The polarized structure function from the nonextensive statistics

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (12) ◽  
pp. 1650101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Augusto Trevisan
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Structure Function ◽  
Nonextensive Statistics ◽  
Made In

In the present work, the effects of the nonextensivity are considered in a model to obtain the polarized structure function for the proton and neutron, including the strange contribution for each one. Any type of symmetry is made in consequence of the experimental data involved.

scholarly journals Through what mechanisms do protected areas affect environmental and social outcomes?

2015 ◽  
Vol 370 (1681) ◽  
pp. 20140267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul J. Ferraro ◽  
Merlin M. Hanauer
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Strong Evidence ◽  
Protected Area ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Social Outcomes ◽  
Causal Effects ◽  
The Past ◽  
Made In

To develop effective protected area policies, scholars and practitioners must better understand the mechanisms through which protected areas affect social and environmental outcomes. With strong evidence about mechanisms, the key elements of success can be strengthened, and the key elements of failure can be eliminated or repaired. Unfortunately, empirical evidence about these mechanisms is limited, and little guidance for quantifying them exists. This essay assesses what mechanisms have been hypothesized, what empirical evidence exists for their relative contributions and what advances have been made in the past decade for estimating mechanism causal effects from non-experimental data. The essay concludes with a proposed agenda for building an evidence base about protected area mechanisms.

scholarly journals Comparative analysis of methods to determine deflection in steel beams: theoretical analysis, finite element and experimental

2020 ◽  
pp. 32-37
Author(s):  
Gabriela Alor-Saavedra ◽  
Francisco Alejandro Alaffita-Hernández ◽  
Beatris Adriana Escobedo-Trujillo ◽  
Oscar Fernando Silva-Aguilar
Keyword(s):  
Differential Equation ◽  
Experimental Data ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Theoretical Analysis ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Steel Beams ◽  
Physical Systems ◽  
Theoretical Part ◽  
Made In

This work makes a comparative study of two methods to determine deflection in steel beams: (a) Theoretical and (b) Finite element. For method (a) the solution of the differential equation associated with the modeling of the deflection of a beam is found, while for method (b) a simulation is made in Solidworks. Both methods are compared with experimental data in order to analyze which of the methods presents less uncertainty and show the usefulness of the theoretical part in the modeling of physical systems.

scholarly journals Anticoagulant proteins from snake venoms: structure, function and mechanism

2006 ◽  
Vol 397 (3) ◽  
pp. 377-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Manjunatha Kini
Keyword(s):  
Structure Function ◽  
Blood Coagulation ◽  
Snake Venom ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Cerebrovascular Diseases ◽  
Clot Formation ◽  
Snake Venoms ◽  
New Anticoagulants ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Made In

Over the last several decades, research on snake venom toxins has provided not only new tools to decipher molecular details of various physiological processes, but also inspiration to design and develop a number of therapeutic agents. Blood circulation, particularly thrombosis and haemostasis, is one of the major targets of several snake venom proteins. Among them, anticoagulant proteins have contributed to our understanding of molecular mechanisms of blood coagulation and have provided potential new leads for the development of drugs to treat or to prevent unwanted clot formation. Some of these anticoagulants exhibit various enzymatic activities whereas others do not. They interfere in normal blood coagulation by different mechanisms. Although significant progress has been made in understanding the structure–function relationships and the mechanisms of some of these anticoagulants, there are still a number of questions to be answered as more new anticoagulants are being discovered. Such studies contribute to our fight against unwanted clot formation, which leads to death and debilitation in cardiac arrest and stroke in patients with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, arteriosclerosis and hypertension. This review describes the details of the structure, mechanism and structure–function relationships of anticoagulant proteins from snake venoms.

ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS IN AN N‐LAYER ANISOTROPIC HALF‐SPACE

Geophysics ◽  
1967 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 668-677 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas P. O’Brien ◽  
H. F. Morrison
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Experimental Data ◽  
Plane Wave ◽  
Half Space ◽  
Electric Fields ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Large Scatter ◽  
Tensor Impedance ◽  
The Magnetic Field ◽  
Made In

From Maxwell’s equations and Ohm’s law for a horizontally anisotropic medium, it may be shown that two independent plane wave modes propagate perpendicular to the plane of the anisotropy. Boundary conditions at the interfaces in an n‐layered model permit the calculation, through successive matrix multiplications, of the fields at the surface in terms of the fields propagated into the basal infinite half space. Specifying the magnetic field at the surface allows the calculation of the resultant electric fields, and the calculation of the entries of a tensor impedance relationship. These calculations have been programmed for the digital computer and an interpretation of impedances obtained from field measurements may thus be made in terms of the anisotropic layering. In addition, apparent resistivities in orthogonal directions have been calculated for specific models and compared to experimental data. It is apparent that the large scatter of observed resistivities can be caused by small changes in the polarization of the magnetic field.

Cold-Set Whey Protein Isolate Gels Prepared with Mg2+: Denaturing Conditions and Phase Diagram

2009 ◽  
Vol 283-286 ◽  
pp. 559-564 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Vázquez da Silva ◽  
João M.P.Q. Delgado
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Phase Diagram ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Whey Protein ◽  
Elastic Properties ◽  
Magnesium Chloride ◽  
Whey Protein Isolate ◽  
Protein Isolate ◽  
Viscoelastic Behaviour ◽  
Made In

Cold-set gels of whey protein isolate (WPI) were produced. The cold gelation was induced through the addition of magnesium chloride whose cation is an alternative to the most common cations used in this kind of gelation. A phase diagram for denatured WPI in magnesium was determined by varying protein and salt concentrations. In this diagram the protein and cation concentrations varied from 0.3 to 8.0 wt % and 1 to 75 mM, respectively. The viscoelastic behaviour of the WPI was analysed, whereas gels elastic properties were measured by means of texture tests. Mathematical manipulation of the experimental data relative to the puncture tests was made in order to obtain the Young’s modulus for each cold-set gel.

