Dissipation, Entropy, Chaos in Quantum Physics

1998 ◽  
Vol 07 (01) ◽  
pp. 107-119
Author(s):  
Michael Danos
Keyword(s):  
Probability Measure ◽  
Thermal Equilibrium ◽  
Quantum Physics ◽  
Measure Zero ◽  
Chaotic Behavior ◽  
Quantum Systems ◽  
Classical Systems ◽  
Heisenberg Uncertainty ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Impact

As a consequence of the Heisenberg uncertainty any quantum physics system inescapably undergoes relaxation towards thermal equilibrium, thus towards maximum entropy. The non-dissipative states have probability measure zero and cannot exist in nature. The impact these results have on chaotic behavior of quantum systems will be discussed, as well as the difference between quantum and classical systems, which have vanishing uncertainty.

scholarly journals Quantum Entanglement in Time

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Del Rajan
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Information ◽  
Quantum Physics ◽  
Information Science ◽  
Quantum Effect ◽  
Relativistic Quantum ◽  
Theoretical Aspect ◽  
Quantum Systems ◽  
Quantum Communications ◽  
Information Encoding ◽  
Classical Systems

<p>This thesis is in the field of quantum information science, which is an area that reconceptualizes quantum physics in terms of information.  Central to this area is the quantum effect of entanglement in space.  It is an interdependence among two or more spatially separated quantum systems that would be impossible to replicate by classical systems.  Alternatively, an entanglement in space can also be viewed as a resource in quantum information in that it allows the ability to perform information tasks that would be impossible or very difficult to do with only classical information.  Two such astonishing applications are quantum communications which can be harnessed for teleportation, and quantum computers which can drastically outperform the best classical supercomputers.   In this thesis our focus is on the theoretical aspect of the field, and we provide one of the first expositions on an analogous quantum effect known as entanglement in time.  It can be viewed as an interdependence of quantum systems across time, which is stronger than could ever exist between classical systems.  We explore this temporal effect within the study of quantum information and its foundations as well as through relativistic quantum information.  An original contribution of this thesis is the design of one of the first quantum information applications of entanglement in time, namely a quantum blockchain.  We describe how the entanglement in time provides the quantum advantage over a classical blockchain.  Furthermore, the information encoding procedure of this quantum blockchain can be interpreted as non-classically influencing the past, and hence the system can be viewed as a `quantum time machine.'</p>

QUANTUMNESS OF ENSEMBLE FROM NO-BROADCASTING PRINCIPLE

2006 ◽  
Vol 04 (01) ◽  
pp. 105-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
MICHAł HORODECKI ◽  
PAWEł HORODECKI ◽  
RYSZARD HORODECKI ◽  
MARCO PIANI
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Information ◽  
Information Content ◽  
Quantum Physics ◽  
Single Copy ◽  
Quantum Systems ◽  
Quantum States ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Permanence Property ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Difference

Quantum information, though not precisely defined, is a fundamental concept of quantum information theory which predicts many fascinating phenomena and provides new physical resources. A basic problem is to recognize the features of quantum systems responsible for those phenomena. One of these important features is that non-commuting quantum states cannot be broadcast: two copies cannot be obtained out of a single copy, not even reproduced marginally on separate systems. We focus on the difference in information content between one copy and two copies, which is a basic manifestation of the gap between quantum and classical information. We show that if the chosen information measure is the Holevo quantity, the difference between the information content of one copy and two copies is zero if and only if the states can be broadcast. We propose a new approach in defining measures of quantumness of ensembles based on the difference in information content between the original ensemble and the ensemble of duplicated states. We comment on the permanence property of quantum states and the recently introduced superbroadcasting operation. We also provide an appendix where we discuss the status of quantum information in quantum physics, based on the so-called isomorphism principle.

scholarly journals Dynamics of Open Quantum Systems II, Markovian Approximation

Quantum ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 616
Author(s):  
Marco Merkli
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Equilibrium ◽  
Open Quantum Systems ◽  
Quantum Systems ◽  
Coupling Constant ◽  
Full System ◽  
Markovian Semigroup ◽  
Finite Dimensional ◽  
Markovian Dynamics ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Lindblad Master Equation

A finite-dimensional quantum system is coupled to a bath of oscillators in thermal equilibrium at temperature T&#x003E;0. We show that for fixed, small values of the coupling constant &#x03BB;, the true reduced dynamics of the system is approximated by the completely positive, trace preserving Markovian semigroup generated by the Davies-Lindblad generator. The difference between the true and the Markovian dynamics is O(|&#x03BB;|1/4) for all times, meaning that the solution of the Gorini-Kossakowski-Sudarshan-Lindblad master equation is approximating the true dynamics to accuracy O(|&#x03BB;|1/4) for all times. Our method is based on a recently obtained expansion of the full system-bath propagator. It applies to reservoirs with correlation functions decaying in time as 1/t4 or faster, which is a significant improvement relative to the previously required exponential decay.

