On the possible onset of the Pioneer anomaly

We explore the possibility that the observed onset of the Pioneer anomaly after Saturn encounter by Pioneer 11 is not necessarily due to mismodeling of solar radiation pressure but instead reflects a physically relevant characteristic of the anomaly itself. We employ the principles of a recently proposed cosmological model termed "the theory of inertial centers" along with an understanding of the fundamental assumptions taken by the Deep Space Network (DSN) to attempt to model this sudden onset. Due to an ambiguity that arises from the difference in the DSN definition of expected light-time with light-time according to the theory of inertial centers, we are forced to adopt a seemingly arbitrary convention to relate DSN-assumed clock-rates to physical clock-rates for this model. We offer a possible reason for adopting the convention employed in our analysis; however, we remain skeptical. Nevertheless, with this convention, one finds that this theory is able to replicate the previously reported Hubble-like behavior of the "clock acceleration" for the Pioneer anomaly as well as the sudden onset of the anomalous acceleration after Pioneer 11 Saturn encounter. While oscillatory behavior with a yearly period is also predicted for the anomalous clock accelerations of both Pioneer 10 and Pioneer 11, the predicted amplitude is an order of magnitude too small when compared with that reported for Pioneer 10.

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PRESENT STATUS OF THE STUDY OF THE ANOMALOUS ACCELERATION OF THE PIONEER 10/11 SPACECRAFT

International Journal of Modern Physics A ◽

10.1142/s0217751x05024535 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 20 (11) ◽

pp. 2304-2308 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

J. P. MBELEK

Keyword(s):

Weak Field ◽

Low Velocity ◽

Pioneer Anomaly ◽

Real Change ◽

Local Manifestation ◽

Anomalous Acceleration ◽

Expansion Of The Universe ◽

The Universe ◽

Pioneer 10 ◽

Radiometric Data

Results from an almost twenty years study of radiometric data from Pioneer 10/11, Galileo and Ulysses spacecraft indicate an anomalous time depending blueshift1, 2 which bares hardly prosaic explanations. Local manifestation of the expansion of the universe or new force terms are not favored either by the observational data. So, we explore the possibility that the reported anomaly, referred to as the "Pioneer anomaly", does not result from a real change in velocity. It turns out that the main Pioneer anomaly may be looked at as a new validation of general relativity (GR) in the weak field and low velocity limit on account of the "machian" behavior of quintessence like dark energy.

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A STUDY OF THE PIONEER ANOMALY: NEW DATA AND OBJECTIVES FOR NEW INVESTIGATION

International Journal of Modern Physics D ◽

10.1142/s0218271806008218 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 15 (01) ◽

pp. 1-55 ◽

Cited By ~ 47

Author(s):

SLAVA G. TURYSHEV ◽

VIKTOR T. TOTH ◽

LARRY R. KELLOGG ◽

EUNICE L. LAU ◽

KYONG J. LEE

Keyword(s):

Current Knowledge ◽

Doppler Frequency ◽

Blue Shift ◽

Data Sets ◽

Pioneer Anomaly ◽

Doppler Data ◽

History Of ◽

Anomalous Acceleration ◽

Pioneer 10

The Pioneer 10/11 spacecraft yielded the most precise navigation in deep space to date. However, their radiometric tracking data has consistently indicated the presence of a small, anomalous, Doppler frequency drift. The drift is a blue shift, uniformly changing with a rate of ~6 × 10-9 Hz/s and can be interpreted as a constant sunward acceleration of each particular spacecraft of aP = (8.74±1.33) × 10-10 m/s 2 (or, alternatively, a time acceleration of at = (2.92±0.44) × 10-18 s/s 2). This signal has become known as the Pioneer anomaly; the nature of this anomaly remains unexplained. We discuss the current state of the efforts to retrieve the entire data sets of the Pioneer 10 and 11 radiometric Doppler data. We also report on the availability of recently recovered telemetry files that may be used to reconstruct the engineering history of both spacecraft using original project documentation and newly developed software tools. We discuss possible ways to further investigate the discovered effect using these telemetry files in conjunction with the analysis of the much extended Pioneer Doppler data. In preparation for this new upcoming investigation, we summarize the current knowledge of the Pioneer anomaly and review some of the mechanisms proposed for its explanation. We emphasize the main objectives of this new study, namely (i) analysis of the early data that could yield the true direction of the anomaly and thus, its origin, (ii) analysis of planetary encounters, which should say more about the onset of the anomaly (e.g. Pioneer 11's Saturn flyby), (iii) analysis of the entire dataset, which should lead to a better determination of the temporal behavior of the anomaly, (iv) comparative analysis of individual anomalous accelerations for the two Pioneers with the data taken from similar heliocentric distances, (v) the detailed study of on-board systematics, and (vi) development of a thermal-electric-dynamical model using on-board telemetry. The outlined strategy may allow for a higher accuracy solution for the anomalous acceleration of the Pioneer spacecraft and, possibly, will lead to an unambiguous determination of the origin of the Pioneer anomaly.

