scholarly journals ACCURACY VERSUS SPEED IN FLUCTUATION-ENHANCED SENSING

2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (02) ◽  
pp. 1250010 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. MAKRA ◽  
Z. TOPALIAN ◽  
C. G. GRANQVIST ◽  
L. B. KISH ◽  
C. KWAN
Keyword(s):  
Time Window ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
Statistical Error ◽  
Window Size ◽  
Practical Case ◽  
Activation Temperature ◽  
Stochastic Signal ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Relationship

Fluctuation-enhanced sensing (FES) comprises the analysis of the stochastic component of the sensor signal and the utilization of the microscopic dynamics of the interaction between the agent and the sensor. We study the relationship between the measurement time window and the statistical error of the measurement data in the simplest case, when the output is the mean-square value of the stochastic signal. This situation is relevant at any practical case when the time window is finite, for example, when a sampling of the output of a fluctuation-enhanced array takes place; or a single sensor's activation (temperature, etc.) is stepped up; or a single sensor's output is monitored by sampling subsequently in different frequency windows. Our study provides a lower limit of the relative error versus data window size with different types of power density spectra: white noise, 1/f(flicker, pink) noise, and 1/f2 (red) noise spectra.

scholarly journals A study of acoustic characteristics of voluntary expiratory sounds produced before and immediately after swallowing

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shoma Hattori ◽  
Shinji Nozue ◽  
Yoshiaki Ihara ◽  
Koji Takahashi
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Fast Fourier Transform ◽  
Time Window ◽  
Maximum Amplitude ◽  
Comparison Method ◽  
Window Length ◽  
Acoustic Characteristics ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Time Waveform ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractTo evaluate the expiratory sounds produced during swallowing recorded simultaneously with videofluorographic examination of swallowing (VF) using fast Fourier transform (FFT), and to examine the relationship between dysphagia and its acoustic characteristics. A total of 348 samples of expiratory sounds were collected from 61 patients with dysphagia whose expiratory sounds were recorded during VF. The VF results were evaluated by one dentist and categorized into three groups: safe group (SG), penetration group (PG), and aspiration group (AG). The duration and maximum amplitude of expiratory sounds produced were measured as the domain characteristics on the time waveform of these sounds and compared among the groups. Time window-length appropriate for FFT and acoustic discriminate values (AD values) of SG, PG, and AG were also investigated. The groups were analyzed using analysis of variance and Scheffé's multiple comparison method. The maximum amplitude of SG was significantly smaller than those of PG and AG. The mean duration in SG (2.05 s) was significantly longer than those in PG (0.84 s) and AG (0.96 s). The AD value in SG was significantly lower than those in PG and AG. AD value detects penetration or aspiration, and can be useful in screening for dysphagia.

scholarly journals The Relationship Between Penumbral Tissue and Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption in Acute Stroke Patients Presenting in an Extended Time Window

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parisa Heidari ◽  
Sarah Blayney ◽  
Jarrhett Butler ◽  
Emi Hitomi ◽  
Marie Luby ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Brain Barrier ◽  
Time Window ◽  
Brain Barrier ◽  
Extended Time ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Ischemic Lesion ◽  
Blood Brain ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Target Profile ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Penumbral brain tissue identified with multimodal imaging can be salvaged with reperfusion in an extended time window. The risk of severe hemorrhagic complications after reperfusion therapy increases with worsening disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). The relationship between penumbral tissue and BBB disruption has not been previously studied.Methods: Stroke patients presenting in an extended time window without a large vessel occlusion who underwent diffusion-perfusion MRI within 24 h of last-seen-normal were included. The volume of penumbral tissue was calculated using mismatch on MRI. Mean permeability derangement (MPD) of the BBB was measured within the ischemic lesion. A target profile (TP) for treatment was defined based on the EXTEND trial.Results: 222 patients were included with a median age of 73 and 55% women. The median NIHSS was 6, the mean core volume was 14 ml, the mean ischemic volume was 47 mL and the mean mismatch volume was 33 mL. Higher MPD was significantly associated with less mismatch volume (p = 0.001). A target profile was associated with lower MPD (OR 0.97; CI 0.96:0.99; p < 0.001). Of the 105 patients who had a TP, 31 (30%) had a MPD > 20% suggesting an increased risk of hemorrhage. Thus, 33% (74/222) of patients had a favorable profile for benefit and safety.Conclusions: Patients presenting in an extended time window with a favorable penumbral profile for treatment have less severe BBB disruption. Up to a third of patients who currently go untreated could be considered for enrollment in a clinical trial of thrombolysis in an extended time window.

