THE HYBRID TRACKING SYSTEM OF ATLAS

2010 ◽  
Vol 25 (08) ◽  
pp. 1519-1540
Author(s):  
LEONARDO ROSSI
Keyword(s):  
Pattern Recognition ◽  
Tracking System ◽  
Radiation Detection ◽  
Small Diameter ◽  
Performance Ratio ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Proton Proton ◽  
Space Resolution ◽  
End Caps ◽  
The Cost

The central tracker of the ATLAS experiment is built using both silicon and gaseous detectors immersed in a 2 T solenoidal magnetic field. To better match the topology of the tracks emerging from the proton–proton collisions, the tracker is separated into a central barrel part (measuring below pseudorapidity |η|≈1.2) and two end-caps (measuring from ≈1.2 to 2.5). Different technologies are used at different radii to optimize the cost–performance ratio. The innermost part, immediately surrounding the beam pipe and up to ≈15 cm , is made up of silicon pixels for best pattern recognition and maximal radiation resistance. The intermediate region (radii from 30 to 60 cm) uses microstrip detectors and provides excellent space resolution over a large area. The outer layer (radii from 60 to 95 cm) is made up of a large number of small diameter drift tubes (straws) which provide good space resolution in the track bending plane and greatly contribute to pattern recognition with multiple measurements. The transition radiation detection capability of this gaseous detector also helps in electron identification.

scholarly journals A Knitted Sensing Glove for Human Hand Postures Pattern Recognition

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 1364
Author(s):  
Seulah Lee ◽  
Yuna Choi ◽  
Minchang Sung ◽  
Jihyun Bae ◽  
Youngjin Choi
Keyword(s):  
Pattern Recognition ◽  
Confusion Matrix ◽  
Strain Sensors ◽  
Mixed Data ◽  
Human Hand ◽  
Flexible Sensors ◽  
Target Hand ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Grasp Posture ◽  
Conductive Yarn

In recent years, flexible sensors for data gloves have been developed that aim to achieve excellent wearability, but they are associated with difficulties due to the complicated manufacturing and embedding into the glove. This study proposes a knitted glove integrated with strain sensors for pattern recognition of hand postures. The proposed sensing glove is fabricated at all once by a knitting technique without sewing and bonding, which is composed of strain sensors knitted with conductive yarn and a glove body with non-conductive yarn. To verify the performance of the developed glove, electrical resistance variations were measured according to the flexed angle and speed. These data showed different values depending on the speed or angle of movements. We carried out experiments on hand postures pattern recognition for the practicability verification of the knitted sensing glove. For this purpose, 10 able-bodied subjects participated in the recognition experiments on 10 target hand postures. The average classification accuracy of 10 subjects reached 94.17% when their own data were used. The accuracy of up to 97.1% was achieved in the case of grasp posture among 10 target postures. When all mixed data from 10 subjects were utilized for pattern recognition, the average classification expressed by the confusion matrix arrived at 89.5%. Therefore, the comprehensive experimental results demonstrated the effectiveness of the knitted sensing gloves. In addition, it is expected to reduce the cost through a simple manufacturing process of the knitted sensing glove.

scholarly journals Roughing Milling with Ceramic Tools in Comparison with Sintered Carbide on Nickel-Based Alloys

Coatings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 734
Author(s):  
Pablo Fernández-Lucio ◽  
Octavio Pereira Neto ◽  
Gaizka Gómez-Escudero ◽  
Francisco Javier Amigo Fuertes ◽  
Asier Fernández Valdivielso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cutting Speed ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Cemented Carbide ◽  
Performance Ratio ◽  
Cost Performance ◽  
Ceramic Tools ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Engine Components ◽  
Coated Carbide ◽  
Milling Tools

Productivity in the manufacture of aircrafts components, especially engine components, must increase along with more sustainable conditions. Regarding machining, a solution is proposed to increase the cutting speed, but engines are made with very difficult-to-cut alloys. In this work, a comparison between two cutting tool materials, namely (a) cemented carbide and (b) SiAlON ceramics, for milling rough operations in Inconel® 718 in aged condition was carried out. Furthermore, both the influence of coatings in cemented carbide milling tools and the cutting speed in the ceramic tools were analysed. All tools were tested until the end of their useful life. The cost performance ratio was used to compare the productivity of the tested tools. Despite the results showing higher durability of the coated carbide tool, the ceramic tools presented a better behavior in terms of productivity at higher speed. Therefore, ceramic tools should be used for higher productivity demands, while coated carbide tools for low speed-high volume material removal.

scholarly journals Selection of filter parameters of Individual water supply systems

