scholarly journals THE VALUE OF PERSONAL CREDIT HISTORY IN RISK SCREENING OF ENTREPRENEURS: EVIDENCE FROM MARKETPLACE LENDING

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-25
Author(s):  
GALINA ANDREEVA ◽  
EDWARD I. ALTMAN
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Small Business ◽  
Predictive Accuracy ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Personal Credit ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Future Time Period ◽  
Credit History ◽  
Small Business Loans

We explore the quality of risk assessment for entrepreneurs/small business borrowers as compared to consumers, when the same information on previous credit history is used for both segments in marketplace lending. By building several cross-sectional logistic regression and machine-learning models and applying them separately to small business loans (SBL) and consumers we can measure models’ predictive accuracy for different segments, and thus, make observations about the value of the information used for screening. We find the differences in profiles between SBL and consumers, hence they should be assessed by separate models. Yet separate SBL models do not perform well when applied to a future time period. We attribute this to the relatively low predictive value of personal credit history for entrepreneurs as compared to the consumers. We advocate the use of additional information for risk assessment of entrepreneurs, in order to improve the quality of credit screening. This should lead to improved access of small business borrowers to credit in situations when they have to compete with consumers for funding.

Risk assessment and risk management in policing

2014 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert E. Worden ◽  
Christopher Harris ◽  
Sarah J. McLean
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Predictive Accuracy ◽  
Good Reason ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Police Misconduct ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Officer Performance

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to critique contemporary tools for assessing and managing the risk of police misconduct and suggest directions for their improvement. Design/methodology/approach – The paper draws on extant literature, synthesizing several lines of inquiry to summarize what the authors know about patterns of police misconduct, and what the authors know about assessing and managing police misconduct. Then the paper draws from the literature on offender risk assessment in criminal justice to draw lessons for assessing and managing the risk of police misconduct. Findings – The authors found that there is good reason to believe that the tools used to assess the risk of misconduct make suboptimal predictions about officer performance because they rely on limited information of dubious value, but also that the predictive models on which the tools are based could be improved by better emulating procedures for assessing offenders’ risk of recidivism. Research limitations/implications – Future research should examine cross-sectional and longitudinal patterns of misconduct and associations between risk-related outputs and enforcement activity, develop better measures of criterion variables, and evaluate the predictive accuracy of risk assessment tools. Practical implications – Police managers should make better use of the information available to them, improve the quantity and quality of information if feasible, and cooperate in the necessary research. Originality/value – This paper offers a new synthesis of extant research to demonstrate the limitations of contemporary provisions for assessing the risk of police misconduct, and potential avenues for useful research and improved practice.

To Lend or Not to Lend

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Traci L. Mach ◽  
Courtney M. Carter ◽  
Cailin R. Slattery
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Interest Rate ◽  
Small Business ◽  
Interest Rates ◽  
Small Businesses ◽  
Peer To Peer ◽  
Business Loan ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Small Business Loans

The current paper examines loan-level data from Lending Club to look at peer-to-peer borrowing by small businesses. We begin by looking at characteristics of loan applications that were and were not funded and then take a more in-depth look at funded applications. Summary statistics show an increasing number of small business loan applications over time. Beginning in 2010—when consistent measures of loan purpose were recorded for all applications—loan applications for small businesses were on average less likely than loans for other purposes to have been funded. However, logistic regression results that control for the quality of the application show that, holding all else constant, applications for a loan for a small business were almost twice as likely to have been funded as loans for other purposes. Focusing on funded applications, we note that funded business loans were slightly larger on average than loans funded for other purposes but paid similar interest rates. However, relative to small business loans from traditional sources, peer-to-peer small business borrowers paid an interest rate that was about two times higher. Regression results that control for application quality show that peer-to-peer loans for small businesses were charged almost a percentage point interest rate premium over non-business loans. Logistic regression results that look at loan performance indicate that loans for small businesses were much more likely to be delinquent or charged off.

scholarly journals Survey of European neurosurgeons’ management of unruptured intracranial aneurysms: inconsistent practice and organization

2020 ◽  
Vol 163 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-121
Author(s):  
Torbjørn Øygard Skodvin ◽  
Roar Kloster ◽  
Wilhelm Sorteberg ◽  
Jørgen Gjernes Isaksen
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Intracranial Aneurysms ◽  
Treatment Decision ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Unruptured Aneurysms ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Unruptured Intracranial Aneurysms ◽  
Per Capita

