The impact of negative edges on spreading in signed networks

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng Zhang ◽  
Xiao Zhang ◽  
Leyang Xue
Keyword(s):  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Local Structure ◽  
Suppressive Effect ◽  
Signed Networks ◽  
Spreading Model ◽  
Social Turmoil ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Negative Relationships ◽  
Outbreak Size ◽  
Random Configuration

In signed networks, negative edges represent negative relationships; the increase or gathering of negative interpersonal relationships can lead to social turmoil, which will affect the spreading of diseases or information. Therefore, it is significant to study the impact of the proportion and configuration of negative edges on spreading. In this paper, to study the impact of negative relationships on spreading, we propose a heterogeneous spreading model using signed networks. In this model, we use the balance of the local structure to quantify the probability of contact between individuals, making the contacts heterogeneous. We then examine the impact of negative edges on spreading using numerical simulations. We find that the balance of the network and the spreading coverage (i.e. outbreak size) gradually decrease with the proportion of negative edges. Compared with preference configurations (in which negative signs are placed on edges that have an important impact on spreading), a random configuration (in which negative signs are placed on random edges) has a suppressive effect on spreading. This provides information for epidemic prevention. Finally, we find that there are two important factors — contact probability and spreading paths — that could explain the observed spreading phenomena.

AN OPINION SPREADING MODEL IN SIGNED NETWORKS

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (12) ◽  
pp. 1350084 ◽  
Author(s):  
WEI LI ◽  
PENGYI FAN ◽  
PEI LI ◽  
HUI WANG ◽  
YIGUANG PAN
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transition ◽  
General Rule ◽  
Sir Epidemic Model ◽  
Spreading Process ◽  
Signed Networks ◽  
Spreading Behavior ◽  
Spreading Model ◽  
Sir Epidemic ◽  
Spreading Rates ◽  
Negative Relationships

The opinion spreading process can be modeled as the spread of an epidemic through a network, which assumes homogeneous relationships between individuals. However, positive and negative relationships in signed networks play different roles in the opinion spreading process, following the general rule that the same opinion will diffuse through friends, while the opposite opinion will likely emerge out of interactions between enemies. In order to explore opinion spreading behavior in signed networks, we proposed a simple opinion spreading model based on the susceptible-infected-recovered (SIR) epidemic model. Under the assumption of homogeneous mixing, we also analyzed the phase transition of opinion spreading in signed networks and found that critical spreading rates were closely related to the fraction of positive relationships in signed networks. Finally, we confirmed the correctness of our solutions using numerical simulations of the opinion spreading model in signed networks.

Psychosomatic Features, Compliance and Complementary Therapies in Rheumatoid Arthritis

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 215-223
Author(s):  
Rostislav A. Grekhov ◽  
Galina P. Suleimanova ◽  
Andrei S. Trofimenko ◽  
Liudmila N. Shilova
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Psychotherapeutic Interventions ◽  
And Coping ◽  
Regulation Of Emotion ◽  
The Impact

This review highlights the issue of psychosomatic conditions in rheumatoid arthritis, paying special attention to new researches and trends in this field. Emerging concepts in all the major parts of the problem are covered consecutively, from the impact of chronic musculoskeletal pain on the emotional state to disease influence over quality of life, socio-psychological, and interpersonal relationships. Chronic pain is closely related to emotional responses and coping ability, with a pronounced positive effect of psychotherapeutic interventions, family and social support on it. Psychosexual disorders, anxiety, depression also commonly coexist with rheumatoid arthritis, leading to further decrease in quality of life, low compliance, and high suicide risk. Influence of psychosomatic conditions on the overall treatment effect is usually underestimated by rheumatologists and general practitioners. Psychosomatic considerations are of great importance for up-to-date management of rheumatoid arthritis, as they strongly influence the quality of life, compliance, and thereby disease outcomes. Two major approaches of psychological rehabilitation exist, both coping with pain through the regulation of emotion and psychotherapeutic intervention, which not only helps patients in coping with the disease, but also aimed at improving the overall adaptation of the patient. It includes techniques of relaxation, cognitive-behavioral therapy, and biofeedback therapy. Current data about the efficacy of the additional correcting therapies for patients with rheumatoid arthritis, both emerging and common ones, are discussed in the review.

