scholarly journals Cubing Fabrication/Costing and Machine Performance on African Fermented Condiment Quality Attributes Compared with Commercial Bouillon Types

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 481
Author(s):  
Eunice O. Uzodinma ◽  
Chigozie F. Okoyeuzu ◽  
Nneka N. Uchegbu ◽  
Charles Odilichukwu R. Okpala ◽  
Waheed A. Rasaq ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Food Processing ◽  
Quality Attributes ◽  
The Other ◽  
Throughput Capacity ◽  
Quality Attribute ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Machine Performance ◽  
Calcium Iron ◽  
Carbohydrate Contents

Cubing machines in food processing have evolved over the years, which have made products like Star®, Knorr®, and Chicken® bouillon cubes become commercially available today, even in many parts of Africa. On the other hand, the fermented mesquite seed “okpeye” food condiment, traditionally produced by well-trained artisans and widely utilised in Nigeria, requires further product development in order to compete with bouillon cubes. Quality comparisons between the cubed “okpeye” condiment and commercially available bouillon cube products have not yet been reported. Therefore, cubing fabrication/costing and machine performance on African fermented “okpeye” condiment quality attributes, compared with commercial bouillon types, were done. The processing of mesquite seeds into the “okpeye” condiment resembled those of artisans. Bouillon cube products involved the Star®, Knorr®, and Chicken® types. Quality attributes involved proximate, micronutrient, phytochemical, and microbial aspects. Results showed that the throughput capacity of a cubing machine increased with an efficiency of 48 condiment cubes/min, forming properly without separation. Across all studied samples, the protein, ash, moisture, crude fat, crude fibre, and carbohydrate contents were in the range of 1.45–42.50%, 5.29–6.75%, 8.50–12.29%, 2.56–18.54%, 2.45–3.19%, and 18.16–25.56%, respectively. The protein, fat, moisture, calcium, iron, magnesium, and manganese contents of “okpeye” condiment were significantly higher (p < 0.05) than those of bouillon cubes. Fair amounts of vitamins B1, B2, B3, and E were found, with the “okpeye” condiment higher in vitamin E. Besides the flavonoids (0.12–0.18%), alkaloids (0.08–0.15%), saponins (0.19–0.55%), and tannins (0.69–0.93%) present, the microbial loads were similar (p > 0.05) across all samples. Indeed, the “okpeye” condiment can be cubed, and by quality attribute, it competes favourably, and very promising substitute to commercial bouillon cubes.

scholarly journals Effects of Culinary Methods on The Proximate Composition of an Edible Insect (Rhynchophorus Phoenicis) Larvae Obtained From Bayelsa State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
D. P. MarkManuel ◽  
Jackson Godwin
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Shelf Life ◽  
Proximate Composition ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
The Other ◽  
Fibre Content ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Edible Insect ◽  
Mineral Levels ◽  
Carbohydrate Contents

This study investigated the effects of culinary methods (boiling and frying) on the proximate composition of an edible insect commonly known as African Palm Weevil (R. phoenicis) Larva(e). The proximate composition (moisture, ash, protein, crude fibre, fat and carbohydrate contents) were determined using standard methodology of the Association of Analytical Chemists (AOAC). Boiling increased the moisture and ash content but, decreased the protein, fat, carbohydrate (p0.05) and the fibre content compared to the raw sample. On the other hand, frying increased the protein and ash contents (p 0.05) but decreased the moisture, fat, carbohydrate and fibre contents compared to the raw. The decrease in moisture content led to a corresponding increase in the protein, and ash contents of the fried sample, which indicates high protein and mineral levels of the larvae. Also, the lowest moisture content recorded in the fried sample compared to the raw and boiled sample was an indication of reduction of microbial spoilage, and longer storage shelf life of this edible larva. Therefore, frying is recommended as the best culinary method for healthy diet. This study investigated the effects of culinary methods (boiling and frying) on the proximate composition of an edible insect commonly known as African Palm Weevil (R. phoenicis) Larva(e). The proximate composition (moisture, ash, protein, crude fibre, fat and carbohydrate contents) were determined using standard methodology of the Association of Analytical Chemists (AOAC). Boiling increased the moisture and ash content but, decreased the protein, fat, carbohydrate (p>0.05) and the fibre content compared to the raw sample. On the other hand, frying increased the protein and ash contents (p<0.05) but decreased the moisture, fat, carbohydrate and fibre contents compared to the raw. The decrease in moisture content led to a corresponding increase in the protein, and ash contents of the fried sample, which indicates high protein and mineral levels of the larvae. Also, the lowest moisture content recorded in the fried sample compared to the raw and boiled sample was an indication of reduction of microbial spoilage, and longer storage shelf life of this edible larva. Therefore, frying is recommended as the best culinary method for healthy diet.

