earlier in the season than divided broods. 3. Brood size had no significant effect on the age at which chicks reached independence. 4. The weight (on day 6) of chicks in undivided broods influenced the age at which they reached independence, but no significant relationship was found in divided broods. 5. The provision of extra food significantly reduced the age at which fledglings reached independence, indicating that territory quality may affect the timing of independence. The effects of extra food on brood division were unclear. 6. There was no differential splitting of the brood between the dominant male and the female in polyandry and polygynandry or between a monogamous male and his female. Males and females fed the chicks at similar rates. 7. Beta males who had helped to feed the nestlings were more likely to continue to help feed fledglings in larger broods. 8. There was a tendency for male parents to care for male offspring and female parents to care for female offspring.

Brood size manipulation in mallard ducks: Effects on duckling survival and brooding efficiency

Ecoscience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 437-445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elston H. Dzus ◽  
Robert G. Clark
Keyword(s):  
Brood Size ◽  
Brood Size Manipulation ◽  
Duckling Survival

The Effect of Drought on Duckling Survival of Maned Ducks

1989 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 405 ◽  
Author(s):  
RT Kingsford
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Brood Size ◽  
Timing Of Breeding ◽  
Hatch Date ◽  
Seasonal Differences ◽  
Probability Of Survival ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Duckling Survival ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Brood Surveys

Regular brood surveys on a population of maned ducks, Chenonetta jubata, in south-eastern Australia provided information on the timing of breeding, brood sizes, duckling survival and production for this species. Over three years (1981-83), most breeding was during the spring, ducklings hatching between late August and late November. Some autumn (March-May) breeding also occurred. Timing of breeding appeared to be more closely related to the abundance of food than to rainfall alone. There were clear differences in reproductive success between the drought year of 1982 and the two years of similar weather, 1981 and 1983. Breeding began later in 1982, with a mean hatch date of 18 � 5.1 November, compared with 7 � 3.6 October in 1981 and 21 � 5.1 September in 1983. Broods hatched over 43 days in 1982 compared with 69 days in 1981 and 101 days in 1983. Also, duckling survival was lowest in 1982, with about a 20% probability of survival to fledging compared with 89% in 1981 and 82% in 1983. Only six broods were found in 1982 compared with 33 in 1981 and 30 in 1983. An estimated 158 and 176 ducklings survived to fledging compared with seven in 1982. Brood sizes at hatching did not show the same clear annual differences. In 1981 and 1983 there were seasonal differences in brood size at hatching. Broods were smaller late in the season (4.1) compared with early (7.2) and mid-season (7.2). Broods were also larger in 1983 (7.2) than in 1981 (5.4). Brood size at hatching in 1982 was 6.0.

The Effects of Significant International Sports Events on Hungarian Suicide Rates

Crisis ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 148-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karoly Bozsonyi ◽  
Peter Osvath ◽  
Sandor Fekete ◽  
Lajos Bálint
Keyword(s):  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Olympic Games ◽  
Arima Model ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Intervention Analysis ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Sports Events ◽  
Sport Events ◽  
The Olympic Games

Abstract. Background: Several studies found a significant relationship between important sport events and suicidal behavior. Aims: We set out to investigate whether there is a significant relationship between the raw suicide rate and the most important international sports events (Olympic Games, FIFA World Cup, UEFA European Championship) in such an achievement-oriented society as the Hungarian one, where these sport events receive great attention. Method: We examined suicide cases occurring over 15,706 days between January 1, 1970, and December 31, 2012 (43 years), separately for each gender. Because of the age-specific characteristics of suicide, the effects of these sport events were analyzed for the middle-aged (30–59 years old) and the elderly (over 60 years old) generations as well as for gender-specific population groups. The role of international sport events was examined with the help of time-series intervention analysis after cyclical and seasonal components were removed. Intervention analysis was based on the ARIMA model. Results: Our results showed that only the Olympic Games had a significant effect in the middle-aged population. Neither in the older male nor in any of the female age groups was a relationship between suicide and Olympic Games detected. Conclusion: The Olympic Games seem to decrease the rate of suicide among middle-aged men, slightly but significantly.

