Bajaj Auto Limited: Synergizing Product Engineering and Market Engineering Initiatives

2013 ◽  
Vol 17 (02) ◽  
pp. 305-338
Author(s):  
Manit Mishra ◽  
S. C. Sahoo
Keyword(s):  
Product Innovation ◽  
Consumer Preference ◽  
Value System ◽  
Product Engineering ◽  
Indian Consumers ◽  
History Of ◽  
Market Engineering ◽  
Two Wheeler ◽  
Conclusion Section ◽  
Consumer Tastes

The case chronicles the rise-fall-rise saga of the Indian two-wheeler major Bajaj Auto Limited from the perspective of product engineering and market engineering initiatives. The Indian two-wheeler industry went through a metamorphosis over the last two decades as consumer preference shifted from inconspicuous scooter to elegant motorcycle. Even as Bajaj implemented product and market engineering initiatives to satisfy changing consumer tastes, its market share was not a reflection of its efforts until it integrated these two vital domains. The case elucidates upon the decision situations encountered by the top management of Bajaj in its quest to attain consumer centricity through synergistic assimilation of product engineering skills and market engineering acumen. The case is divided into eight sections. The introduction section traces the history of Indian two-wheeler industry from the product and market engineering perspective and elucidates upon the challenge of creating a customer-centred company through synergistic assimilation of both these vital domains. The second section offers a view of the present two-wheeler industry landscape; critically evaluates the consumer value system to reveal the different benefit-based customer segments; and, documents the shifting loyalty of Indian consumers from archaic scooters to aesthetic motorcycles. The third section maps the industry in terms of price and engine capacity so as to sketch out the competitive scenario. The fourth section highlights the trials and tribulations that the organization has undergone on its way to learning the ropes towards better integration of product engineering and market engineering initiatives. The fifth section provides a description of the various product innovation measures taken by Bajaj in the decade gone by to win back its lost glory. The sixth section delineates Bajaj's endeavour in the last decade to harness latent consumer needs, wants and desires to its advantage. The section on competitors' product and market engineering strategies puts into perspective the product engineering and market engineering strategies of Bajaj's key competitors — Hero Honda and TVS. The case culminates with the conclusion section wherein the authors have discussed how the synergy achieved between the product engineering and market engineering initiatives in the last decade has catapulted Bajaj back into reckoning as a proactive player in the Indian two-wheeler industry.

Re-Contextualization of Ethical Values of Pashtun Tribe by the Educated Female Folk in Pakistan

2019 ◽  
pp. 210-228
Author(s):  
Sameen Masood ◽  
Muhammad Farooq
Keyword(s):  
Social Structure ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Gender Discrimination ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Value System ◽  
Global Context ◽  
Participation Of Women ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Family ◽  
History Of

It is believed that the economic participation of women in Pakistan has been intensively affected by an enduring male-capitalist social system. Moreover, the history of gender discrimination has been linked with the medieval cultural values that uplifted and empowered men over women in every sphere of life, especially in the economic realm. A typical case is believed to be the Pashtun culture. This chapter investigated indigenous values of Pashtun culture where women are underrepresented in the economy. Women did not see themselves as underprivileged. Rather, they perceived themselves as a vital and prestigious part of the family and the wider Pashtun society. For educated women in Pashtun society, the values system is guided by social structure, which is accounted for by stability and unity in society. Cultural values are operationalized as the mechanism of division of labor. The findings redefine female empowerment and propose a new paradigm in the global context. The indigenous value system guides the social structure which leads to stability and unity in the society.