scholarly journals BATCH PROCESSING OF TREE-RING SAMPLES FOR RADIOCARBON ANALYSIS

Radiocarbon ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Alexandra Fogtmann-Schulz ◽  
Sabrina G K Kudsk ◽  
Florian Adolphi ◽  
Christoffer Karoff ◽  
Mads F Knudsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Precision ◽  
Tree Rings ◽  
Precision Measurement ◽  
Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
The Other ◽  
High Precision Measurement ◽  
Machine Performance ◽  
High Throughput Method ◽  
Ca 50 ◽  
Low Activity

ABSTRACT We here present a comparison of methods for the pretreatment of a batch of tree rings for high-precision measurement of radiocarbon at the Aarhus AMS Centre (AARAMS), Aarhus University, Denmark. The aim was to develop an efficient and high-throughput method able to pretreat ca. 50 samples at a time. We tested two methods for extracting α-cellulose from wood to find the most optimal for our use. One method used acetic acid, the other used HCl acid for the delignification. The testing was conducted on background 14C samples, in order to assess the effect of the different pretreatment methods on low-activity samples. Furthermore, the extracted wood and cellulose fractions were analyzed using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, which showed a successful extraction of α-cellulose from the samples. Cellulose samples were pretreated at AARAMS, and the graphitization and radiocarbon analysis of these samples were done at both AARAMS and the radiocarbon dating laboratory at Lund University to compare the graphitization and AMS machine performance. No significant offset was found between the two sets of measurements. Based on these tests, the pretreatment of tree rings for high-precision radiocarbon analysis at AARAMS will henceforth use HCI for the delignification.

scholarly journals Selected nutrients determining the quality of different cuts of organic and conventional pork

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karolina M. Wójciak ◽  
Michał Halagarda ◽  
Sascha Rohn ◽  
Paulina Kęska ◽  
Agnieszka Latoch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Pork Meat ◽  
Total N ◽  
Iron And Zinc ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
Calcium Iron ◽  
Organic Meat

AbstractOrganic meat products are gaining consumer interest worldwide. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of organic and conventional meat origin on nutritional determinants of the following pork meat cuts: loin, ham, and shoulder. Nutritional value of meat was based on selected indicators such as proximate composition, the concentration of cholesterol, vitamin E content and minerals and trace elements such as calcium, magnesium, potassium, copper, iron, and zinc, and the composition of fatty acids. The results of this study demonstrated that higher contents of protein and selected mineral compounds, as well as lower vitamin E concentration and different fatty acids (i.e., C12:0, C17:0, C17:1 n-7, C18:3 n-6, C24:0 and total n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA)) distinguish organic pork meat cuts from the conventional counterparts. The organically meat parts, especially the shoulder, were identified as a better source of copper, calcium, iron and zinc, while organic ham and loin had more potassium. On the other hand, organic hams were shown to have lower content of vitamin E in comparison to their conventional equivalents present. Also, in organic shoulders showed a higher n-6/n-3 ratio compared to meat of conventional origin.

Unusual Syndrome Among Premature Infants: Association With a New Intravenous Vitamin E Product

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 598-602
Author(s):  
Vichien Lorch ◽  
M. Dianne Murphy ◽  
Linda R. Hoersten ◽  
Eva Harris ◽  
Jean Fitzgerald ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Failure ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Significant Risk Factor ◽  
The Other ◽  
Intensive Care Nursery ◽  
Symptom Complex ◽  
Intravenous Vitamin ◽  
Unusual Symptom

Eight small, premature infants developed an unusual symptom complex of pulmonary deterioration, thrombocytopenia, liver failure, ascites, and renal failure. five infants died; the health of the other three infants improved and they were discharged from the hospital. This unusual syndrome occurred after introduction of a new intravenous vitamin E product (E-Ferol, α-tocopherol acetate) for routine use in the intensive care nursery. Even though no definite conclusion was reached as to its cause, the administration of this intravenous vitamin E product appears to be a significant risk factor.