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Conformal Cosmology and the Pioneer Anomaly

Physics Research International ◽

10.1155/2012/469095 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2012 ◽

pp. 1-12 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Gabriele U. Varieschi

Keyword(s):

Cosmological Parameters ◽

Hubble Constant ◽

Conformal Gravity ◽

Conformal Cosmology ◽

Pioneer Anomaly ◽

Radio Signals ◽

Anomalous Acceleration ◽

Near Future ◽

Pioneer 10

We review the fundamental results of a new cosmological model, based on conformal gravity, and apply them to the analysis of the early data of the Pioneer anomaly. We show that our conformal cosmology can naturally explain the anomalous acceleration of the Pioneer 10 and 11 spacecrafts, in terms of a local blueshift region extending around the solar system and therefore affecting the frequencies of the navigational radio signals exchanged between Earth and the spacecraft. By using our model, we explain the numerical coincidence between the value of the anomalous acceleration and the Hubble constant at the present epoch and also confirm our previous determination of the cosmological parameters γ∼10−28 cm−1 and δ~10-4–10-5. New Pioneer data are expected to be publicly available in the near future, which might enable more precise evaluations of these parameters.

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THE CLIFFORD SPACE GEOMETRY BEHIND THE PIONEER AND FLYBY ANOMALIES

International Journal of Modern Physics A ◽

10.1142/s0217751x10047555 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 25 (04) ◽

pp. 815-836 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

CARLOS CASTRO

Keyword(s):

Empirical Formula ◽

Spin Coupling ◽

Relativity Theory ◽

Radial Dependence ◽

The Sun ◽

Doppler Shifts ◽

Pioneer Anomaly ◽

Anomalous Acceleration ◽

The Difference ◽

Extended Relativity

It is rigorously shown how the extended relativity theory in Clifford spaces (C-spaces) can explain the variable radial dependence ap(r) of the Pioneer anomaly; its sign (pointing towards the Sun); why planets do not experience the anomalous acceleration and why the present day value of the Hubble scale RH appears. It is the curvature–spin coupling of the planetary motions that hold the key. The difference in the rate at which clocks tick in C-space translates into the C-space analog of Doppler shifts which may explain the anomalous redshifts in cosmology, where objects which are not that far apart from each other exhibit very different redshifts. We conclude by showing how the empirical formula for the flybys anomalies obtained by Anderson et al.17 can be derived within the framework of Clifford geometry.

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A model for the pioneer anomaly

Canadian Journal of Physics ◽

10.1139/p09-076 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 87 (10) ◽

pp. 1089-1093 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ivan G. Avramidi ◽

Guglielmo Fucci

Keyword(s):

General Relativity ◽

Test Particles ◽

Pioneer Anomaly ◽

Modified Theory Of Gravity ◽

Anomalous Acceleration ◽

Theory Of Gravity ◽

Modified Theory ◽

Pioneer 10

In a previous work, we showed that massive test particles exhibit a nongeodesic acceleration in a modified theory of gravity obtained by a noncommutative deformation of General Relativity (so-called Matrix Gravity). We propose that this nongeodesic acceleration might be the origin of the anomalous acceleration experienced by the Pioneer 10 and Pioneer 11 spacecrafts.

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CAN CONVENTIONAL FORCES REALLY EXPLAIN THE ANOMALOUS ACCELERATION OF PIONEER 10/11?

International Journal of Modern Physics D ◽

10.1142/s021827180400489x ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 13 (05) ◽

pp. 865-870 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

J. P. MBELEK ◽

M. MICHALSKI

Keyword(s):

Observational Data ◽

Doppler Shift ◽

Reaction Force ◽

Rate Change ◽

Shift Analysis ◽

Pioneer Anomaly ◽

Anomalous Acceleration ◽

Pioneer 10 ◽

Good Agreement

A conventional explanation of the correlation between the linear and the angular accelerations of Pioneer 10/11 spacecraft is given. First, the rotational Doppler shift analysis is improved. Finally, a relation between the radio beam reaction force and the spin-rate change is established. Computations are found in good agreement with observational data. Our analysis leads us to the conclusion that the Pioneer anomaly may not necessarily be due to systematics.