Barcelona Traction Re-Imagined

2021 ◽  
pp. 406-425
Author(s):  
Saïda El Boudouhi
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Investment ◽  
Theoretical Approach ◽  
Dispute Settlement ◽  
Turning Points ◽  
Relative Weight ◽  
Legal Realism ◽  
History Of ◽  
Investment Law ◽  
Conclusion Section ◽  
The Relationship

At a time where the future of investment law is often reinvented, this exercise of juris-fiction aims at exploring the relationship between the Barcelona Traction judgment and the course of foreign investment law to determine whether there was room for another evolution. Relying on a theoretical approach that combines normativism with legal realism in an original way, the study looks at different turning points in the course of foreign investment law in order to isolate those which appear as contingent, ie those which could have happened as they could have not happened. Such an enquiry leads to assessing the relative weight that the Barcelona Traction case has played in the remarkable expansion of investor-state dispute settlement. After a short introduction, section II introduces the methodology and used concepts. Section III looks at a few events in the history of foreign investment law in order to distinguish what was contingent and what was unavoidable while, at the same time, identifying what could be turning points. After having set the attention on the Barcelona Traction judgment as a contingent turning point among others, section IV further assesses the causality link between the judgment and foreign investment law through an exercise of imagination in which are considered not only the possible but also the likely effects of a different outcome to the case. By way of conclusion, section V suggests that the Barcelona Traction judgment itself, rather than foreign investment law, was, however, so tightly constrained that it could hardly have been different. It however highlights that the same cannot be said of the Diallo judgment, thus showing that contingency is often related to legal indeterminacy.

Intellectual Schisms in Philippine Psychology are Schisms of the Self: Meditations from an East-West Comparative Standpoint

2005 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 295-318
Author(s):  
Joseph Anthony Narciso Tiangco
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Critical Reflection ◽  
Zen Buddhism ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
The Self ◽  
Value System ◽  
A Value ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
East West

AbstractCritical reflection on the study of psychology situates both students and practitioners in a position to ponder upon not only the conceptual, methodological, and perhaps, theoretical advances within the discipline, but more so, in rediscovering what psychology is in the first place. The first part of this paper provides a discussion on how psychology can be remembered and studied within the backdrop of a condensed history of intellectual progression. Within this context, intellectual schisms can be understood as prompted by the value system held by members of a scientific community. Such a value system, therefore, is also attributable to the emergence of contending perspectives and systems that characterize psychology within a postmodern context. The second part of this paper argues that since psychology is the study of the self, then Eastern re flections have a place in situating Zen Buddhism as it correlates with Western postmodernism. The problem of the self in Eastern philosophy is a source of rich insight in arguing that the emptiness of the self is, in fact, due to its fluidity. Given this, I conclude in this paper that the fluidity of the self accounts for the fluidity of knowledge in psychology and the rest of the social sciences. I pose the challenge that the practice of psychology in the Philippines, as a science and profession, should take on a spiritual depth in consideration of the positive values espoused by postmodernism from an East-West comparative standpoint.

scholarly journals The concept of free will

2021 ◽  
pp. 39-54
Author(s):  
Andrey Aleksandrovich Yurasov
Keyword(s):  
Free Will ◽  
History Of Philosophy ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Value System ◽  
Traditional Concept ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Will ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Methodological Principles ◽  
Xix Century

The subject of this research is the concept of free will. The modern philosophical discussions either do not explicate it, or interpret far from the traditional meaning that has been instilled into this term throughout the centuries, The goal of this article lies in the historical-philosophical reconstruction of the concept of free will. However, the interest towards achieving this goal is not limited to the sphere of history of philosophy. Understanding of the key term largely determines the fruitfulness of theoretical constructions aimed at solution of the problem of free will. The article expounds and substantiates the methodological principles the reconstruction concept of free is based upon. It is demonstrated that free will features two characteristics that can be designated as conformity and independence. Therefore, free will can be defined as the will that corresponds to the value system of an individual and is independent of external factors. Such definition summarizes the practice of utilization of this term in history of philosophy. However, since the late XIX century, and namely in the XX century, there has developed a strong tendency towards distortion of the traditional concept of free will, which implies exclusion of the characteristic of independence and defining free will through the concept of moral responsibility.

The Medieval Spice Trade

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Freedman
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Consumer Preference ◽  
Medieval Period ◽  
Trade Routes ◽  
Essential Ingredient ◽  
Late Middle Ages ◽  
History Of ◽  
Spice Trade ◽  
Medieval Food ◽  
Historic Change

Europe's insatiable demand for spices in the late Middle Ages (1200-1500 AD) is a remarkable example of dramatic historic change triggered by consumer preference. The spice trade is important to the history of food not only because of the trade routes and speculation about how to expand them, but also because of the reasons for the heavy demand in the first place. Tropical spices are not an essential ingredient of modern European cuisine. This article documents the spice trade during the medieval period. It first considers the ubiquity of spices in medieval gastronomy and medieval pharmacology. It then turns to the health benefits of spices to medieval food, the origins and imagined origins of spices, spice trade routes, and prices of spices.