Vitamin E and CNS Hemorrhage

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 74 (6) ◽  
pp. 1113-1114
Author(s):  
DALE L. PHELPS
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Premature Infant ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sharp Edge ◽  
Critical Examination ◽  
Extreme Caution

Preventing handicaps in premature infants is a pressing goal, and vitamin E has been offering some hope for the prevention of one of the most emotionally distressing sequelae, blindness. The report of Speer et al1 confirms the observation of Chiswick et al2 that vitamin E may also reduce severe CNS hemorrhage, one of the other major handicapping conditions faced by the premature infant. Naturally, we welcome this information, but in our eagerness to find a cure, we must not blunt the sharp edge of critical examination of the data. Extreme caution must be still be exercised for the following reasons: (1) some questions have been raised about the data to be examined; (2) a third study suggests the opposite result3; and (3) there are significant differences in the vitamin E formulations that were used and those available for use in the United States.

Studies of the chemical composition of kales and rapes. I. The kales

1959 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 230-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. C. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
The Other ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Plant Basis ◽  
Matter Basis

1. Four varieties of marrow stem kale, three of thousand headed kales, Hungry Gap Kale and Rape-Kale were grown at three centres in mid-Wales. They were sampled in the early winter period and separate leaf and stem samples analysed for the proximate constituents and minerals.2. Leaf to stem ratios were measured on both a green and dry matter basis and the latter values used to calculate whole plant values for the chemical constituents.3. The leaves of the marrow stem kales were higher in dry matter than the stems, except in the case of the Purple Stem Kale. This variety resembled the thousand headed and rape-type kales in having a higher dry matter in the stems. On a dry matter basis, the leaves of all the varieties were richer than the stems in ether extract, crude protein, total ash and all the minerals except potassium and sodium. These elements occurred to a greater extent in the stems of the fleshy stemmed marrow stem kales than in the leaves. The stems were higher in crude fibre and nitrogen-free extractives.4. The leaves of the rape-type kales were higher than those of the other varieties in silica, phosphorus and potassium. They were the best source of phosphorus on a whole plant basis. The marrow stem kales had considerably higher leaf and stem values for sodium and were markedly superior to the other varieties as a source of the element.

scholarly journals SOSIALISASI TEMPE SEBAGAI MAKANAN ORGANIK DAN SEHAT KEPADA IBU RUMAH TANGGA DI KOTA TANGERANG SELATAN

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 92-103
Author(s):  
Anastasi Tatik Hartanti ◽  
Yasinta Ratna Esti Wulandari ◽  
Rory Anthony Hutagalung ◽  
Tati Barus
Keyword(s):  
Success Rate ◽  
Community Service ◽  
Food Processing ◽  
Healthy Food ◽  
The Other ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Community Knowledge ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
Strongly Agree

Tempeh is a traditional Indonesian food that has many advantages as food and the process of making it is quite simple. However, the community knowledge about tempeh and the skills to produce healthy tempeh are still low. This community service aimed to increase the knowledge about tempeh and to improve the skills of its manufacturers in making healthy and good quality tempeh. The activities were carried out for mothers living in Villa Dago Tol complex, Ciputat, South Tangerang 15414, by using the methods of counseling, demonstration, and mentoring. Monitoring was conducted to measure the success rate of participants in producing healthy tempeh. The level of community knowledge about tempeh was evaluated through survey method. The results of counseling, demonstration, and mentoring succeeded in improving the participant skills as seen from the participants' success in following the healthy tempeh-making procedure. The results were also reinforced by the results of monitoring where all participants managed to create healthy tempeh. Survey results showed participants’ increasing knowledge of healthy tempeh and motivation in producing healthy tempeh. Assessment of participants showed good results, especially in improving knowledge (73% stated strongly agree and the rest agree). The ability of the facilitators in delivering the material was also considered good by the participants (92% stated strongly agree and the rest agree). As a follow-up, the participants suggested that the training be extended to the other communities and the training also include a variety of topics such as the manufacturing of tofu, healthy food processing, sewing, and many others.

scholarly journals Design and Performance Analysis of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor for Electric Vehicles Application

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (3A) ◽  
pp. 394-406
Author(s):  
Mustafa Y. Bdewi ◽  
Ahmed M. Mohammed ◽  
Mohammed M. Ezzaldean
Keyword(s):  
Permanent Magnet ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor ◽  
Optimization Procedure ◽  
Torque Ripple ◽  
Synchronous Motor ◽  
The Other ◽  
Torque Density ◽  
Finite Element Software ◽  
Machine Performance