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The Distinction between [P] and [S]

10.23943/princeton/9780691161006.003.0018 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Galen Strawson

Keyword(s):

Personal Identity ◽

Radical Change ◽

Legal Responsibility ◽

The Difference ◽

Definition Of ◽

Over Time

This chapter examines the difference between John Locke's definition of a person [P], considered as a kind of thing, and his definition of a subject of experience of a certain sophisticated sort [S]. It first discusses the equation [P] = [S], where [S] is assumed to be a continuing thing that is able to survive radical change of substantial realization, as well as Locke's position about consciousness in relation to [P]'s identity or existence over time as [S]. It argues that Locke is not guilty of circularity because he is not proposing consciousness as the determinant of [S]'s identity over time, but only of [S]'s moral and legal responsibility over time. Finally, it suggests that the terms “Person” and “Personal identity” pull apart, in Locke's scheme of things, but in a perfectly coherent way.

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L'anglicisme dans la langue française

Digital Press Social Sciences and Humanities ◽

10.29037/digitalpress.43286 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 ◽

pp. 00013

Author(s):

Danny Susanto

Keyword(s):

English Language ◽

Oil Industry ◽

English Word ◽

Public Institutions ◽

Font Size ◽

The World ◽

French Speaking ◽

The Difference ◽

Definition Of ◽

Bibliographic Study

The purpose of this study is to analyze the phenomenon known as “anglicism”: a loan made to the English language by another language. Anglicism arose either from the adoption of an English word as a result of a translation defect despite the existence of an equivalent term in the language of the speaker, or from a wrong translation, as a word-by-word translation. Said phenomenon is very common nowadays and most languages of the world including making use of some linguistic concepts such as anglicism, neologism, syntax, morphology etc, this article addresses various aspects related to Anglicisms in French through a bibliographic study: the definition of Anglicism, the origin of Anglicisms in French and the current situation, the areas most affected by Anglicism, the different categories of Anglicism, the difference between French Anglicism in France and French-speaking Canada, the attitude of French-speaking society towards to the Anglicisms and their efforts to stop this phenomenon. The study shows that the areas affected are, among others, trade, travel, parliamentary and judicial institutions, sports, rail, industrial production and most recently film, industrial production, sport, oil industry, information technology, science and technology. Various initiatives have been implemented either by public institutions or by individuals who share concerns about the increasingly felt threat of the omnipresence of Anglicism in everyday life.

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Energy Minimization Scheme for Split Potential Systems Using Exponential Variational Integrators

Applied Mechanics ◽

10.3390/applmech2030024 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 (3) ◽

pp. 431-441

Author(s):

Odysseas Kosmas

Keyword(s):

Numerical Solutions ◽

Oscillatory Behavior ◽

Lagrangian Function ◽

Computational Time ◽

Variational Integrators ◽

Weighted Sum ◽

Lagrange Equations ◽

Exponential Functions ◽

Intermediate Time ◽

Definition Of

In previous works we developed a methodology of deriving variational integrators to provide numerical solutions of systems having oscillatory behavior. These schemes use exponential functions to approximate the intermediate configurations and velocities, which are then placed into the discrete Lagrangian function characterizing the physical system. We afterwards proved that, higher order schemes can be obtained through the corresponding discrete Euler–Lagrange equations and the definition of a weighted sum of “continuous intermediate Lagrangians” each of them evaluated at an intermediate time node. In the present article, we extend these methods so as to include Lagrangians of split potential systems, namely, to address cases when the potential function can be decomposed into several components. Rather than using many intermediate points for the complete Lagrangian, in this work we introduce different numbers of intermediate points, resulting within the context of various reliable quadrature rules, for the various potentials. Finally, we assess the accuracy, convergence and computational time of the proposed technique by testing and comparing them with well known standards.

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Identity, Community and Belonging in gcc States

Sociology of Islam ◽

10.1163/22131418-00604004 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (4) ◽

pp. 401-428

Author(s):

Miriam R. Lowi

Keyword(s):

Religious Affiliation ◽

Protective Role ◽

The Other ◽

National Project ◽

Scholarly Literature ◽

National Community ◽

The Difference ◽

Definition Of

Studies of identity and belonging in Gulf monarchies tend to privilege tribal or religious affiliation, if not the protective role of the ruler as paterfamilias. I focus instead on the ubiquitous foreigner and explore ways in which s/he contributes to the definition of national community in contemporary gcc states. Building upon and moving beyond the scholarly literature on imported labor in the Gulf, I suggest that the different ‘categories’ of foreigners impact identity and the consolidation of a community of privilege, in keeping with the national project of ruling families. Furthermore, I argue that the ‘European,’ the non-gcc Arab, and the predominantly Asian (and increasingly African) laborer play similar, but also distinct roles in the delineation of national community: while they are differentially incorporated in ways that protect the ‘nation’ and appease the citizen-subject, varying degrees of marginality reflect Gulf society’s perceptions or aspirations of the difference between itself and ‘the other(s).’

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