EFFECT OF AN INTRAPERITONEAL INJECTION OF Ca-DTPA AND Zn-DTPA ON ESSENTIAL TRACE METAL CONCENTRATIONS IN RAT PLASMA

1995 ◽  
Vol 05 (01) ◽  
pp. 27-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. SATO ◽  
N. MATSUSAKA ◽  
H. KOBAYASHI ◽  
T. SUZUKI ◽  
K. SERA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fetal Death ◽  
Rat Plasma ◽  
The Other ◽  
Plasma Samples ◽  
Plasma Zinc ◽  
Essential Metals ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Metal Concentrations ◽  
Iron Copper ◽  
Calcium Iron

Ca-DTPA and Zn-DTPA were injected intraperitoneally into rats with a dose of 30 or 300 µmol/kg. The blood was collected from the tail vein just before the injection, 3, 6 and 24 hours after the injection. and centrifuged 10 separate the plasma. These plasma samples were analyzed by PIXE at Nishina Memorial Cyclotron Center. Sodium, potassium, calcium, iron, copper and zinc were detected in the plasma. Ca-DTPA significantly lowered the concentration of zinc, while no significant changes were observed in the other metals. Zn-DTPA did not lower any metal concentrations, but a significant increase of plasma zinc was observed. In conclusion, Ca-DTPA was confirmed to induce hypozincemia, which may be the cause of fetal injuries such as abortion, fetal death and malformation. Zn-DTPA was suggested not to induce any deficiencies of essential metals.

Testing your metal: An exhibition of the metals which our body must have

1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Emsley
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
The Other ◽  
Healthy Living ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Metal Elements ◽  
Iron Copper ◽  
Average Person ◽  
Sodium And Potassium ◽  
Average Adult

Ask people which metals are essential for healthy living and I suspect most would say zinc and iron. Some might mention sodium and potassium, although sodium is often regarded as something deleterious to healthy living; and a few people will know that calcium is a metal also, and important. In fact the human body needs fourteen metal elements to function properly. But for every metal that we do need, there is another that our body contains that we could well do without. These metals serve no known purpose, but they come with the food we eat, the water we drink, and the air we breathe and our body absorbs them, mistaking them for more useful elements. As a result we find that the average adult contains measurable amounts of aluminium, barium, cadmium, caesium, lead, silver and strontium. There are also trace amounts of many others, including gold and uranium. Because strontium so closely resembles calcium we absorb a lot of this element, and the average person has about 320 mg in their body, far more than of many of the essential elements. On the other hand the weight of gold in the average person is only 7 mg, worth but a few pence, and the weight of uranium is only 0.07 mg, although turned into pure energy this could drive your car for five kilometres. Our body tends to retain these unwanted intruders either in our skeleton, as in the case of uranium which has a special propensity to bind to phosphate, or in our liver which has proteins that can trap metals like gold. The table below lists the amounts of the essential 14 metals in the average adult—someone who weighs 70 kg (155 pounds). As we would expect, calcium heads the list because, along with phosphate, it is what makes up the bones of our skeleton, which weighs 9 kg on average. Of this, i kg is calcium and 2.5 kg is phosphate. In fact 99% of the body's calcium and 85% of its phosphate is in the skeleton. Bone also contains water and the protein collagen, plus the elements sodium, potassium, iron, copper and chlorine.

LC–MS/MS Determination of Apigenin in Rat Plasma and Application to Pharmacokinetic Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shixing Zhu ◽  
Jiayuan Zhang ◽  
Zhihua Lv ◽  
Mingming Yu
Keyword(s):  
Formic Acid ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Study ◽  
Ammonium Acetate ◽  
Rat Plasma ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Plasma Samples ◽  
Supply Rate ◽  
Natural Plant ◽  
Ammonium Acetate Buffer

Background: Apigenin, a natural plant flavone, has been shown to possess a variety of biological properties. Objective: In this report, a highly selective and sensitive LC-MS/MS method was developed and validated for the determination of apigenin in rat plasma. Methods: Analysts were separated on the HSS T3 column (1.8 μm 2.1×100 mm) using acetonitrile and 0.1% formic acid in 2 mM ammonium acetate buffer at a supply rate of 0.200 mL/min as eluent in gradient model. Results: Plasma samples were treated by protein precipitation using acetonitrile for the recovery ranging from 86.5% to 90.1% for apigenin. The calibration curves followed linearity in the concentration range of 0.50-500 ng/mL. The inter-day and intra-day precisions at different QC levels within 13.1% and the accuracies ranged from -10.6% to 8.6%. Conclusion: The assay has been successfully applied to the pharmacokinetic study of apigenin in rats.