scholarly journals Impact of Rare Bleeding Disorders during Pregnancy on Maternal and Fetal Outcomes: Review of 29 Pregnancies at a Single Center

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (01) ◽  
pp. 04-08
Author(s):  
Gokcen Orgul ◽  
Fatih Aktoz ◽  
M. Beksac
Keyword(s):  
Factor Xiii ◽  
Red Blood Cell Transfusion ◽  
Obstetric Outcomes ◽  
Factor X ◽  
Factor Xiii Deficiency ◽  
Factor Deficiency ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Deficiency Cases

Abstract Objective This study aims to give information about the relationship between different types of factor deficiencies and maternal/obstetric outcomes. Methods We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of eight women with factor deficiency disorders. The demographic and clinical features of the patients after their last pregnancies were registered retrospectively. Results There were 29 pregnancies among the 8 patients. The spontaneous abortion rate was relatively high in two patients with factor XIII deficiency (80% and 57.1%) compared with the other factor deficiency groups. There were 16 births, which included 1 set of twins, and 2 deaths (1 stillbirth and 1 postpartum exitus occurred in the same patient). Intrauterine growth restriction was noted in five cases; four of these occurred in factor X deficiency cases. The mean decrease in hemoglobin level of all patients after birth was 1.7 g/dL (range, 0.2–3.6 g/dL). Red blood cell transfusion was required only in one case of factor XIII deficiency. Conclusions There is currently no consensus on the pregnancy management of women with factor deficiencies because of the limited knowledge due to the rarity of such disorders. Labor should be managed in a dedicated unit with a team consisting of an obstetrician, a hematologist, an anesthesiologist, a midwife, and a pediatrician to minimalize the complications.

scholarly journals New data on an exotic Nippotaenia mogurndae (Cestoda), newly introduced to Europe

2008 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Košuthová ◽  
J. Koščo ◽  
D. Miklisová ◽  
V. Letková ◽  
P. Košuth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Standard Length ◽  
Amur Sleeper ◽  
Invasive Fish ◽  
Intensity Of Infection ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Nippotaenia Mogurndae ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Size Groups ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractData on prevalence and current distribution of the cestode Nippotaenia mogurndae Yamaguti and Miyata, 1940 (Nippotaeniidea) in Slovakia, are provided. A total of 163 fish from 8 localities of different types in the Tisa River basin were infected with N. mogurndae. The mean intensity of infection was 1.8 with a maximum of 5 tapeworms. The expansion of the distribution of the cestode corresponds well with the spreading of its host, the invasive fish Amur sleeper Perccottus glenii Dybowski, 1877. The Spearmann correlation coefficient was used to test the relationship between the intensity of infection and standard length of the fish (r = 0.36; n = 163; P < 0.05), condition coefficient of the fish (r = 0.22; n = 115; P < 0.05) and season (r = −0.37; n = 355; P < 0.05). A significant correlation was confirmed for each pair of variables. There is a statistically significant difference between the prevalence of the cestode in two functional size groups (t = 3.28; n = 163; P < 0.05). The prevalence of the cestode increased with the standard length of fish. The potential risk of further expansion of N. mogurndae to other countries is discussed.

scholarly journals Long-term developmental follow-up in children with nonsyndromic craniosynostosis

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 445-451 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maggie Bellew ◽  
Paul Chumas
Keyword(s):  
Normal Population ◽  
Time Of Surgery ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Long Term Follow Up ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Single Suture ◽  
The Average Range