Abstract Background The discovery of an unruptured intracranial aneurysm creates a dilemma between observation and treatment. Neurosurgeons’ routines for risk assessment and treatment decision-making are unknown. The position of evidence-based medicine in European neurosurgery is considered to be weak, high-grade guidelines do not exist and variations between institutions are probable. We aimed to explore European neurosurgeons’ management routines for newly discovered unruptured intracranial aneurysms. Methods In cooperation with the European Association of Neurosurgical Societies (EANS), we conducted an online, cross-sectional survey of 420 European neurosurgeons during Spring/Summer 2016 (1533 non-Norwegians invited through the EANS, and 16 Norwegians invited through heads of departments because of the need for additional information for a separate study). We asked about demographic variables, routines for management and risk assessment of newly discovered unruptured intracranial aneurysms and presented a case. We collected information about gross domestic product (GDP) per capita from the International Monetary Fund. Results The response rate to the invite from the EANS was 26%, with respondents from 47 countries. More than half of the respondents (n = 226 [54%]) reported that their department treated less than 25 unruptured aneurysms yearly. Forty percent said their department used aneurysm size cut-off to guide treatment decisions, with a mean size of 6 mm. Presented with a case, respondents from countries with a lower GDP per capita recommended intervention more often than respondents from higher-income countries. Vascular neurosurgeons more commonly recommended observation. Conclusion The answers to this self-reported survey indicate that many centers have a treatment volume lower than recommended by international guidelines, and that there are socioeconomic differences in care. Better documentation of treatment and outcome, for example with clinical quality registries, is needed to drive improvements of care.

Prevalence of female urinary incontinence and its impact on quality of life in a cluster population in the United Kingdom (UK): a community survey

2014 ◽  
Vol 16 (04) ◽  
pp. 377-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason Cooper ◽  
Manjula Annappa ◽  
Angela Quigley ◽  
Davina Dracocardos ◽  
Anu Bondili ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Urinary Incontinence ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Help Seeking ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Help Seeking Behaviour

AimTo ascertain the prevalence of urinary incontinence and lower urinary tract symptoms, impact on quality of life and help-seeking behaviour.BackgroundUrinary incontinence is common and will affect more individuals as the population ages. Estimates of the prevalence of urinary incontinence vary hugely. Additional information is required to inform resource allocation.MethodsPopulation-based cross-sectional postal evaluation of all female patients over 21 years registered at a single medical practice in the United Kingdom.FindingsA total of 40% of respondents suffered urinary incontinence, which caused significant problems in 8.5%. Stress urinary incontinence was the most common type of incontinence while 10% had symptoms of voiding dysfunction. A total of 17% of women had sought professional help. Patients perceived that urinary incontinence was part of the natural ageing process and that there was a low expectation of successful treatment.

To Lend or Not to Lend

2016 ◽  
pp. 56-77
Author(s):  
Traci L. Mach ◽  
Courtney M. Carter ◽  
Cailin R. Slattery
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Interest Rate ◽  
Small Business ◽  
Interest Rates ◽  
Small Businesses ◽  
Peer To Peer ◽  
Business Loan ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Small Business Loans

The current paper examines loan-level data from Lending Club to look at peer-to-peer borrowing by small businesses. We begin by looking at characteristics of loan applications that were and were not funded and then take a more in-depth look at funded applications. Summary statistics show an increasing number of small business loan applications over time. Beginning in 2010—when consistent measures of loan purpose were recorded for all applications—loan applications for small businesses were on average less likely than loans for other purposes to have been funded. However, logistic regression results that control for the quality of the application show that, holding all else constant, applications for a loan for a small business were almost twice as likely to have been funded as loans for other purposes. Focusing on funded applications, we note that funded business loans were slightly larger on average than loans funded for other purposes but paid similar interest rates. However, relative to small business loans from traditional sources, peer-to-peer small business borrowers paid an interest rate that was about two times higher. Regression results that control for application quality show that peer-to-peer loans for small businesses were charged almost a percentage point interest rate premium over non-business loans. Logistic regression results that look at loan performance indicate that loans for small businesses were much more likely to be delinquent or charged off.

scholarly journals Quality of assessment of women at the time of admission for childbirth in secondary and tertiary public sector referral institutes in southern India

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 1100
Author(s):  
Mukta Tyagi ◽  
Samiksha Singh
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Initial Assessment ◽  
Considerable Proportion ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Risk Condition ◽  
Time Of Admission

Background: About 830 pregnant women die every day due to preventable causes which often get missed in initial assessment. We assessed the quality of assessment for high-risk conditions or complications at the time of admission for childbirth in two referral hospitals from a southern state of India.Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study among pregnant women admitted for childbirth in two hospitals (a district hospital and a medical college). We extracted information about high-risk assessment through history, examination and lab investigations and monitoring from case sheets and, prevalence of high-risk from registers. We interviewed the doctors and nurses, to understand the process of high-risk assessment for pregnant women at time of admission and monitoring thereafter.Results: Both the hospitals were lacking standard protocol for assessment and documentation in case-sheets was poor. Common investigations and basic examination was done for about two-thirds of cases but past and current history of common illness was elicited by only one-third of cases. Participants were insufficiently monitored during labour. 55% of the women had atleast one high-risk condition. Commonest high-risk was previous caesarean and complication noted was foetal distress. Most patients came in without referral records, and there was no mechanism for referral communication, or continuum of care across levels of care.Conclusions: A large proportion of pregnant women had any high-risk but a considerable proportion may be missed, or identified late. The documentation regarding assessment was poor. There is scope of improvement in high-risk assessment and monitoring of pregnant women admitted for childbirth. 

