Hong Kong Politics: Diminished Government Credibility and Heightened Political Awareness

2012 ◽  
Vol 04 (01) ◽  
pp. 43-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kin-ming KWONG ◽  
Chiew Ping YEW
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Chief Executive ◽  
Executive Leadership ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Public Confidence ◽  
Political Awareness ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Government

After two Chief Executive leadership, it is evident that Hong Kong has been ruled by polling, not the government, as seen in the policy U-turns in 2011. The government has failed to build public confidence in its leadership despite achievements such as raising Hong Kong's GDP per capita by 22% under Tsang's administration. A historically high proportion of people since the handover had identified themselves as Hong Kongers rather than Chinese citizens in June 2011.

scholarly journals Non-Price Criteria for the Evaluation of the Tender Offers in Public Procurement of Ukraine

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 44
Author(s):  
Alexander Baranovsky ◽  
Nataliia Tkachenko ◽  
Vladimer Glonti ◽  
Valentyna Levchenko ◽  
Kateryna Bogatyrova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Procurement ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Tender Offers ◽  
Product Categories ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time ◽  
The Eu

Traditionally, public procurement has been associated with the measurement of achieving savings. However, recent research shows that the economic impact of public procurement is not limited only to savings, but by measuring the impact of four capitals—natural, human, social, and economic—on sustainable well-being over time. Ukraine is a country with a very low gross domestic product (GDP) per capita, which exacerbates the problem of the impact of public procurement results on the population’s welfare. Ukrainian public procurement legislation allows customers to apply non-price criteria (the share of non-price criteria cannot be more than 70%), which, together, are taken into account in the formula of the quoted price. The studies show that the effect of the use of non-price criteria depends on the relevance of the method of the evaluation of non-price criteria. The most important non-price criteria for Ukrainian customers by product categories and the methods of their evaluation are analyzed according to the Bi.prozorro.org analytics module. Therefore, it is concluded that the quoted price method, which is used in Ukrainian practice, is not relevant in comparison with the method used in the EU. A survey of the government buyers on the practice of applying non-price criteria was conducted, and the areas of their use were identified.

The relationship between energy consumption and economic growth: New evidence from Greece

2021 ◽  
pp. 131-153
Author(s):  
Antonia Gkergki
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Vector Error Correction ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Econometric Tests ◽  
The Government ◽  
New Research ◽  
The Relationship

This paper examines the relationship between the energy consumption and economic growth from 1968 to 2019 in Greece, by employing the vector error-correction model estimation. A series of econometric tests are employed concerning the stationary of the data, and the co-integration and the relationship among the variables during the long- and short-term. The em-pirical results suggest that there is no bidirectional relationship between economic growth and energy consumption. More specifically, GDP per capita does not affect the energy consump-tion of the three primary sources either in the long-term or the short-term. In other words, the economic crisis and its implications for GDP do not affect energy consumption, and they are not responsible for the considerable decrease in energy sources' consumption. On the other hand, the energy consumption of oil and coal negatively affect the GDP per capita. These re-sults are different from previous studies' conclusions for Greece; this is because the never been experienced before. These findings raise new research questions and also show the limi-tations of the Greek market, as it is regulated and controlled by the government.

Oil will challenge fragile institutions in Guyana

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Government Spending ◽  
Resource Curse ◽  
High Impact ◽  
Balance Of Payments ◽  
Dutch Disease ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Impact Risk ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Government

Significance Guyana, hitherto a non-oil producing state, will produce growing volumes of crude oil. This will bring a range of consequences, potentially both positive and negative. It will see Guyana's GDP per capita soar, its balance of payments improve and the government’s income grow. However, it will also face so-called ‘resource curse’ risks, including economic distortions, corruption, wasteful government spending, ’Dutch disease’ and potentially even geopolitical complications. Impacts The government will struggle to manage expectations and use an unprecedented inflow of revenues to best advantage. Guyana’s new-found wealth could inflame tensions with neighbouring Venezuela, which claims much of its territory. There is a low but potentially high-impact risk that serious confrontation with Venezuela could bring in other players.