scholarly journals Quantum Entanglement in Time

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Del Rajan
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Information ◽  
Quantum Physics ◽  
Information Science ◽  
Quantum Effect ◽  
Relativistic Quantum ◽  
Theoretical Aspect ◽  
Quantum Systems ◽  
Quantum Communications ◽  
Information Encoding ◽  
Classical Systems

<p>This thesis is in the field of quantum information science, which is an area that reconceptualizes quantum physics in terms of information.  Central to this area is the quantum effect of entanglement in space.  It is an interdependence among two or more spatially separated quantum systems that would be impossible to replicate by classical systems.  Alternatively, an entanglement in space can also be viewed as a resource in quantum information in that it allows the ability to perform information tasks that would be impossible or very difficult to do with only classical information.  Two such astonishing applications are quantum communications which can be harnessed for teleportation, and quantum computers which can drastically outperform the best classical supercomputers.   In this thesis our focus is on the theoretical aspect of the field, and we provide one of the first expositions on an analogous quantum effect known as entanglement in time.  It can be viewed as an interdependence of quantum systems across time, which is stronger than could ever exist between classical systems.  We explore this temporal effect within the study of quantum information and its foundations as well as through relativistic quantum information.  An original contribution of this thesis is the design of one of the first quantum information applications of entanglement in time, namely a quantum blockchain.  We describe how the entanglement in time provides the quantum advantage over a classical blockchain.  Furthermore, the information encoding procedure of this quantum blockchain can be interpreted as non-classically influencing the past, and hence the system can be viewed as a `quantum time machine.'</p>

scholarly journals What is quantum in quantum randomness?

2018 ◽  
Vol 376 (2123) ◽  
pp. 20170322 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Grangier ◽  
A. Auffèves
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Mechanics ◽  
Quantum Theory ◽  
Quantum Physics ◽  
Foundations Of Quantum Mechanics ◽  
Quantum Systems ◽  
Contemporary Society ◽  
Quantum Thermodynamics ◽  
Quantum Randomness ◽  
Classical World ◽  
The Impact

It is often said that quantum and classical randomness are of different nature, the former being ontological and the latter epistemological. However, so far the question of ‘What is quantum in quantum randomness?’, i.e. what is the impact of quantization and discreteness on the nature of randomness, remains to be answered. In a first part, we make explicit the differences between quantum and classical randomness within a recently proposed ontology for quantum mechanics based on contextual objectivity. In this view, quantum randomness is the result of contextuality and quantization. We show that this approach strongly impacts the purposes of quantum theory as well as its areas of application. In particular, it challenges current programmes inspired by classical reductionism, aiming at the emergence of the classical world from a large number of quantum systems. In a second part, we analyse quantum physics and thermodynamics as theories of randomness, unveiling their mutual influences. We finally consider new technological applications of quantum randomness that have opened up in the emerging field of quantum thermodynamics. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘Foundations of quantum mechanics and their impact on contemporary society’.

scholarly journals High-Dimensiоnаl Quаntum Сlоning

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (VII) ◽  
pp. 1635-1639
Author(s):  
Kulsum Khan S. A
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Key Distribution ◽  
Quantum Physics ◽  
Quantum Systems ◽  
Quantum Cloning ◽  
Quantum Communications ◽  
Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle ◽  
Heisenberg Uncertainty ◽  
No Signaling ◽  
Photonic States ◽  
Low Dimensional

Tries at cloning a quantum tool result in the arrival of imperfections in the nation of the copies. this is a outcome of the no-cloning theorem, that is a vital law of quantum physics and the spine of protection for quantum communications. in spite of the reality that ideal copies are prohibited, a quantum country may be copied with maximal accuracy through severa most top notch cloning schemes. maximum beneficial quantum cloning, which lies at the border of the bodily restrict imposed by way of the no-signaling theorem and the Heisenberg uncertainty principle, has been experimentally found out for low-dimensional photonic states. however, an growth in the dimension-ality of quantum structures is notably beneficial to quantum computation and communication protocols. despite the reality that, no experimental demonstration of most beneficial cloning machines has hitherto been shown for excessive-dimensional quantum systems. We carry out most proper cloning of excessive-dimensional photonic states thru the symmetrization approach. We display the universality of our technique thru carrying out cloning of numerous arbi-trary enter states and really signify our cloning tool with the useful resource of appearing quantum nation tomography on cloned photons. similarly, a cloning assault on a Bennett and Brassard (BB84) quantum key distribution protocol is ex-perimentally showed to expose the robustness of excessive-dimensional states in quantum cryptography.

Evaluation of the impact of public investment programs on social and economic performance of territories

2019 ◽  
pp. 109-123
Author(s):  
I. E. Limonov ◽  
M. V. Nesena
Keyword(s):  
Bayesian Modeling ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Public Investment ◽  
Difference In Differences ◽  
The Public ◽  
Export Activity ◽  
Regional Investment ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Development Institution

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the impact of public investment programs on the socio-economic development of territories. As a case, the federal target programs for the development of regions and investment programs of the financial development institution — Vnesheconombank, designed to solve the problems of regional development are considered. The impact of the public interventions were evaluated by the “difference in differences” method using Bayesian modeling. The results of the evaluation suggest the positive impact of federal target programs on the total factor productivity of regions and on innovation; and that regional investment programs of Vnesheconombank are improving the export activity. All of the investments considered are likely to have contributed to the reduction of unemployment, but their implementation has been accompanied by an increase in social inequality.