Convergent Beam Electron Diffraction

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 304-315
Author(s):  
G. Lehmpfuhl
Keyword(s):  
Electron Diffraction ◽  
Diffraction Pattern ◽  
Crystal Surface ◽  
Diffraction Spot ◽  
Crystal Thickness ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Microscopic Investigations

Introduction In electron microscopic investigations of crystalline specimens the direct observation of the electron diffraction pattern gives additional information about the specimen. The quality of this information depends on the quality of the crystals or the crystal area contributing to the diffraction pattern. By selected area diffraction in a conventional electron microscope, specimen areas as small as 1 µ in diameter can be investigated. It is well known that crystal areas of that size which must be thin enough (in the order of 1000 Å) for electron microscopic investigations are normally somewhat distorted by bending, or they are not homogeneous. Furthermore, the crystal surface is not well defined over such a large area. These are facts which cause reduction of information in the diffraction pattern. The intensity of a diffraction spot, for example, depends on the crystal thickness. If the thickness is not uniform over the investigated area, one observes an averaged intensity, so that the intensity distribution in the diffraction pattern cannot be used for an analysis unless additional information is available.

Perceived Overprotection and Its Association With Quality of Life in Dementia

GeroPsych ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 125-134
Author(s):  
Mechthild Niemann-Mirmehdi ◽  
Andreas Häusler ◽  
Paul Gellert ◽  
Johanna Nordheim
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Patient Autonomy ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Negative Association ◽  
Significant Positive Association ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
People With Dementia ◽  
Mental Well Being

Abstract. To date, few studies have focused on perceived overprotection from the perspective of people with dementia (PwD). In the present examination, the association of perceived overprotection in PwD is examined as an autonomy-restricting factor and thus negative for their mental well-being. Cross-sectional data from the prospective DYADEM study of 82 patient/partner dyads (mean age = 74.26) were used to investigate the association between overprotection, perceived stress, depression, and quality of life (QoL). The analyses show that an overprotective contact style with PwD has a significant positive association with stress and depression, and has a negative association with QoL. The results emphasize the importance of avoiding an overprotective care style and supporting patient autonomy.

HUBUNGAN KUALITAS KEHIDUPAN KERJA TERHADAP KINERJA PERAWAT PELAKSANA

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 413-420
Author(s):  
Amella Gusty ◽  
Dachriyanus Dachriyanus ◽  
Leni Merdawati
Keyword(s):  
District Hospital ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Work Life ◽  
Quality Of Work Life ◽  
P Value ◽  
Work Context ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Quality Of Work ◽  
The Relationship

Kinerja perawat merupakan hasil yang dicapai dalam melaksanakan asuhan keperawatan di rumah sakit. Terciptanya asuhan keperawatan yang optimal sangat diperlukan dukungan dari pihak rumah sakit salah satunya adalah menciptakan kualitas kehidupan kerja baik bagi perawat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara kualitas kehidupan kerja terhadap kinerja perawat pelaksana di RSUD Teluk Kuantan. Jenis penelitian kuantitatif dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Jumlah sampel 120 responden yang diperoleh melalui proportionate simple random sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kualitas kehidupan kerja perawat RSUD Teluk Kuantan berada pada kategori sedang, kinerja perawat berada pada kategori kurang baik. Berdasarkan analisis kedua variabel teridentifikasi bahwa tidak ada hubungan antara kualitas kehidupan kerja dengan kinerja perawat pelaksana dengan  p value 0,817. Dimensi work context merupakan komponen yang memiliki hubungan dengan kinerja perawat pelaksana dengan p value 0,008, dimensi work life  tidak berhubungan secara signifikan dengan kinerja perawat. Kesimpulan penelitian diketahui tidak ada hubungan antara kualitas kehidupan kerja dengan kinerja perawat pelaksana. Ada hubungan dimensi work context dengan kinerja perawat pelaksana. Tidak ada hubungan dimensi work life dengan kinerja perawat.   Kata kunci: kualitas kehidupan kerja, kinerja, perawat pelaksana   THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE QUALITY OF WORK LIFE AND THE PERFORMANCE OF IMPLEMENTERS NURSES   ABSTRACT Nurse performance is the result achieved in implementing nursing care in a hospital. The creation of optimal nursing care is very much needed support from the hospital, one of which is to create a good quality of work life for nurses. This study aims to determine the relationship between the quality of work life and the performance of nurses at the Kuantan District Hospital. This type of quantitative research with cross sectional approach. The number of samples of 120 respondents obtained through proportionate simple random sampling. The results showed that the quality of work life of nurses at the Kuantan District Hospital was in the medium category, the nurses' performance was in the unfavorable category. Based on the analysis of the two variables, it was identified that there was no relationship between the quality of work life with the performance of implementing nurses with a p value of 0.817. The work context dimension is a component that has a relationship with the performance of nurses implementing with p value 0.008, the dimension of work life does not significantly correlate with nurse performance. The conclusion of the research is that there is no relationship between the quality of work life and the performance of the implementing nurses. There is a relationship between the dimensions of the work context and the performance of the nurses. There is no relationship between the dimensions of work life and nurse performance.   Keywords: quality of work life, performance, implementers nurse

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