2019 ◽  
Vol 110 ◽  
pp. 01072 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir Shcherbakov ◽  
Aleksandr Akulshin ◽  
Aleksandr Bachmetev ◽  
Anatolyi Akulshin
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Intake ◽  
Small Diameter ◽  
Design Flow ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Minimum Diameter ◽  
Water Well ◽  
Pumping Equipment ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Supply Systems

The paper is devoted to the problem of optimal design, construction and operation of water supply systems and their elements. The key element of the system is a water well. The quality of its design and construction determines the operation of the water intake as a whole. Disadvantages in the construction of a well lead to disruption of the entire water supply system of a particular object. The paper proposed a methodology for selecting the optimal diameter and length of the well filter of a water well. Based on the methodology, an example of filter parameters selection for hydrogeological conditions of the city of Kursk is given. The above calculation showed that the use of the entrance velocity criterion in the design of wells can significantly reduce the cost of well construction while ensuring the design flow rate and allowable lowering of the water level. The cost of the filter, depending on the well design, is 20-30% of the total price for its construction. The most important filter parameters affecting the cost of a well are its length and diameter. Justifying the minimum diameter of the filter that ensures the designed water intake and allowable dewatering can significantly reduce the cost of the well, taking into account the fact that modern pumping equipment allows the use of columns of small diameter above the filter.

Constructing a Bioinformatics Platform with Web and Mobile Services Based on NVIDIA Jetson TK1

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 57-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chun-Yuan Lin ◽  
Jin Ye ◽  
Che-Lun Hung ◽  
Chung-Hung Wang ◽  
Min Su ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Consumption ◽  
High Performance Computing ◽  
Graphics Processing Units ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Research Direction ◽  
Mobile Services ◽  
Performance Ratio ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Performance Computing

Current high-end graphics processing units (abbreviate to GPUs), such as NVIDIA Tesla, Fermi, Kepler series cards which contain up to thousand cores per-chip, are widely used in the high performance computing fields. These GPU cards (called desktop GPUs) should be installed in personal computers/servers with desktop CPUs; moreover, the cost and power consumption of constructing a high performance computing platform with these desktop CPUs and GPUs are high. NVIDIA releases Tegra K1, called Jetson TK1, which contains 4 ARM Cortex-A15 CPUs and 192 CUDA cores (Kepler GPU) and is an embedded board with low cost, low power consumption and high applicability advantages for embedded applications. NVIDIA Jetson TK1 becomes a new research direction. Hence, in this paper, a bioinformatics platform was constructed based on NVIDIA Jetson TK1. ClustalWtk and MCCtk tools for sequence alignment and compound comparison were designed on this platform, respectively. Moreover, the web and mobile services for these two tools with user friendly interfaces also were provided. The experimental results showed that the cost-performance ratio by NVIDIA Jetson TK1 is higher than that by Intel XEON E5-2650 CPU and NVIDIA Tesla K20m GPU card.

scholarly journals Algorithms for the power-p Steiner tree problem in the Euclidean plane

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
Christina Burt ◽  
Alysson Costa ◽  
Charl Ras
Keyword(s):  
Spanning Tree ◽  
Minimum Spanning Tree ◽  
Valid Inequalities ◽  
Minimum Cost ◽  
Performance Ratio ◽  
Mixed Integer ◽  
Steiner Tree Problem ◽  
Steiner Points ◽  
Tree Construction ◽  
The Cost

We study the problem of constructing minimum power-$p$ Euclidean $k$-Steiner trees in the plane. The problem is to find a tree of minimum cost spanning a set of given terminals where, as opposed to the minimum spanning tree problem, at most $k$ additional nodes (Steiner points) may be introduced anywhere in the plane. The cost of an edge is its length to the power of $p$ (where $p\geq 1$), and the cost of a network is the sum of all edge costs. We propose two heuristics: a ``beaded" minimum spanning tree heuristic; and a heuristic which alternates between minimum spanning tree construction and a local fixed topology minimisation procedure for locating the Steiner points. We show that the performance ratio $\kappa$ of the beaded-MST heuristic satisfies $\sqrt{3}^{p-1}(1+2^{1-p})\leq \kappa\leq 3(2^{p-1})$. We then provide two mixed-integer nonlinear programming formulations for the problem, and extend several important geometric properties into valid inequalities. Finally, we combine the valid inequalities with warm-starting and preprocessing to obtain computational improvements for the $p=2$ case.