The Draw-A-Person Test and Body Image

2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan E. Handelzalts ◽  
Yael Ben-Artzy-Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Image ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Diet Group ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Body Image Scale ◽  
Healthy Female

The Draw-A-Person (DAP) test has been the center of a long-lasting debate regarding its validity. This study investigated the DAP indices of height, width (size), and inclusion/omission of details and their relation to body image as measured by a self-report scale (Gray’s body image scale) and manifested by the diet behaviors and body mass index of 55 healthy female students. Although the drawings of the diet group were smaller, there was no significant relationship between figure size and diet behaviors. However, body image as measured by a self-report scale did result in significant differences between groups. Moreover, there was a significant correlation between the size of the figure drawn and body image as measured by a self-report scale (larger figures correlated with better body image). No significant results were found for the omission/inclusion indices of the DAP. These results are discussed in light of previous findings regarding the DAP.

Predicting the Dose of Warfarin for Therapeutic Anticoagulation

1982 ◽  
Vol 47 (03) ◽  
pp. 230-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
N K Sharma ◽  
P A Routledge ◽  
M D Rawlins ◽  
D M Davies
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Range ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Maintenance Dose ◽  
Warfarin Dose ◽  
Loading Dose ◽  
Intravenous Injections ◽  
Therapeutic Anticoagulation ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Anticoagulant Response

SummaryThe validity of a previously described technique for predicting warfarin requirements based on the anticoagulant response to a fixed loading dose was assessed prospectively in 57 patients. There was a close relationship between the predicted and initially observed daily warfarin dose required to maintain the patient within the therapeutic range for anticoagulation. The significant relationship between predicted and observed maintenance dose persisted at 4 and 12 weeks although it decreased with increasing time.The relationship between observed and predicted maintenance requirement of warfarin was not affected by the concomitant use of intermittent intravenous injections of heparin when 9 hr was allowed to elapse between the previous dose of heparin and the thrombotest estimation on which the prediction was based.It is concluded that the method is valuable in predicting an individual’s warfarin requirement, although it does not obviate the need for regular monitoring of anticoagulant control.

Pengaruh Kecerdasan Emosional Dan Kecerdasan Spiritual Pada Kepuasan Kerja Yang Berdampak Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan PT. Madu Baru Bantul, Yogyakarta

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-29
Author(s):  
Erlangga Arya Mandala ◽  
Faresti Nurdiana Dihan
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Emotional Intelligence ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Quantitative Method ◽  
Employee Performance ◽  
Spiritual Intelligence ◽  
Employee Job Satisfaction

The Emotional intelligence, spiritual intelligence and job satisfaction to be part of the factors that influence performance. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of emotional intelligence and spiritual intelligence on the performance through job satisfaction as an intervening variable partially and simultaneously. This study also aimed to determine the effect of emotional intelligence and spiritual intelligence on the performance through job satisfaction as an intervening variable directly and indirectly. This study was conducted to 77 respondents employees of PT. Madu Baru, Yogyakarta. The research method used is quantitative method uses statistical analysis and descriptive. The results of this study are (1) there is a significant effect of emotional intelligence on employee job satisfaction. (2) there is a significant influence of spiritual intelligence on employee job satisfaction. (3) There is a significant relationship between emotional intelligence and spiritual intelligence on job satisfaction. (4) There is a significant relationship between emotional intelligence on employee performance. (5) There is a significant relationship between spiritual intelligence on employee performance. (6) There is a significant relationship between emotional intelligence and spiritual intelligence on employee performance. (7) There is a significant relationship between job satisfaction on employee performance. (8) There is an indirect effect of emotional intelligence on the performance of employees through job satisfaction. (9) There is the indirect influence of spiritual intelligence on the performance of employees through job satisfaction. Keywords: emotional intelligence, spiritual intelligence, job satisfaction and employee performance