scholarly journals Ecological HPLC method for analyzing an antidiabetic drug in real rat plasma samples and studying the effects of concurrently administered fenugreek extract on its pharmacokinetics

RSC Advances ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 4740-4750
Author(s):  
Nada S. Abdelwahab ◽  
Amani Morsi ◽  
Yasmine M. Ahmed ◽  
Hossam M. Hassan ◽  
Asmaa M. AboulMagd
Keyword(s):  
Rat Plasma ◽  
Hplc Method ◽  
Diabetes Control ◽  
Plasma Samples ◽  
Antidiabetic Drug

The combination of fenugreek extract and metformin can be considered as an auspicious treatment for satisfactory diabetes control and minimizing the expected long-term complications of metformin.

scholarly journals Cubing Fabrication/Costing and Machine Performance on African Fermented Condiment Quality Attributes Compared with Commercial Bouillon Types

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 481
Author(s):  
Eunice O. Uzodinma ◽  
Chigozie F. Okoyeuzu ◽  
Nneka N. Uchegbu ◽  
Charles Odilichukwu R. Okpala ◽  
Waheed A. Rasaq ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Food Processing ◽  
Quality Attributes ◽  
The Other ◽  
Throughput Capacity ◽  
Quality Attribute ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Machine Performance ◽  
Calcium Iron ◽  
Carbohydrate Contents

Cubing machines in food processing have evolved over the years, which have made products like Star®, Knorr®, and Chicken® bouillon cubes become commercially available today, even in many parts of Africa. On the other hand, the fermented mesquite seed “okpeye” food condiment, traditionally produced by well-trained artisans and widely utilised in Nigeria, requires further product development in order to compete with bouillon cubes. Quality comparisons between the cubed “okpeye” condiment and commercially available bouillon cube products have not yet been reported. Therefore, cubing fabrication/costing and machine performance on African fermented “okpeye” condiment quality attributes, compared with commercial bouillon types, were done. The processing of mesquite seeds into the “okpeye” condiment resembled those of artisans. Bouillon cube products involved the Star®, Knorr®, and Chicken® types. Quality attributes involved proximate, micronutrient, phytochemical, and microbial aspects. Results showed that the throughput capacity of a cubing machine increased with an efficiency of 48 condiment cubes/min, forming properly without separation. Across all studied samples, the protein, ash, moisture, crude fat, crude fibre, and carbohydrate contents were in the range of 1.45–42.50%, 5.29–6.75%, 8.50–12.29%, 2.56–18.54%, 2.45–3.19%, and 18.16–25.56%, respectively. The protein, fat, moisture, calcium, iron, magnesium, and manganese contents of “okpeye” condiment were significantly higher (p < 0.05) than those of bouillon cubes. Fair amounts of vitamins B1, B2, B3, and E were found, with the “okpeye” condiment higher in vitamin E. Besides the flavonoids (0.12–0.18%), alkaloids (0.08–0.15%), saponins (0.19–0.55%), and tannins (0.69–0.93%) present, the microbial loads were similar (p > 0.05) across all samples. Indeed, the “okpeye” condiment can be cubed, and by quality attribute, it competes favourably, and very promising substitute to commercial bouillon cubes.

scholarly journals Maternal Urinary Metal and Metalloid Concentrations in Association with Oxidative Stress Biomarkers