Public Trust in the New Parliaments of Central and Eastern Europe

1994 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 570-592 ◽  
Author(s):  
John R. Hibbing ◽  
Samuel C. Patterson
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Central And Eastern Europe ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
New Democracies ◽  
Public Confidence ◽  
Economic Prosperity ◽  
Political Awareness ◽  
Parliamentary Elections ◽  
Public Opinion Surveys ◽  
The Government

After the collapse of the Soviet empire, democratic parliamentary elections were conducted in the countries of Central and Eastern Europe, and new parliaments convened, in the early 1990s. How much confidence did citizens in these new democracies have in their new parliament? Under what conditions is citizens' trust in parliament meagre or ample? Public opinion surveys conduced in 1990–1 in nine countries – Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Estonia, Hungary, Lithuania, Poland, Romania, Slovenia, and Ukraine – provide data for analysing citizens', trusting or distrusting orientations. Parliamentary trust is significantly influenced by perceptions of economic conditions, and by confidence in politicians and government generally but, surprisingly, not much affected by political awareness or involvement levels, political efficacy, or social class differentials. These findings indicate that public confidence in these parliaments will grow with economic prosperity and the demonstrated effectiveness of the government to govern.

Hong Kong government cannot ignore protester demands

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Use Of Force ◽  
Mainland China ◽  
Chief Executive ◽  
The Political ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Independent Judiciary ◽  
Universal Suffrage ◽  
The Government ◽  
Selection Of

Subject The demands set out by anti-government protesters in Hong Kong. Significance Mass protests have forced the government to withdraw an unpopular bill allowing extradition to mainland China. However, the protesters’ agenda has broadened to include four more demands: repudiation of the government’s designation of the protests as ‘riots’; amnesty for all protesters; an independent probe into the police’s use of force; and universal suffrage for the selection of Hong Kong’s chief executive. Impacts Investigations, trials and lawsuits will drag on for years, poisoning the political atmosphere and hindering cooperation between camps. Hong Kong’s independent judiciary may be a moderating influence. Replacing Lam would not be a fresh start; the process would spotlight Hong Kong’s lack of democracy.

Factors affecting the international competitiveness of polish economy system in 2004-2019

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Konrad Rojek
Keyword(s):  
Econometric Model ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Economic Effect ◽  
International Competitiveness ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Government ◽  
Polish Economy ◽  
The Impact

Purpose This study aims to present the issue of the international systemic competitiveness of the Polish economy. The essence of this concept was shown, as well as the measures and methods of analysis used. The aim of the research was to identify the factors that had the greatest impact on the formation of the international systemic competitiveness of the Polish economy. Design/methodology/approach An econometric model was constructed to explain the shaping of the value of the dependent variable (gross domestic product [GDP] per capita) in the years 2004–2019. For this purpose, explanatory variables were used selected from among the measures of the international systemic competitiveness of the Polish economy. The developed econometric model was verified to check its practical usefulness. This process was performed using the Gretl program. The research also used the Pentagon Model of Macroeconomic Stabilization, which was used to examine the general economic development of Poland because of which it is possible to conclude about the international systemic competitiveness of the economy. Findings In the analyzed period (2004–2019), the international systemic competitiveness of the Polish economy was to the greatest extent conditioned by such factors as government integrity, tax burdens and investment freedom. It is significant that the integrity of the government had a negative impact on the value of GDP per capita. Practical implications The results of the conducted research may be particularly useful for the institutional sphere. They indicate systemic factors that had the greatest impact on the prosperity of Polish society in the analyzed period. This enables the weakest elements of the policy to be identified and improved. Proper applications and appropriate corrective actions will have a positive economic effect. Originality/value So far, it has not been possible to develop/indicate a uniform and generally accepted measure and method of analyzing international systemic competitiveness. Therefore, all attempts to assess and measure systemic competitiveness have a high research value. The vast majority of studies on the international competitiveness of the economy focus only on assessing its level (growth, decline and comparison with other countries). When building an econometric model (based on the 2004–2019 time series), the author also checks the impact of its individual components, not only its level. On this basis, it can be deduced, which factors influenced the competitiveness in a given period to a greater extent, positively or negatively.

scholarly journals Impact of Fiscal Deficit and Government Debt on Interest Rate in Pakistan

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Najia Shakir ◽  
Sami Ullah ◽  
Salim Ullah Khan ◽  
Muhammad Qasim
Keyword(s):  
Interest Rate ◽  
Money Supply ◽  
Government Debt ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Fiscal Deficit ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Interest Rate ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The current study was conducted in the year 2014 in Pakistan to investigate the impact of fiscal deficit and government debt on the interest rate.  Data on selected macroeconomic variables like fiscal deficit, government debt, GDP per capita, money supply and volume of trade etc. from the year 1990 to 2012.  The study also has tried to find out that how the interest rate in the country is affected by the government debt and fiscal deficit. Augmented Dickey-Fuller test was run to address the stationary issue in the data, and then Ordinary Least Square (OLS) model test was run to check the relationship among the variables. Two models were set in the study. In the first model, the relationship of GDP per capita, money supply, total debt servicing and volume of trade showed a significant relationship with the fiscal deficit, while in the second model the relationship of inflation, fiscal deficit, money supply, government debt and public debt showed a significant relationship with the interest rate. Policy makers are advised to focus on the increase of DGP/Capita and export volume. In order to sustain the rate of inflation, the government may regulate the money supply and public borrowing.