MicroRNA-520c-3p Modulates Doxorubicin-Chemosensitivity in HepG2 Cells

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed A. Ragheb ◽  
Marwa H. Soliman ◽  
Emad M. Elzayat ◽  
Mervat S. Mohamed ◽  
Nada El-Ekiaby ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepg2 Cells ◽  
Therapeutic Strategy ◽  
Suppressive Effect ◽  
Expression Level ◽  
Tumor Suppressor Function ◽  
Protein Expression Level ◽  
Blot Technique ◽  
Induction Of Apoptosis ◽  
The Impact

Background: Doxorubicin (DOX) is the most common drugs used in cancer therapy, including Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC). Drug resistance, is one of chemotherapy’s significant problems. Emerging studies have shown that microRNAs (miRNAs) could participate in regulating this mechanism. Nevertheless, the impact of miRNAs on HCC chemoresistance is still enigmatic. Objective: Investigating the role of miR-520c-3p in enhancement of anti-tumor effect of DOX against HepG2 cells. Methods: Expression profile for liver related miRNAs (384 miRNAs) has been analyzed on HepG2 cells treated with DOX using qRT-PCR. miR-520c-3p, the most deregulated miRNA, was selected for combination treatment with DOX. Expression level for LEF1, CDK2, CDH1, VIM, Mcl-1 and TP53 was evaluated in miR-520c-3p transfected cells. Cell viability, colony formation, wound healing as well as apoptosis assays have been demonstrated. Furthermore, Mcl-1 protein level was measured using western blot technique. Results: The present data indicated that miR-520c-3p overexpression could render HepG2 cells chemo-sensitive to DOX through enhancing its suppressive effects on proliferation, migration, and induction of apoptosis. The suppressive effect of miR-520c-3p involved altering the expression levels of some key regulators of cell cycle, proliferation, migration and apoptosis including LEF1, CDK2, CDH1, VIM, Mcl-1 and TP53. Interestingly, Mcl-1 was found to be one of the potential targets of miR-520c-3p, and its protein expression level was down-regulated upon miR-520c-3p overexpression. Conclusion: Our data referred to the tumor suppressor function of miR-520c-3p that could modulate chemosensitivity of HepG2 cells toward DOX treatment, providing a promising therapeutic strategy in HCC.

scholarly journals The impact of job description and career prospect on job satisfaction: A quantitative study in Mauritius

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ketan S. Ramhit
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Team Leaders ◽  
Job Description ◽  
Managerial Implications ◽  
Career Prospect ◽  
Value Add ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Negative Relationships ◽  
Good Career

Orientation: Literature shows that job description and career prospect are connected to job satisfaction and it is seen that, in Mauritius, job description and career prospect impact job satisfaction.Research purpose: The purpose of the study was to determine the relationship between job description, career prospect and job satisfaction in Mauritius.Motivation for the study: It has been noticed that employees are dissatisfied when they perform duties outside their job description and also when they see that they do not have a good career prospect. Despite the existence of several researches, limited research exists in the Mauritian context. The outcome will provide significant relevance to existing knowledge.Research approach/design and method: A quantitative approach was adopted and a survey was conducted in a multinational company in Mauritius. A sample of 132 employees was chosen.Main findings: This research unravelled significant negative relationships between job description, career prospect and job satisfaction. The results revealed that, when duties are not well described or when duties are not in line with current responsibilities, the employees are dissatisfied. Similarly, the greater the chances that employees are not given the opportunity to get promoted, the more they are dissatisfied.Practical/managerial implications: Human resource practitioners, managers and team leaders need to recognise that employee’s moods influence the work pattern in the organisation and a clear job description and an appropriate career plan should exist.Contribution/value-add: Literature on the relationship between job description, career prospect and job satisfaction in the context of Mauritius is almost inexistent. This study will add to existing knowledge.

scholarly journals Dynamics of the rumor-spreading model with hesitation mechanism in heterogenous networks and bilingual environment

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuai Yang ◽  
Haijun Jiang ◽  
Cheng Hu ◽  
Juan Yu ◽  
Jiarong Li
Keyword(s):  
Lyapunov Method ◽  
Reproduction Number ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Rumor Spreading ◽  
Spreading Model ◽  
Reductio Ad Absurdum ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Theoretical Results ◽  
The Basic Reproduction Number

Abstract In this paper, a novel rumor-spreading model is proposed under bilingual environment and heterogenous networks, which considers that exposures may be converted to spreaders or stiflers at a set rate. Firstly, the nonnegativity and boundedness of the solution for rumor-spreading model are proved by reductio ad absurdum. Secondly, both the basic reproduction number and the stability of the rumor-free equilibrium are systematically discussed. Whereafter, the global stability of rumor-prevailing equilibrium is explored by utilizing Lyapunov method and LaSalle’s invariance principle. Finally, the sensitivity analysis and the numerical simulation are respectively presented to analyze the impact of model parameters and illustrate the validity of theoretical results.

scholarly journals Life during the pandemic: an international photo-elicitation study with medical students

