GRAVITATIONAL MODEL OF THE THREE ELEMENTS THEORY

2011 ◽  
Vol 20 (supp02) ◽  
pp. 78-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
FREDERIC LASSIAILLE
Keyword(s):  
General Relativity ◽  
Dark Matter ◽  
Alternative Theory ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Gravitational Model ◽  
Perihelion Advance ◽  
Pioneer Anomaly ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Small Change ◽  
Element Theory

The gravitational model of the three elements theory is an alternative theory to dark matter. It uses a modification of Newton's law in order to explain gravitational mysteries. The results of this model are explanations for the dark matter mysteries, the Pioneer anomaly, and the disparities of the measurements of G. Concerning the earth flyby anomalies, the theoretical order of magnitude is the same as the experimental one. A very small change of the perihelion advance of the planet orbits is calculated by this model. Meanwhile, this gravitational model is perfectly compatible with restricted relativity and general relativity, and is part of the three element theory, a unifying theory.

scholarly journals Reference Frame/Coordinate System in General Relativity

1986 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 113-116
Author(s):  
Toshio Fukushima
Keyword(s):  
General Relativity ◽  
Coordinate System ◽  
Reference Frame ◽  
Relativistic Effects ◽  
Speed Of Light ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Order Of Magnitude

The order of magnitude of relativistic effects is expressed as the power of v/c where v is a typical speed of objects and c is the speed of light in vacuum. In the neighbourhood of the Earth, v ≅ 30 km/s. Then the magnitudes of the relativistic effects are ordered as follows:

scholarly journals LONG RANGE GRAVITY TESTS AND THE PIONEER ANOMALY

2007 ◽  
Vol 16 (12a) ◽  
pp. 2091-2105 ◽  
Author(s):  
SERGE REYNAUD ◽  
MARC-THIERRY JAEKEL
Keyword(s):  
General Relativity ◽  
Dark Matter ◽  
Dark Energy ◽  
Solar System ◽  
Equivalence Principle ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Pioneer Anomaly ◽  
New Space ◽  
Tests Of Gravity ◽  
Good Agreement

Experimental tests of gravity performed in the solar system show a good agreement with general relativity. The latter is, however, challenged by the Pioneer anomaly, which might be pointing at some modification of gravity law at ranges of the order of the size of the solar system. As this question could be related to the puzzles of "dark matter" or "dark energy," it is important to test it with care. There exist metric extensions of general relativity which preserve the well-verified equivalence principle while possibly changing the metric solution in the solar system. Such extensions have the capability to preserve compatibility with existing gravity tests while opening free space for the Pioneer anomaly. They constitute arguments for new mission designs and new space technologies as well as for having a new look at data of already-performed experiments.

The Influence of Nitrogen Position on Charge Carrier Mobility in Enantiopure Aza[6]helicene Crystals

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Salerno ◽  
Beth Rice ◽  
Julia Schmidt ◽  
Matthew J. Fuchter ◽  
Jenny Nelson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Charge Carrier ◽  
Carrier Mobility ◽  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Crystal Packing ◽  
Charge Carrier Mobility ◽  
Individual Factor ◽  
Charge Mobility ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Small Change

<p>The properties of an organic semiconductor are dependent on both the chemical structure of the molecule involved, and how it is arranged in the solid-state. It is challenging to extract the influence of each individual factor, as small changes in the molecular structure often dramatically change the crystal packing and hence solid-state structure. Here, we use calculations to explore the influence of the nitrogen position on the charge mobility of a chiral organic molecule when the crystal packing is kept constant. The transfer integrals for a series of enantiopure aza[6]helicene crystals sharing the same packing were analysed in order to identify the best supramolecular motifs to promote charge carrier mobility. The regioisomers considered differ only in the positioning of the nitrogen atom in the aromatic scaffold. The simulations showed that even this small change in the chemical structure has a strong effect on the charge transport in the crystal, leading to differences in charge mobility of up to one order of magnitude. Some aza[6]helicene isomers that were packed interlocked with each other showed high HOMO-HOMO integrals (up to 70 meV), whilst molecules arranged with translational symmetry generally afforded the highest LUMO-LUMO integrals (40 - 70 meV). As many of the results are not intuitively obvious, a computational approach provides additional insight into the design of new semiconducting organic materials.</p>

scholarly journals Some Special Types of Orbits around Jupiter

Aerospace ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 183
Author(s):  
Yongjie Liu ◽  
Yu Jiang ◽  
Hengnian Li ◽  
Hui Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Gravity Model ◽  
Small Perturbation ◽  
Equilibrium Points ◽  
Major Axis ◽  
Semi Major Axis ◽  
Ground Track ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Degenerate Equilibrium ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Element Theory