Pressure Sensing Fabric

2006 ◽  
Vol 920 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhang Hui ◽  
Tao Xiao Ming ◽  
Yu Tong Xi ◽  
Li Xin Sheng
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Sensor ◽  
Fabrication Process ◽  
Sensing Element ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Pressure Sensing ◽  
Conductive Yarns ◽  
Flexible Pressure Sensor ◽  
Fabric Surface ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Resistive Grids

AbstractThis paper presents an approach for decoding the pressure information exerted over a piece of fabric by means of resistive sensing. The proposed sensor includes a distributed resistive grids constructed by two systems of orthogonally contacted electrical conductive yarns, with no external sensing element to be attached on the fabric. Since the conductive yarns serve as the sensing and wiring elements simultaneously, this design simplifies the fabrication process, reduces the cost and makes the production of large area flexible pressure sensor possible. The location of the pressure applied on the fabric can be identified by detecting the position where the change of the resistances occurs between two embroidered yarns. Meanwhile, the magnitude of the pressure can be acquired by measuring the variations of the resistance. In order to eliminate the “crosstalk” effect between adjoining fibers, the yarns were separately wired on the fabric surface.

An Active Low Cost Mesh Networking Indoor Tracking System

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean Carlin ◽  
Kevin Curran
Keyword(s):  
Tracking System ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Unique Contribution ◽  
Scalable Vector Graphics ◽  
Web Technologies ◽  
Working Environments ◽  
System A ◽  
The Cost

Indoor radio frequency tracking systems are generally quite expensive and can vary in accuracy due to interference, equipment quality or other environmental factors. Due to these limiting factors of the technology, many businesses today find it hard to justify investing in RFID tracking technologies to improve the safety, efficiency and security of their working environments. The aim of this project was to provide a budget RFID tracking system that was capable of tracking a person or object through an indoor environment. To minimize the cost of the RFID tracking system, the components of the system were built from existing electronic equipment and hardware. The software was also written to minimize licensing and support fees allowing a cost effective budget RFID tracking system to be developed. The tracking system consists of a tag, reader nodes and a PC reader which utilize synapse RF 100 engines with python scripts embedded on to the chips. The tracking system software operates through a web portal utilizing web technologies such as HTML, JavaScript and PHP to allow the tags location to be represented on a two dimensional map using scalable vector graphics. During development of the system a new trilateration algorithm was developed and used convert the signals received from the tag to a virtual position on the map correlating to the actual physical position of the tag. A unique contribution of this system is the low cost of building which we estimate as less than £200 UK sterling for a five node system.

scholarly journals Chipping Whole Trees for Fuel Chips: A Production Study

2007 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 176-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dana Mitchell ◽  
Tom Gallagher
Keyword(s):  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Longleaf Pine ◽  
Small Diameter ◽  
Wage Rates ◽  
Time And Motion ◽  
Motion Study ◽  
Average Production ◽  
Production Study ◽  
Small Diameter Trees ◽  
The Cost

Abstract A time and motion study was conducted to determine the productivity and cost of an in-woods chipping operation when processing whole small-diameter trees for biomass. The study removed biomass from two overstocked stands and compared the cost of this treatment to existing alternatives. The treatment stands consisted of a 30-year-old longleaf pine stand and a 37-year-old loblolly pine stand. In the longleaf pine stand, 71% of the trees removed were less than 5 in. dbh. In the loblolly pine stand, approximately 81% of the stems removed were less than 5 in. dbh. The harvesting system consisted of conventional ground-based harvesting equipment and a three-knife chipper that processed the biomass into fuel chips. The average production time to fill a chip van was 24.61 minutes. The chip moisture content averaged 94.11% (dry basis). Using machine rates and federal labor wage rates, the in-woods cost of producing fuel chips was $9.18/green ton (gt). The cost of the biomass chipping operation ($15.18/gt), including transportation, compared favorably to existing alternative treatments of cut-and-pile or mulching.

scholarly journals Beyond grayscale lithography: inherently three-dimensional patterning by Talbot effect

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 233-240
Author(s):  
Roberto Fallica
Keyword(s):  
Focused Ion Beam ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Talbot Effect ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Projection Lithography ◽  
Main Technique ◽  
Direct Laser ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Diffraction Effects

Abstract There are a growing number of applications where three-dimensional patterning is needed for the fabrication of micro- and nanostructures. Thus far, grayscale lithography is the main technique for obtaining a thickness gradient in a resist material that is exploited for pattern transfer by anisotropic etch. However, truly three-dimensional structures can only be produced by unconventional lithography methods such as direct laser writing, focused ion beam electrodeposition, colloidal sphere lithography, and tilted multiple-pass projection lithography, but at the cost of remarkable complexity and lengthiness. In this work, the three-dimensional shape of light, which is formed by Talbot effect diffraction, was exploited to produce inherently three-dimensional patterns in a photosensitive polymer. Using light in the soft X-ray wavelength, periodic three-dimensional structures of lateral period 600 nm were obtained. The position at which the sample has to be located to be in the Fresnel regime was simulated using an analytical implementation of the Fresnel integrals approach. Exploiting the light shape forming in diffraction effects thus enables the patterning of high-resolution three-dimensional nanostructures over a large area and with a single exposure pass – which would be otherwise impossible with conventional lithographic methods.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document