“I’ve Heard That Voice Before”

2019 ◽  
pp. 113-141
Author(s):  
Jake Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Shift ◽  
Value System ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of

This chapter examines the cultural shift in Mormonism beginning in 1960, a shift prompted when Mormon leaders adopted a principle called “Correlation” that was intended to streamline Mormon theology and make it easier to explain in other parts of the world. In doing so, Mormonism placed a new premium on standardization--in clothes, practice, and even voice. Problematic ideas or beliefs from early Mormonism (such as the history of polygamy or racist policies) were abandoned and institutional focus turned to a much narrower set of religious principles that branded Mormonism as a promoter of an always-American value system. Consequently, Mormons increasingly felt compelled during this time to return to sacred time--the time before polygamy was abandoned and “true” Mormonism was practiced. Musicals, like other pageants, road shows, and dramas in Mormonism, helped Mormons remember and access that sacred time. This chapter explores how Mormon musicals of this time, particularly the 1973 phenomenon Saturday’s Warrior, provided a way of reprising Mormon ideals or beliefs lost in this process of standardization that ultimately enlivened contemporary Mormon theology.

Refuting Origins

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Mazur
Keyword(s):  
Decimal Place ◽  
Multiplication Table ◽  
Fifth Century ◽  
Number Representation ◽  
French Mathematician ◽  
Value System ◽  
Indian Origin ◽  
Arabic Number ◽  
History Of ◽  
Trade Route

This chapter discusses the debate among experts over the origins of the Hindu-Arabic numerals. One such expert was the French mathematician and historian Michel Chasles, who argued that by the fifth century, France already had a decimal place-value system for computations documented in Boethius's Arithmetic, which seemed to use a multiplication table with Arabic numbers. For much of the nineteenth century, the Indian origin of positional decimal notation had been challenged. The chapter also considers the claim made by George Rusby Kaye in 1907 that the numerals and the decimal system could not have been Indian in origin and that the history of Hindu-Arabic number representation was complicated by the existence of so many forgeries of the time. Whatever the truth, it is quite likely that sometime in the fifth century, Indian numbers had come to Alexandria via a trade route through Syria before moving westward.

Entrepreneurial marketing and entrepreneurial financing practices of startup business

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (04) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Darman DARMAN ◽  
◽  
Syamsul BACHRI ◽  
Elimawaty ROMBE ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Method ◽  
Product Innovation ◽  
Business Owners ◽  
Entrepreneurial Marketing ◽  
Informal Market ◽  
Entrepreneurial Financing ◽  
Consumer Tastes ◽  
Descriptive Qualitative

This research aims to analyze the entrepreneurial marketing and entrepreneurial financing practices of startup business. The analytical method used is descriptive qualitative by using 5 informants as startup business owners in indonesian. The results found that successful startup businesses practice entrepreneurial marketing through product innovation, adaptation of consumer tastes, maintain good relationships with customers and suppliers, and conduct informal market observations. In addition, they also practice entrepreneurial financing through using of funds for product innovation and creativity.

Collective contradictions of "corporate" environmental conservation

Focaal ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 (60) ◽  
pp. 47-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Hardin
Keyword(s):  
Professional Training ◽  
Environmental Governance ◽  
Wildlife Conservation ◽  
Consumer Preference ◽  
Environmental Conservation ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
The Gift ◽  
History Of ◽  
Planning Processes ◽  
Conservation Organizations

Relationships emerging between corporate actors and environmental conservation organizations range from partnerships in field operations to gifts brokered at the upper echelons of corporate and nongovernmental organization (NGO) management. Drawing on Mauss’s original formulation of “the gift,” I consider the social consequences and contexts of these relationships, over various territorial and temporal scales. I argue that recent critiques of conservation NGOs for having “sold out” to corporate interests obscure a more nuanced view of such relationships, their roots in the history of wildlife conservation under colonial circumstances, and their connections to new modes of hybrid environmental governance. These latter include transformations in corporate practice vis-à-vis consumer preference, processes of certification, and educational impacts on professional training for industry personnel, as well as the adoption by many NGOs of terminologies and planning processes from the corporate world. These relational norms and institutional transformations make any oversimplified notion of corporate responsibility insufficient with respect to environmental sectors.