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Dworkin ◽  
T. Akintayo ◽  
D. Calem ◽  
C. Doran ◽  
A. Guth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Photo Elicitation ◽  
Societal Implications ◽  
Global Health Research ◽  
Learning Program ◽  
Elicitation Study ◽  
The World ◽  
Multiple Levels ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background The SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic is a global event with unprecedented impact on individuals and communities around the world. The purpose of this study is to use a modified photo-elicitation methodology to examine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the lives of medical students and their communities around the world. Methods Participating medical students were asked to take photographs for 14 days. In lieu of an interview, which is customary for photo-elicitation projects, participants were asked to share a reflection (a paragraph or two) for each photograph they contributed to the study. Results Between April 27th, 2020 and May 11th, 2020 26 students from 19 medical schools across 13 countries shared photographs and reflections. Qualitative analysis of written reflections revealed that medical students felt the impact of the pandemic on several levels 1) individual, 2) interpersonal, 3) educational, and 4) societal. Conclusions The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted the lives of medical students on multiple levels. As individuals, students felt emotional distress but found resilience through physical activity and the establishment of new routines. Many students felt isolated as their interpersonal relationships were confined due to social distancing measures. These feelings could be combated with new educational initiatives focused on group collaboration. Lastly, students reflecting on the larger societal implications were concerned with the economic ramifications of the virus and its impact on their future. This study brought together students from several different countries to engage in an applied learning program as a model for equitable global health research.

Impact of values on the learning approaches of Chinese construction students in Hong Kong

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 481-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mei-yung Leung ◽  
Chen Dongyu ◽  
Anita M.M. Liu
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Personal Values ◽  
Value Systems ◽  
Limited Attention ◽  
Learning Approaches ◽  
Personal Integrity ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Learning Behaviours ◽  
The Impact

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the influence of personal values on students’ learning behaviours. Hong Kong construction students are often criticized, by both practitioners and educators, as rote learners. To improve students’ learning processes, extensive research on a variety of aspects of construction education has been conducted. However, limited attention has been paid to the influence of personal values on students’ learning behaviours. The impact of personal value factors on the learning approaches of Chinese construction students in Hong Kong is investigated. Design/methodology/approach – A questionnaire survey was conducted to ethically Chinese construction students in four universities in Hong Kong. A total of 820 questionnaires were distributed and 431 valid returns were collected. Findings – The survey identified six influential values (namely, personal integrity, conservatism, determination, discipline, interpersonal relationships, and achievement), and shows that students who emphasize the virtues of personal integrity, determination, and a positive attitude toward achievement are better able to handle their interpersonal relationships, which will eventually lead them to engage in deep learning. Originality/value – Work to develop appropriate value systems is thus recommended in freshmen courses, as is the use of cooperative learning approaches. Such value systems will have a long-term influence on the learning approaches of construction students.

The Impact of Status Differentials and Facilitated Feedback on Observer Responses to Abusive Supervision

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoe Chan
Keyword(s):  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Abusive Supervision ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Protective Mechanism ◽  
Work Experiences ◽  
Moral Exclusion ◽  
Direct Target ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Status Differences

When do third parties, individuals who are not the direct target of an act of mistreatment, choose to intervene or abstain from addressing abusive supervision on behalf of a target? Despite progress on understanding the causes and outcomes of abusive supervision, little research examines third-party reactions, and even less devotes attention to contextual factors that shape observer reactions. Given that supervisor-subordinate interactions are situated within and influenced by the broader environment that shapes individuals’ interpersonal relationships and work experiences, this oversight is critical to understanding when observers of abusive supervision choose to intervene on behalf of victims. Drawing from Opotow’s (1995) moral exclusion theory, this study investigates the implications of perceived utility in relation to a victim’s performance and status relative to the supervisor. To narrow the gap between an observer’s intended actions and actual behaviour towards addressing perceived mistreatment, this study introduces the use of facilitated feedback as a protective mechanism against the perceived status differences and risks of retaliation that may deter from expressing supervisory concerns. Through conducting a scenario laboratory experiment among 240 undergraduate students, this study offers practical insights and research implications into the contextual mechanisms that either facilitate or hinder confrontational responses towards abusive supervisors.

The Impact of Social Stereotypes on the Integration Process of Arab Immigrants in European Countries

Diogenes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Stoyanova-Encheva ◽  
◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
European Society ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Integration Process ◽  
Social Stereotypes ◽  
Awareness Campaigns ◽  
Arab Immigrants ◽  
Sensitive Issue ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Impact

The manifestation of stereotypes, prejudices and discrimination on ethnic, religious and/or gender grounds is an extremely sensitive issue in contemporary European society. It influences the perception of Arab immigrants in intergroup and interpersonal relationships in many European countries. Furthermore, the lack of awareness campaigns in the media and the existing ineffective policies lead to stigmatization of an entire homogeneous group of the population, hindering the processes of integration and socialization.

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