scholarly journals EGFR mutation-guided use of afatinib, erlotinib and gefitinib for advanced non-small-cell lung cancer in Hong Kong – A cost-effectiveness analysis

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. e0247860
Author(s):  
Joyce H. S. You ◽  
William C. S. Cho ◽  
Wai-kit Ming ◽  
Yu-chung Li ◽  
Chung-kong Kwan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Hong Kong ◽  
Egfr Mutation ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Public Healthcare ◽  
Small Cell Lung ◽  
First Line ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Empirical Chemotherapy

Introduction Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) therapy targets at epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene mutations in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We aimed to compare the EGFR mutation-guided target therapy versus empirical chemotherapy for first-line treatment of advanced NSCLC in the public healthcare setting of Hong Kong. Methods A Markov model was designed to simulate outcomes of a hypothetical cohort of advanced (stage IIIB/IV) NSCLC adult patients with un-tested EGFR-sensitizing mutation status. Four treatment strategies were evaluated: Empirical first-line chemotherapy with cisplatin-pemetrexed (empirical chemotherapy group), and EGFR mutation-guided use of a TKI (afatinib, erlotinib, and gefitinib). Model outcome measures were direct medical cost, progression-free survival, overall survival, and quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs). Incremental cost per QALY gained (ICER) was estimated. Sensitivity analyses were performed to examine robustness of model results. Results Empirical chemotherapy and EGFR mutation-guided gefitinib gained lower QALYs at higher costs than the erlotinib group. Comparing with EGFR mutation-guided erlotinib, the afatinib strategy gained additional QALYs with ICER (540,633 USD/QALY). In 10,000 Monte Carlo simulations for probabilistic sensitivity analysis, EGFR mutation-guided afatinib, erlotinib, gefitinib and empirical chemotherapy were preferred strategy in 0%, 98%, 0% and 2% of time at willingness-to-pay (WTP) 47,812 USD/QALY (1x gross domestic product (GDP) per capita), and in 30%, 68%, 2% and 0% of time at WTP 143,436 USD/QALY (3x GDP per capita), respectively. Conclusions EGFR mutation-guided erlotinib appears to be the cost-effective strategy from the perspective of Hong Kong public healthcare provider over a broad range of WTP.

Analyzing the parameters of building the Russian capitalism

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (12) ◽  
pp. 2295-2316
Author(s):  
Valerii V. SMIRNOV
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
The United States ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Government

Subject. The article addresses the Russian capitalism. Objectives. The purpose is to identify parameters of building the Russian capitalism. Methods. The study draws on the systems approach, using the methods of statistical, neural network, and cluster analysis. Results. The study revealed the parameters of building the Russian capitalism, like the structural balance of public administration, volatility in the growth rate of exports and imports of goods and services, a decrease in the growth rate of exports and imports of goods and services, net government lending and borrowing, GDP per capita, general government expenditure. The optimal cluster for building the Russian capitalism is the relationship between Russia and the United States in the context of GDP per capita in national currencies. The study expands the scope of knowledge and develops the competencies of the government of the Russian Federation to ensure the economic growth. Conclusions. The unveiled parameters of building the Russian capitalism, as well as understanding the reasons for the emergence of the Russian State capitalism as a form of merging of the American market economy and Chinese planned economy enable the government of the Russian Federation to effectively orient its actions towards economic growth.

Parties without Power

2020 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 118-135
Author(s):  
Ngok Ma
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Political Participation ◽  
Institutional Design ◽  
State Capacity ◽  
Electoral System ◽  
Party Politics ◽  
Public Confidence ◽  
Street Politics ◽  
Party Development ◽  
The Government

This article reviews how Beijing’s design of a liberal autocracy constrains party development in Hong Kong. It shows how the governing philosophy and the institutional design and mechanics of the electoral system disallow a strong governing party and suppress political participation. This situation brings about a weakened state capacity and a fragmented ruling coalition with elites working on contrasting incentives. It also leads to legislative fragmentation and declining public confidence in legislative and party politics. Unable to contain political participation, radical street actions arose to challenge the government. The 2019 Anti-Extradition Movement best exemplifies the weakness of the ruling coalition and the radicalization of street politics posing major challenges to the governance of Hong Kong.

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