Pengaruh konsep diri, self efficacy dan motivasi terhadap Learning outcome mata pelajaran Aqidah Akhlak di kelas XI MA Pacet Mojokerto

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
Happy Ikmal
Keyword(s):  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Regression Coefficient ◽  
T Test ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Working Hypothesis ◽  
Calculation Results ◽  
The Right

Teaching and learning activities is a conscious activity and aims. Therefore, for these activities can be run well and achieve the expected goals, it must be done with the strategy or the right learning approach .. The purpose of this study were: 1) to describe the influence of Self-Concept on the results of studying chemistry at Class XI MA Pacet Mojokerto. 2) Describe the effect of self-efficacy on Learning outcomes chemistry in Class XI MA Pacet Mojokerto 3) Describe the effect of motivation on Learning outcomes chemistry in Class XI MA Pacet Mojokerto 4) Describe the relationship Self-concept, self-efficacy and motivation to Results studied chemistry at Class XI MA Pacet Mojokerto. From the results of the analysis can be summarized as follows: 1) There is a significant relationship between self-concept of the Learning outcomes chemistry inquiry model. T test against self-concept variables (X1) obtained regression coefficient (B) 0.440 (44.0%), coefficient (Beta) 0.091, tcount of 0.378 with significance 0.006 t. Because of the significance of t less than 5% (0.007 <0.05), the Nil Hypothesis (H0) is rejected and working hypothesis (Hi) is received. 2) There is a significant relationship between self-efficacy toward chemistry Learning outcomes inquiry model. T test for Self-efficacy variable (X2) obtained regression coefficient (B) 0.329 (32.9%), coefficient (Beta) 0.124, tcount of 0.436 with a significance of 0.009 t. Because of the significance of t less than 5% (0.008 <0.05), the Nil Hypothesis (H0) is rejected and working hypothesis (Hi) is received. 3) There is a significant relationship between motivation to learn chemistry results inquiry model. T test for motivation variable (X3) obtained regression coefficient (B) 0.130 (13.0%), coefficient (Beta) 0.065, tcount of 0.230 with a significance of 0.001 t. Because of the significance of t less than 5% (0.001 <0.05), the Nil Hypothesis (H0) is rejected and working hypothesis (Hi) received 4) From the calculation results obtained Fhitung value 2,249 (significance F = 0.001). So Fhitung> F table (2,249> 2:03) or Sig F <5% (0.001 <0.05). It means that together independent variables consisting of variable self-concept (X1), Self-efficacy (X2), motivation (X3) simultaneously to variable results of studying chemistry (Y).

Protective factors and its relationship with the beginning of sexual relations in Teenagers in the Educational Private Institution Señor de la Misericordia, Salaverry

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Gloria Julca Flores
Keyword(s):  
Family Functioning ◽  
Protective Factors ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Sexual Relations ◽  
Functional Level ◽  
Private Institution ◽  
Life Project

The present research had as objective to determine the protective factors: Self-esteem level, life project and family functioning and its relation with the beginning of the sexual relations in Teenagers of Educational Private Institution Señor de la Misericordia, Salaverry, 2014. The procedure followed in the investigation was to identify the protective factors: Self-esteem level, life project and family functioning and its relation with the beginning of having sex in Teenagers in the Educational Private Institution Señor de la Misericordia, Salaverry. Also described the beginning of having sex in Teenagers of Educational Private Institution Señor de la Misericordia, Salaverry. The following were the most significant results of the study: Average Self-esteem Level (88.7%), Established Life Project (95.2%), Family Functional Level: Moderately Functional (43.5%) and Functional (54.8%), 35.5% of Teenagers in the study had sex. In addition, no significant relationship was found between the level of self-esteem, life project and level of family functioning perceived with the beginning of having sex in Teenagers of Educational Private Institution Señor de la Misericordia – Salaverry.

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