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 114
Author(s):  
Pahriya Ashrap ◽  
Deborah J. Watkins ◽  
Ginger L. Milne ◽  
Kelly K. Ferguson ◽  
Rita Loch-Caruso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Prostaglandin F2α ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Oxidative Stress Marker ◽  
Essential Metals ◽  
Male Fetus ◽  
Metal Concentrations ◽  
Fetal Sex ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Metal exposure has been associated with a wide range of adverse birth outcomes and oxidative stress is a leading hypothesis of the mechanism of action of metal toxicity. We assessed the relationship between maternal exposure to essential and non-essential metals and metalloids in pregnancy and oxidative stress markers, and sought to identify windows of vulnerability and effect modification by fetal sex. In our analysis of 215 women from the PROTECT birth cohort study, we measured 14 essential and non-essential metals in urine samples at three time points during pregnancy. The oxidative stress marker 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α (8-iso-PGF2α) and its metabolite 2,3-dinor-5,6-dihydro-15-15-F2t-IsoP, as well as prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α), were also measured in the same urine samples. Using linear mixed models, we examined the main effects of metals on markers of oxidative stress as well as the visit-specific and fetal sex-specific effects. After adjustment for covariates, we found that a few urinary metal concentrations, most notably cesium (Cs) and copper (Cu), were associated with higher 8-iso-PGF2α with effect estimates ranging from 7.3 to 14.9% for each interquartile range, increase in the metal concentration. The effect estimates were generally in the same direction at the three visits and a few were significant only among women carrying a male fetus. Our data show that higher urinary metal concentrations were associated with elevated biomarkers of oxidative stress. Our results also indicate a potential vulnerability of women carrying a male fetus.

Elevation of sodium levels in the cerebral ventricles of anaesthetized dogs triggers the release of an inhibitor of ouabain-sensitive sodium, potassium-ATPase into the circulation

1986 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhagavan S. Jandhyala ◽  
Ahmad F. Ansari
Keyword(s):  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Circumventricular Organs ◽  
Plasma Samples ◽  
Cerebral Ventricles ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Natriuretic Hormone ◽  
Circulating Blood Volume ◽  
Na Pump ◽  
Artificial Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Uptake Method

1. The present studies are designed to determine whether a ouabain-sensitive inhibitor of Na+, K+−stimulated ATPase is released into the circulation when the Na+ levels are elevated in the cerebral ventricles in pentobarbital anaesthetized dogs. Na+−pump activity was estimated in the plantar and dorsal branches of the lateral saphenous veins by using the 86Rb-uptake method. 2. Infusion of the cerebral ventricles with the artificial cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) containing normal Na+ (0.15 mol/l) for over 120 min resulted in significant increases in only ouabain-sensitive 86Rb-uptake. In contrast, when the ventricles were perfused with the CSF containing high Na+ (0.3 mol/l) for similar periods, there were significant reductions in the ouabain-sensitive as well as in ouabain-insensitive 86Rb-uptake by the blood vessels. 3. Similar blood vessels from a separate group of dogs were incubated for 120 min in the plasma samples collected from the above groups in which normal or hypertonic Na+ solutions were infused. The data showed that ouabain-sensitive 86Rb-uptake (but not the insensitive component) was significantly inhibited only in those vessels which were incubated in the plasma samples that were obtained at 120 min after perfusion of the cerebral ventricles with CSF containing high Na+ (0.3 mol/l). 4. These studies have provided direct evidence which would suggest that the elevation of Na+ levels in the cerebral ventricles would precipitate the release of an inhibitor of the ouabain-sensitive Na+−pump into the circulation, perhaps due to an activation of Na+−sensitive and/or osmo-sensitive sites in the circumventricular organs. It is hypothesized that this humoral substance may be the same ‘natriuretic hormone’ which is released after acute expansion of circulating blood volume.

THE RELATIONSHIP OF THE SODIUM, POTASSIUM, AND CHLORIDE CONCENTRATION OF THE FEEDING TO THE WEIGHT GAIN OF PREMATURE INFANTS

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1962 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 909-916
Author(s):  
Herbert I. Goldman ◽  
Samuel Karelitz ◽  
Hedda Acs ◽  
Eli Seifter
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Chloride Concentration ◽  
The Other ◽  
Milk Formula ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

One hundred four healthy premature infants, of birth weight 1,000 to 1,800 gm, were fed one of five feedings: (1) human milk; (2) human milk plus 13 meq/l of sodium chloride; (3) human milk plus 13 meq/l of sodium chloride and 18 meq/l of potassium chloride; (4) a half-skimmed cows milk formula; and (5) a partially-skimmed vegetable oil, cows milk formula. The infants fed any of the three human milk formulas gained weight at a slower rate than the infants fed either of the two cows milk formulas. Infants whose diets were changed from unmodified human milk to the half-skimmed cows milk gained large amounts of weight, and at times were visibly edematous. Infants whose diets were changed from the human milks with added sodium chloride, to the half-skimmed cows milk, gained lesser amounts of weight and did not become edematous. The infants fed the two cows milk diets gained similar amounts of weight, although one diet provided 6.5 gm/kg/day, the other 3.1 gm/kg/day of protein.