OBJECT The aim of this study was to determine the distribution of Full Scale IQ (FSIQ) by type of craniosynostosis and to verify the finding that at long-term follow-up, verbal IQ (VIQ) is significantly higher than performance IQ (PIQ) in patients with single-suture sagittal synostosis (SS) despite falling within the “average” range for intelligence. Whether this also occurs in other types of craniosynostosis and whether surgery and sex are relevant were also determined. The relationship between age at time of surgery and later IQ was ascertained. METHODS The data for 91 children with craniosynostosis (47 sagittal, 15 unicoronal, 13 metopic, 9 multisuture, and 7 bicoronal) were collected at their routine, 10 years of age IQ assessment (mean age 123.8 months). The patients included 61 males and 30 females; 62 patients had undergone surgery and 29 had not. RESULTS The mean FSIQ for all types of craniosynostosis combined (96.2) fell within the average range for the general population. Some variation was evident across the different types of craniosynostosis: the SS group showed the highest FSIQs and a “normal” distribution of bandings; the other types had a higher proportion of FSIQs in the lower bandings. The data confirmed the finding that VIQ is greater than PIQ despite falling within the average range for intelligence, with a difference of 5.0 for all types of craniosynostosis combined (p = 0.001), 7.6 for the SS group (p = 0.001), and 6.9 for the unicoronal group (p = 0.029). This VIQ > PIQ effect was not found with multisuture craniosynostosis. The VIQ > PIQ discrepancy occurred regardless of whether the patient had undergone surgery and occurred more often in males than females. In the SS group and the bicoronal group, FSIQ (p = 0.036 and p = 0.046, respectively) and PIQ (p = 0.012 and p = 0.017, respectively), though not VIQ, were higher when surgery had been performed early. CONCLUSIONS The study confirms that at long-term follow-up, although children with nonsyndromic craniosynostosis fall within the normal range for intelligence, there is a VIQ > PIQ discrepancy above what would be expected in the normal population, which may be indicative of more subtle difficulties in achievement. This discrepancy is affected by type of craniosynostosis, sex, and age at time of surgery.

Analysis on the Anti-Disturbance in Measurement Data Processing of Regularization Method

2013 ◽  
Vol 295-298 ◽  
pp. 2409-2414
Author(s):  
Jun Liang Yang ◽  
He Sheng Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Data Processing ◽  
Mean Square Error ◽  
Regularization Method ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
Design Matrix ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
Mean Square ◽  
True Value ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Relationship

In measurement data processing, tiny disturbance of the design matrix can enlarge the deviation between least squares estimation solution and true value and the solution distortion arises. By choosing the reasonable parameters according to the regularization method, and Under the constraints of two indicators which are the mean square error and the estimating efficiency，disturb the observation data by varying degrees on the design matrix to determine the relationship between regularization method and ill-conditioned problem in measurement data processing.

Looking into care: The reliability and feasibility of a Taxonomy of Care for Youth

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
KE Evenboer ◽  
AMN Huyghen ◽  
J Tuinstra ◽  
SA Reijneveld ◽  
EJ Knorth
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Youth Care ◽  
Emotional And Behavioural Problems ◽  
Rater Reliability ◽  
Child And Youth Care ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Relationship

Summary Classifying the care provided to children with emotional and behavioural problems can provide empirical insights into the relationship between child characteristics, the care offered and outcomes after leaving care. The Taxonomy of Care for Youth (TOCFY) has recently been shown to validly classify this care in six domains covering all aspects of care. The aim of this study was to assess the inter-rater reliability and feasibility of TOCFY. Two raters independently classified the care provided to 200 children (50 per organisation) from organisations in primary health care, child and youth care, and mental health care (two organisations), based on their care records. We assessed inter-rater reliability and the degree to which TOCFY categories could be applied anyhow, that is its feasibility. Findings Mean agreement was 89.8% between raters; excluding the cases scored as ‘unknown’, the mean agreement was 82.2%. TOCFY-categories could be applied for over 90% regarding each of the six domains. Applications TOCFY is a valid, reliable and feasible instrument to classify care within different types of care organisations. Give these promising findings, application and further evaluation of TOCFY is recommended.

Microbiological Sampling of Meat Cuts and Manufacturing Beef by Excision or Swabbing†

2001 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 325-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. O. GILL ◽  
M. BADONI ◽  
J. C. McGINNIS
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Meat Product ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cotton Wool ◽  
Raw Meat ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Pork Loin ◽  
The Relationship

Groups of 25 beef or pork loin primal cuts or of pieces of stored or not stored manufacturing beef were sampled by excision and by swabbing with cotton wool, sponge, and gauze. Total aerobic counts, coliforms, and Escherichia coli from each sample were enumerated. Values for the mean log10, log10 mean, and/or the log10 total numbers recovered were calculated for each set of 25 bacterial counts. Those statistics indicated that, for product sampled without storage, swabbing with cotton wool or sponge recovered about 30%, and swabbing with gauze recovered about 10% of the bacteria recovered by excision sampling; but that for product sampled after storage, swabbing with cotton wool or sponge recovered about 50% and swabbing with gauze recovered about 15% of the bacteria recovered by excision sampling. However, the incidences of samples positive for coliforms and E. coli were less for stored than for nonstored product with all methods of sampling. The findings indicate that the conditions of meat surfaces, the handling of product, and the state of the microflora might all affect the numbers of bacteria recovered by any sampling technique. Thus, the relationship between the numbers recovered by excision or any selected swabbing technique may differ for different types of noncomminuted, raw meat product.