This paper intends to show some special types of orbits around Jupiter based on the mean element theory, including stationary orbits, sun-synchronous orbits, orbits at the critical inclination, and repeating ground track orbits. A gravity model concerning only the perturbations of J2 and J4 terms is used here. Compared with special orbits around the Earth, the orbit dynamics differ greatly: (1) There do not exist longitude drifts on stationary orbits due to non-spherical gravity since only J2 and J4 terms are taken into account in the gravity model. All points on stationary orbits are degenerate equilibrium points. Moreover, the satellite will oscillate in the radial and North-South directions after a sufficiently small perturbation of stationary orbits. (2) The inclinations of sun-synchronous orbits are always bigger than 90 degrees, but smaller than those for satellites around the Earth. (3) The critical inclinations are no-longer independent of the semi-major axis and eccentricity of the orbits. The results show that if the eccentricity is small, the critical inclinations will decrease as the altitudes of orbits increase; if the eccentricity is larger, the critical inclinations will increase as the altitudes of orbits increase. (4) The inclinations of repeating ground track orbits are monotonically increasing rapidly with respect to the altitudes of orbits.

scholarly journals On N-body simulations of globular cluster streams

2021 ◽  
Vol 504 (1) ◽  
pp. 648-653
Author(s):  
Nilanjan Banik ◽  
Jo Bovy
Keyword(s):  
Dark Matter ◽  
Cold Dark Matter ◽  
Analytical Models ◽  
Numerical Density ◽  
Stellar Streams ◽  
Small Scales ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Low Mass ◽  
Stream Density ◽  
Tidal Streams

ABSTRACT Stellar tidal streams are sensitive tracers of the properties of the gravitational potential in which they orbit and detailed observations of their density structure can be used to place stringent constraints on fluctuations in the potential caused by, e.g. the expected populations of dark matter subhaloes in the standard cold dark matter (CDM) paradigm. Simulations of the evolution of stellar streams in live N-body haloes without low-mass dark matter subhaloes, however, indicate that streams exhibit significant perturbations on small scales even in the absence of substructure. Here, we demonstrate, using high-resolution N-body simulations combined with sophisticated semi-analytical and simple analytical models, that the mass resolutions of 104–$10^5\, \rm {M}_{\odot }$ commonly used to perform such simulations cause spurious stream density variations with a similar magnitude on large scales as those expected from a CDM-like subhalo population and an order of magnitude larger on small, yet observable, scales. We estimate that mass resolutions of ${\approx}100\, \rm {M}_{\odot }$ (${\approx}1\, \rm {M}_{\odot }$) are necessary for spurious, numerical density variations to be well below the CDM subhalo expectation on large (small) scales. That streams are sensitive to a simulation’s particle mass down to such small masses indicates that streams are sensitive to dark matter clustering down to these low masses if a significant fraction of the dark matter is clustered or concentrated in this way, for example, in MACHO models with masses of 10–$100\, \rm {M}_{\odot }$.

scholarly journals The potentially hazardous NEA 2001 BB16

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 180-190
Author(s):  
Ireneusz Wlodarczyk
Keyword(s):  
Mean Value ◽  
Optical Observations ◽  
Uniform Sampling ◽  
The Earth ◽  
22Nd Century ◽  
Lyapunov Time ◽  
Gravitational Model ◽  
Calculated Probability ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
The Impact

AbstractWe computed the impact solutions of the potentially dangerous Near Earth Asteroid (NEA) 2001 BB16 based on 47 optical observations from January 20.08316 UTC, 2001, through February 09.15740 UTC, 2016, and one radar observation from January 19.90347 UTC, 2016. We used two methods to sample the starting Line of Variation (LOV). First method, called thereafter LOV1, with the uniform sampling of the LOV parameter, out to LOV = 5 computing 3000 virtual asteroids (VAs) on both sides of the LOV, which gives 6001 VAs and propagated their orbits to JD2525000.5 TDT=February 12, 2201. We computed the non-gravitational parameterA2=(34.55±7.38)·10–14 au/d2 for nominal orbit of 2001 BB16 and possible impacts with the Earth until 2201. For potential impact in 2195 we find A2=20.0·10−14 au/d2. With a positive value of A2, 2001 BB16 can be prograde rotator. Moreover, we computed Lyapunov Time (LT) for 2001 BB16, which for all VAs, has a mean value of about 25 y. We showed that impact solutions, including the calculated probability of a possible collision of a 2001 BB16 asteroid with the Earth depends on how to calculate and take into account the appropriate gravitational model, including the number of perturbing massive asteroids. In some complicated cases, it may depend also on the number of clones calculated for a given sigma LOV1. The second method of computing the impact solutions, called thereafter LOV2, is based on a non-uniformly sampling of the LOV. We showed that different methods of sampling the LOV can give different impact solutions, but all computed dates of possible impacts of the asteroid 2001 BB16 with the Earth occur in accordance at the end of the 22nd century.