The Finite Element Analysis of New Forged Coupler Knuckle

2013 ◽  
Vol 367 ◽  
pp. 122-125
Author(s):  
Guang Xin Wang ◽  
Xiang Shun Bu ◽  
Lin Jie Li ◽  
Li Li Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Direct Relationship ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Compression Load ◽  
The Finite Element Analysis ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Element Technique ◽  
Working Situation ◽  
Made In

As one of the most important load-bearing parts, coupler knuckle has a direct relationship with the safety in operation and reliability of the freight trains. A new forged coupler knuckle is made in order to meet the challenge to export ore train to Australia. Using the finite element technique, the stress characteristics of forged coupler knuckle under 1225kN load in tension and 1500kN compression load are evaluated. Simplify the load and boundary condition depend on the real working situation, the numerical simulation results coincide with experimental data.

Relationship between Strain and Velocity for Ground Vehicle Vibration

2012 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
George White
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Ground Vehicle ◽  
Time Frequency ◽  
Vibration Data ◽  
Strain Data ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Vehicle Platform ◽  
Made In

This paper uses experimental vibration data to evaluate the relationship between strain and velocity on a ground vehicle platform. The data also are used to compare the acceleration and the strain. Comparisons are made in the time, frequency, and damage domains. The results clearly show the strain data are more closely related to the vibratory velocity than to the acceleration, but the analysis is complicated somewhat by characteristics of the experimental data set.

Computer Simulation of Solid Electrolyte Fuel Cells

1990 ◽  
Vol 112 (2) ◽  
pp. 114-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. R. Dunbar ◽  
R. A. Gaggioli
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Solid Electrolyte ◽  
Simulated Performance ◽  
Voltage Loss ◽  
Overall Performance ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Fundamental Physical ◽  
Physical Principles ◽  
Made In

This paper presents the results of mathematical modeling of the performance of solid electrolyte fuel cells. The system of fundamental physical equations has been solved using a computer program which was developed expressly for this purpose, in order to simulate the performance of arrays of fuel cells for which experimental data exists in the literature. The comparison of experimental data and simulated performance is excellent. The results of the simulation show the influence of each irreversible process within the fuel cell, quantitatively; that is, the relative importance of each source of inefficiency—and the consequent voltage loss—is determined. Because certain rate constants (for diffusion and for chemical kinetics) employed in the model were obtained by regression, it cannot be claimed that the ability to fit the experimental data is a definitive test of the model; more work is needed for that purpose. Nevertheless, it is shown that (a) modeling of fuel cells on the basis of basic physical principles is a worthwhile venture, (b) the model presented here simulates performance well and warrants further development, and (c) it not only simulates the overall performance of the cells, but also provides the important breakdown of the effects of each irreversibility in the cells. Furthermore, specific recommendations are made in this paper for improving the model.

scholarly journals The oblique reflexion of very long wireless waves from the ionosphere

1947 ◽  
Vol 189 (1016) ◽  
pp. 130-147 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Experimental Data ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Plane Waves ◽  
Angle Of Incidence ◽  
Vertical Magnetic Field ◽  
Radio Waves ◽  
Contour Integrals ◽  
General Terms ◽  
Made In

An attempt is made in the paper to provide a satisfactory theoretical basis for a future discussion of the experimental data on the propagation of very long radio waves (18,800 m.) given by Best, Ratcliffe & Wilkes, and Budden, Ratcliffe & Wilkes. The reflexion of very long plane waves incident obliquely on a horizontally stratified ionized medium with a vertical magnetic field is first considered in general terms, and it is shown that the medium can be divided into a transition region and a reflecting region. If the ionization in the reflecting region increases linearly with height it is shown that propagation is governed by the following equations: ∂ 2 L / ∂ζ 2 + (α + ζ) L + β M = 0, ∂ 2 M / ∂ζ 2 + (α - ζ) M + β L = 0, where α and β are constants depending on the angle of incidence. Under the conditions of the experiments β is small, and a solution, in terms of contour integrals, valid in this case is obtained.

Modeling the Onset of Gas Entrainment in a Single Downward Discharge From a Stratified Gas-Liquid Region With Liquid Crossflow

2009 ◽  
Vol 131 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Bowden ◽  
I. G. Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Froude Number ◽  
Liquid Region ◽  
Flow Conditions ◽  
Critical Height ◽  
High Discharge ◽  
Gas Entrainment ◽  
Model Predictions ◽  
Pipe Inlet ◽  
Made In

The critical height at the onset of gas entrainment, in a single downward oriented discharge from a stratified gas-liquid region with liquid crossflow, was modeled. The assumptions made in the development of the model reduced the problem to that of a potential flow. The discharge was modeled as a point-sink while the crossflow was said to be uniform at the main pipe inlet. The potential function was determined from a superposition of known solutions for a point-sink and uniform flow. The resulting system of three equations demonstrated that the flow field was dominated by the discharge and crossflow Froude numbers. The system was solved numerically and provided a relationship between the geometry, flow conditions, dip location, and critical height. The model predicted that the critical height increased with the discharge Froude number and decreased with the crossflow Froude number. With no imposed crossflow, the model prediction demonstrated agreement with transient and quasisteady experimental data to within ±30%. Existing experimental correlations showed inconsistent crossflow effects on the critical height and disagreed with the model predictions at high discharge Froude numbers.

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