scholarly journals A RAPID, SENSITIVE AND VALIDATED ULTRA PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY AND TANDEM MASS SPECTROMETRY METHOD FOR DETERMINATION OF RIFAMPICIN IN RAT PLASMA: APPLICATION TO PHARMACOKINETIC STUDY

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 222
Author(s):  
Aslam Burhan ◽  
Bhavin Vyas
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Quality Control ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Drug Interaction ◽  
Tandem Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Rat Plasma ◽  
Tandem Mass ◽  
Plasma Samples ◽  
Interaction Studies

<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To develop and validate simple, sensitive and selective ultra-performance liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method for quantification of rifampicin (RIF) in rat plasma and its application to pharmacokinetics study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Precipitation method was used for the extraction of plasma samples, an aliquot of 25 µl plasma samples was extracted using acetonitrile precipitation technique. Chromatographic separation was performed usingWaters Acquity<sup>TM</sup>UPLC columns, BEH C18 (50 mm× 2.1 mm, 1.7 µm) by a gradient mixture of acetonitrile and water (both containing 0.1 % formic acid) as a mobile phase at the flow rate of 0.7 ml/min.The analyte was protonated in the positive ESI (electrospray ionization interface) and detected in MRM (multiple reactions monitoring) modes using the transition m/z 308.60-455.30.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The method had a short chromatography run time of 1.8 min with improved sensitivity over existing methods. Calibration curves been linear over the wide range of 1.97-5047.00 ng/ml. The between and within-batch precision and accuracy of the method was determined by using 4 quality control samples; the highest %CV observed was10.11. The mean recovery values are 74.26, 82.77 and 101.73 at low, medium and high-quality control levels; respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>It was concluded that the developed and validated UPLC-MS/MS method was sensitive,specific, precise, linear, and rapid. Therefore, the method can be used for quantification of RIFin rat plasma with various advantages over the reported methods. RIF is widely recommended by US-FDAguidance for industry on drug interaction studies and the developed method can be used to explore drug interaction studies in drug discovery and development.</p>

scholarly journals Autotransplantacija slezine

2002 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 101-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Knezevic ◽  
D. Stefanovic ◽  
M. Petrovic ◽  
Z. Djordjevic ◽  
Slavko Matic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Splenic Rupture ◽  
Left Kidney ◽  
The Other ◽  
Traumatic Rupture ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Abdominal Organs ◽  
The Right ◽  
Rupture Of The Spleen ◽  
Previous Disease

Auto transplantation of the spleen can be performed in the patients with traumatic rupture of the spleen, in whom spleen could not be conserved in the other way. The right indication for this method is isolated rupture of the spleen (concvasation or complete devascularisation). This method is not recommended in the endangered patients, patients with previous disease of the spleen as well as in the patients with the perforation of the other abdominal organs at the same time. Auto transplantation was performed in 12 patients with isolated splenic rupture and hematoperitoneum, 11 men and one woman. The majority of patients are younger. In 8 patients, autotransplantat was placed into big omentum, in three into lipomatous tissue surrounding left kidney, and in one into anterior abdominal wall. In all the patients from this group, following analysis were taken: MCV (middle volume of erythrocytes), HTC, Hb, Le, Glucose, urea, creatinin, sodium, potassium, alkali phosphatasis, target cells, Howell Jolly's bodies, Heinz's bodies, IgG, IgA, igM, C3, C4, T3, T4, T8, B, segmentated, eosinophiles, lymphocytes, reticulocytes, thrombocytes, fibrinogen, PT, APTT, aggregation of thrombocytes and aggregation of thrombocytes on collagen. The same parameters were taken in 12 patients with surgery similar to splenectomy and in 12 after splenectomy. After splenectomy, there was decrease of the immunologic defending abilities of the organism because of the loss of the clirens function of the spleen, decreased level of the opsonines and tutsin, which leads to the impaired phagocytosis, decreased concentration of IgM and T and B lymphocytes, while in patients after auto transplantation the results were physiological. The most important thing in the assessment of the function of the autotransplantated spleen is scintigraphic investigation using 99mTc-denaturated red blood cells. In our study, auto transplant function was assessed in 10/12 patients by scintigraphy. Five years after surgery no one patient was proved to have postsplenectomic sepsis.

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