Consumer preference and satisfaction of M-wallets: a study on North Indian consumers

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 944-965 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nidhi Singh ◽  
Shalini Srivastava ◽  
Neena Sinha
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Mobile Technology ◽  
Consumer Preference ◽  
North India ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Usage Rate ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Indian Consumers ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to test the conceptual model of consumers’ intention and satisfaction towards mobile wallets. This study uses the integrated UTAUT model which includes variables such as ease of use, trust, security, self-efficacy, etc., and an additional variable (hedonism) to test consumers’ behaviour in the context of mobile banking technologies. Regression analysis, ANOVA and descriptive analysis are used to test the relationship among several dimensions such as perceptions, preferences, satisfaction and usage rate of mobile wallets in North India. A sample of 204 North Indian consumers was taken to understand the consumers’ adoption behaviour towards mobile wallet. The study explains the significance of the proposed model and its effectiveness to understand the behaviour of North Indian consumers. The result shows a significant association between consumers’ perception, preference, usage and satisfaction. Security, trust and hedonism are few of the most influencing variables in the study. Demographic variables such as gender and age also influence consumer satisfaction and usage rate of mobile wallets in North India. The proposed model and results of the study bring valuable insights into researchers and practitioners in the context of usage of mobile wallets. Design/methodology/approach Various standardized scales were used in the present study. Statistical techniques like descriptive statistics, analysis of variance, t-test, χ2 and regression analysis were used to assess the data. The data were collected with three separate questionnaires on variables perception, preference, usage and satisfaction. Findings Findings of this study show a strong relation between customer’s perception, preference and satisfaction of mobile wallet users. The result also shows the impact of customer’s perception, satisfaction and preference on the usage rate of mobile wallets in India. The authors have collected responses from the various regions in south and North India. Research limitations/implications The first contribution of this study is that it shows a strong correlation between consumers’ perception, preferences and satisfaction. Various studies are available to understand the impact of perception on satisfaction (Samudra and Phadtare, 2012; Venkatesh and Davis, 2000, Thakur, 2013), but very few studies have integrated it with preference and mobile wallet usage. Moreover, no study is available on these variables specifically for North Indian consumers. This study is unique in the sense that it discuss the association of consumer’s perception with type of transactions they prefer to do in M-wallets. This paper also identify one more crucial factors, “hedonism” which is not discussed extensively in the literature. Practical implications The study has several implications to the mobile technology industry and the banking system to identify new strategies for mobile wallet usage. Factors like security, convenience and trust influence consumers’ intention. This indicates that industries and banks must verify users’ privacy norms and evaluate social trends to enhance user’s satisfaction and usage rate. Hedonism is determined as one of the significant variable to measure consumer’s satisfaction and usage tendency. Mobile technology providers should work on the appearances and design of the apps, and promote its convenience and benefits to increase its usage in North India. Based on the findings of this study, companies can also evaluate preferred wallet services for consumers, and factors affecting those services. This will help them to add more attractive services based on consumers’ feedback, and remove unwanted services. Social implications The study also stressed the impact of society and family/friends on mobile wallet’s usage. Customers learn new things from family and society and get influence with their choice and preferences. This will help institutions to understand various factors leads to mobile wallet usage and enhance the satisfaction level of customers. Originality/value Although various studies have been conducted on the perception of customers on various mobile payment systems, but this paper is the first of its kind to study customer’s perception about wallets and type of transactions; they prefer to do through mobile wallets. This paper also study the impact of mobile wallet usage and various factors affecting the usage rate. This paper also identified one crucial factor, “hedonism”, which is not discussed thoroughly in the literature, and its significance in North India.

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