scholarly journals AN ATTEMPT TO OBSERVE ECONOMY GLOBALIZATION: THE CROSS CORRELATION DISTANCE EVOLUTION OF THE TOP 19 GDP'S

2006 ◽  
Vol 17 (03) ◽  
pp. 317-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. MIŚKIEWICZ ◽  
M. AUSLOOS
Keyword(s):  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Correlation Matrix ◽  
Cross Correlation ◽  
Time Window ◽  
Time Windows ◽  
Window Size ◽  
Minimal Length ◽  
Matrix Elements ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Economy Globalization

Economy correlations between the 19 richest countries are investigated through their Gross Domestic Product increments. A distance is defined between increment correlation matrix elements and their evolution studied as a function of time and time window size. Unidirectional and Bidirectional Minimal Length Paths are generated and analyzed for different time windows. A sort of critical correlation time window is found indicating a transition for best observations. The mean length path decreases with time, indicating stronger correlations. A new method for estimating a realistic minimal time window to observe correlations and deduce macroeconomy conclusions from such features is thus suggested.

scholarly journals Scoring clinical competencies of learners: A quantitative descriptive study

2011 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nomasonto B.D. Magobe ◽  
Sonya Beukes ◽  
Ann Müller
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Teaching ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
Ordinal Scale ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Clinical Competencies ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Quantitative Descriptive ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Self Administered Questionnaire

This article reports the correlation between different clinical assessors’ scoring of learners’ clinical competencies in order to exclude any possible extraneous variables with regard to reasons for poor clinical competencies of learners. A university in Gauteng, South Africa provides a learning programme that equips learners with clinical knowledge, skills and values in the assessment, diagnosis, treatment and care of patients presenting at primary health care (PHC) facilities. The researcher observed that, despite additional clinical teaching and guidance, learners still obtained low scores in clinical assessments at completion of the programme. This study sought to determine possible reason(s) for this observation. The objectives were to explore and describe the demographic profile of learners and the correlation between different clinical assessors’ scoring of learners. A purposive convenience sample consisted of learners (n = 34) and clinical assessors (n = 6). Data were collected from learners using a self-administered questionnaire and analysed using a nominal and ordinal scale measurement. Data from clinical assessors were collected using a checklist, which was statistically analysed using a software package. The variables were correlated to determine the nature of the relationship between the different clinical assessors’ scores on the checklist to ensure inter-rater reliability. Findings showed that there was no significant difference in the mean of the scoring of marks between clinical assessors after correlation (p < 0.05). Thus, scoring of marks did not contribute to poor clinical competencies exhibited by learners.OpsommingHierdie artikel beskryf die ondersoek na die korrelasie tussen verskillende kliniese assesseerders se puntetoekenning tydens assessering van leerders se kliniese vaardighede ten einde enige moontlike vreemde veranderlikes met betrekking tot redes vir swak prestasie uit te skakel. ʼn Universiteit in Gauteng, Suid-Afrika bied ʼn leerprogram aan wat leerders toerus met kliniese kennis, vaardighede en waardes in die beraming, diagnose, behandeling en sorg van pasiënte in primêre gesondheidsorgfasiliteite (PGS). Die navorser het waargeneem dat, ten spyte van addisionele kliniese onderrig en begeleiding, leerders steeds teen die einde van die program lae punte in kliniese evaluasies behaal het. Die studie het die moontlik rede(s) vir hierdie waarneming ondersoek. Die doel van die studie was om die demografiese profiel van leerders, sowel as die korrelasie van die puntetoekenning deur verskillende kliniese assesseerders, te verken en te beskryf. ʼn Doelbewuste gerieflikheidsteekproef het uit leerders (n = 34) en kliniese beoordelaars (n = 6) bestaan. Data is versamel deur leerders individueel ʼn vraelys te laat voltooi. Hierdie data is met behulp van ʼn nominale en rangorde-skaal geanaliseer. Kliniese assesseerders het ʼn kontrolelys voltooi en data is met behulp van ʼn statistiese sagtewarepakket geanaliseer. Die veranderlikes is vergelyk om die aard van die verhouding tussen die verskillende kliniese assesseerders se tellings op die kontrolelys te bepaal. Dit is gedoen om interbeoordeelaarbetroubaarheid te verseker. Resultate het getoon dat daar geen statisties beduidende verskille tussen die gemiddelde puntetoekenning van verskillende kliniese assesseerders bestaan het na korrelasie nie (p < 0.05). Die puntetoekenning het dus nie tot die swak kliniese vaardighede van die leerders bygedra nie.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document