The Use of Multimedia and its Impact on Bangladeshi EFL Learners at Tertiary Level

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 150
Author(s):  
Farzana Sharmin Pamela Islam
Keyword(s):  
Language Learning ◽  
Academic Writing ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
English Language ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Tertiary Level ◽  
Language Classroom ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

As 21st century is the era of modern technologies with different aspects, it offers us to make the best use of them. After tape recorder and overhead projector (OHP), multimedia has become an important part of language classroom facilities for its unique and effective application in delivering and learning lesson. Although in many parts of Bangladesh, a South Asian developing country, where English enjoys the status of a foreign language, the use of multimedia in teaching and learning is viewed as a matter of luxury. However, nowadays the usefulness and the necessity of it are well recognized by the academics as well as the government. The study aims to focus on the difference between a traditional classroom void of multimedia and multimedia equipped classrooms at university level by explaining how multimedia support the students with enhanced opportunity to interact with diverse texts that give them more in-depth comprehension of the subject. It also focuses on audio-visual advantage of multimedia on the students’ English language learning. The study has followed a qualitative method to get an in-depth understanding of the impact of using multimedia in an English language classroom at tertiary level. For this purpose, the data have been collected from two different sources. Firstly, from students’ written response to  an open ended question as to their comparative experience of learning  lessons with and without multimedia facilities; and secondly, through  observation of English language classes at a private university of Dhaka, the capital city of Bangladesh. The discussion of the study is limited to  the use of multimedia in English language classroom using cartoons, images and music with a view to enhance students’ skills in academic writing, critical analysis of image and critical appreciation of music. For this purpose, cartoons in English language, images from Google and music from You Tube have got focused discussion in this paper.

Case study: Prediction and field tests of railway noise and effects of a low-height noise barrier

2020 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 303-314
Author(s):  
Yuna Park ◽  
Hyo-In Koh ◽  
University of Science and Technology, Transpo ◽  
University of Science and Technology, Transpo ◽  
University of Science and Technology, Transpo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Railway Systems ◽  
Railway Noise ◽  
Sound Levels ◽  
Noise Barrier ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Reduction Effect ◽  
The Impact

Railway noise is calculated to predict the impact of new or reconstructed railway tracks on nearby residential areas. The results are used to prepare adequate counter- measures, and the calculation results are directly related to the cost of the action plans. The calculated values were used to produce noise maps for each area of inter- est. The Schall 03 2012 is one of the most frequently used methods for the production of noise maps. The latest version was released in 2012 and uses various input para- meters associated with the latest rail vehicles and track systems in Germany. This version has not been sufficiently used in South Korea, and there is a lack of standard guidelines and a precise manual for Korean railway systems. Thus, it is not clear what input parameters will match specific local cases. This study investigates the modeling procedure for Korean railway systems and the differences between calcu- lated railway sound levels and measured values obtained using the Schall 03 2012 model. Depending on the location of sound receivers, the difference between the cal- culated and measured values was within approximately 4 dB for various train types. In the case of high-speed trains, the value was approximately 7 dB. A noise-reducing measure was also modeled. The noise reduction effect of a low-height noise barrier system was predicted and evaluated for operating railway sites within the frame- work of a national research project in Korea. The comparison of calculated and measured values showed differences within 2.5 dB.

It Keeps Me Seeking

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Briggs ◽  
Hans Halvorson ◽  
Andrew Steane
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Biology ◽  
Quantum Physics ◽  
Natural World ◽  
Theological Reflection ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Good Argument ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Argument From Design ◽  
Relationship Of

Two scientists and a philosopher aim to show how science both enriches and is enriched by Christian faith. The text is written around four themes: 1. God is a being to be known, not a hypothesis to be tested; 2. We set a high bar on what constitutes good argument; 3. Uncertainty is OK; 4. We are allowed to open up the window that the natural world offers us. This is not a work of apologetics. Rather, the text takes an overview of various themes and gives reactions and responses, intended to place science correctly as a valued component of the life of faith. The difference between philosophical analysis and theological reflection is expounded. Questions of human identity are addressed from philosophy, computer science, quantum physics, evolutionary biology and theological reflection. Contemporary physics reveals the subtle and open nature of physical existence, and offers lessons in how to learn and how to live with incomplete knowledge. The nature and role of miracles is considered. The ‘argument from design’ is critiqued, especially arguments from fine-tuning. Logical derivation from impersonal facts is not an appropriate route to a relationship of mutual trust. Mainstream evolutionary biology is assessed to be a valuable component of our understanding, but no exploratory process can itself fully account for the nature of what is discovered. To engage deeply in science is to seek truth and to seek a better future; it is also an activity of appreciation, as one may appreciate a work of art.

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