In electrical vehicle applications, power density plays a significant role in improving machine performance. The main objective of this paper is to design and analyze the performance of in-wheel outer rotor permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) used in electric vehicles based on a previously designed model. The key challenge is to achieve the best machine performance regarding the highest torque density and lowest torque ripple. This work also aims at reducing the machine cost by using permanent magnet (PM) material, which has less energy density than the PM used in the previously designed model. An optimization procedure is carried out to improve the generated torque, keeping the same aspects of size and volume of the selected machine. On the other hand, the other specifications of the machine are taken into consideration and are maintained within the acceptable level. According to their major impact on the machine’s performance, the most important parameters of machine designing is selected during the optimization procedure. This proposed machine is implemented and tested using the finite element software package “MagNet 7.4.1” with Visual Basic 16.0 programming language and MATLAB 9.5 Simulink for post-processing.

scholarly journals Determination of Nutritional Composition of Ackee’s Apple Blighia sapida and Monkey Kola Cola millenii

2020 ◽  
pp. 127-136
Author(s):  
Oyetade Joshua Akinropo ◽  
Bello Lukman Abidemi ◽  
Adesiyan Blessing Adedayo
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mineral Analysis ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Fruit Samples

The proximate analysis of the fruit sample that homogenously sampled from the wild was taken and quartered to get appreciable weight fit for analysis. Due to it perishable nature the quartered sample for each of the fruit was stored in an air tight container and kept in the refrigerator at a temperature of about 4°C. For the determination of the nutritional composition, parameters which include their proximate, minerals, and vitamin C were quantitatively determined while the anti-nutrient composition were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed. Compared to ackee’s apple, monkey cola was found to consist of 64.41% moisture content, 1.69% ash, 10.21% crude fibre, 1.25% crude fat, 4.44% crude fibre, 18.06% carbohydrates while ackee’s apple consist of 73.21% moisture, 1.49% ash, 9.38 % crude protein, 13.98% crude fat, 2.08% crude fibre, 0.86% carbohydrates and 4.45% of vitamin C. The mineral analysis for both samples was quantitatively determined using Atomic Absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). The minerals determined for ackee’s apple and monkey cola were magnesium which was 1391.65 ppm, calcium 628.23 ppm, sodium 506.96 ppm, potassium 3976.14 ppm, iron 1.0 ppm, copper 5.00, zinc 4.00, cobalt 3.0 and phosphorus 2616.90 ppm the iron however, was not detected. Ackee’s apple on the other hand, consist of magnesium 498.01 ppm, calcium 478.56 ppm, sodium 398.80 ppm, potassium 4970.18 ppm, copper 2.00, zinc 5.00, cobalt 3.0 and phosphorus 373.84 ppm. The qualitative screening of the anti-nutrients revealed the absence of phenol from both fruit samples while tannins were present only in the monkey cola. The flavonoids, phytic acid and oxalate were quantitatively determined to be 1240 mg, 625 mg and 155 mg for Monkey kola and 640 mg, 340 mg and 65 mg for Ackee’s apple.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF VARYING CONCENTRATE: GRASS HAY RATIOS ON FEED INTAKE AND NUTRIENT DIGESTIBILITY BY GROWING WEST AFRICAN FOREST SHEEP

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-66
Author(s):  
I. O. A. Adeleye ◽  
U. J. Ikhatua
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Feed Utilization ◽  
West African ◽  
The Other ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Nitrogen Free Extract ◽  
Grass Hay ◽  
Gross Energy

Twelve ram lambs of the West African Forest type of between 15.7 and 24.6 kg were divided into four groups of 3 animals each. A group was assigned to one of four diets consisting of the following concentrate: grass hay ratios - 20 : 80 (A), 40 : 60 (B), 60 : 40 (C) and 80 : 20 (D). Feed intake, nutrient digestibilities and efficiency of feed utilization were measured. As the level of concentrate increased, the contents of crude protein ether extract, nitrogen-free extract (NFE) and gross energy of the diets increased, while the crude fibre and ash contents decreased almost linearly. Voluntary feed intake increased with increasing levels of concentrate, with diet C having a significantly higher (P 0.01) Relative Intake (RI) value than the other diets. Both the Nutritive Value Index (NVI) and Digestible Energy (DE) intake values were significantly higher (P. 0.01) in diets C and D than the other diets. Generally, the digestion coefficients for the gross energy, crude protein, crude fibre and nitrogen free extract increased with increasing levels of concentrate, the values being significantly higher (P 0.01) in diets C and D, while diet A showed a significantly lower (P 0.05) dry matter digestion coefficient value when compared with either diets. Although a similar trend was observed in the digestion coefficient for ether extract, the differences were not significant (P 0.05). With the exception of animals on diet C which had the highest daily weight gains, average daily weight gains and efficiency of feed utilization increased with successive substitution of concentrate for grass hay.

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