scholarly journals MODIFIED GRAVITY AS A COMMON CAUSE FOR COSMIC ACCELERATION AND FLAT GALAXY ROTATION CURVES

2012 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. 1242002 ◽  
Author(s):  
PRITI MISHRA ◽  
TEJINDER P. SINGH
Keyword(s):  
Dark Matter ◽  
Dark Energy ◽  
Cosmic Acceleration ◽  
Accelerating Universe ◽  
Rotation Curves ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Flat Rotation Curves ◽  
Acceleration Of The Universe ◽  
Galaxy Rotation Curves

Flat galaxy rotation curves and the accelerating Universe both imply the existence of a critical acceleration, which is of the same order of magnitude in both the cases, in spite of the galactic and cosmic length scales being vastly different. Yet, it is customary to explain galactic acceleration by invoking gravitationally bound dark matter, and cosmic acceleration by invoking a "repulsive" dark energy. Instead, might it not be the case that the flatness of rotation curves and the acceleration of the Universe have a common cause? In this essay we propose a modified theory of gravity. By applying the theory on galactic scales we demonstrate flat rotation curves without dark matter, and by applying it on cosmological scales we demonstrate cosmic acceleration without dark energy.

scholarly journals A NON-GEODESIC MOTION IN THE R-1 THEORY OF GRAVITY TUNED WITH OBSERVATIONS

2008 ◽  
Vol 23 (02) ◽  
pp. 109-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
CHRISTIAN CORDA
Keyword(s):  
Dark Matter ◽  
High Order ◽  
Ricci Scalar ◽  
Geodesic Motion ◽  
General Picture ◽  
Test Particles ◽  
Pioneer Anomaly ◽  
Theories Of Gravity ◽  
Theory Of Gravity

In the general picture of high order theories of gravity, recently, the R-1 theory has been analyzed in two different frameworks. In this letter a third context is added, considering an explicit coupling between the R-1 function of the Ricci scalar and the matter Lagrangian. The result is a non-geodesic motion of test particles which, in principle, could be connected with Dark Matter and Pioneer anomaly problems.

Can a tensorial analogue of gravitational force explain away the galactic rotation curves without dark matter?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ram Gopal Vishwakarma
Keyword(s):  
Dark Matter ◽  
Tensor Field ◽  
Gravitational Force ◽  
Direct Detection ◽  
Alternative Theory ◽  
Galactic Rotation ◽  
Rotation Curves ◽  
Modern Physics ◽  
Flat Rotation Curves ◽  
Relativistic Analogue

The dark matter problem is one of the most pressing problems in modern physics. As there is no well-established claim from a direct detection experiment supporting the existence of the illusive dark matter that has been postulated to explain the flat rotation curves of galaxies, and since the whole issue of an alternative theory of gravity remains controversial, it may be worth to reconsider the familiar ground of general relativity (GR) itself for a possible way out. It has recently been discovered that a skew-symmetric rank-three tensor field — the Lanczos tensor field — that generates the Weyl tensor differentially, provides a proper relativistic analogue of the Newtonian gravitational force. By taking account of its conformal invariance, the Lanczos tensor leads to a modified acceleration law which can explain, within the framework of GR itself, the flat rotation curves of galaxies without the need for any dark matter whatsoever.

scholarly journals Neutron stars as probes of dark matter

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (14) ◽  
pp. 2043028
Author(s):  
M. Ángeles Pérez-García ◽  
Joseph Silk
Keyword(s):  
General Relativity ◽  
Dark Matter ◽  
Equation Of State ◽  
Neutron Stars ◽  
Internal Structure ◽  
Stellar Objects ◽  
Ordinary Matter ◽  
Stable Solutions ◽  
The Universe

Neutron Stars (NSs) are compact stellar objects that are stable solutions in General Relativity. Their internal structure is usually described using an equation of state that involves the presence of ordinary matter and its interactions. However there is now a large consensus that an elusive sector of matter in the universe, described as dark matter, remains as yet undiscovered. In such a case, NSs should contain both, baryonic and dark matter. We argue that depending on the nature of the dark matter and in certain circumstances, the two matter components would form a mixture inside NSs that could trigger further changes, some of them observable. The very existence of NSs constrains the nature and interactions of dark matter in the universe.

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