scholarly journals Airway Hygiene in Children and Adults for Lowering Respiratory Droplet Exposure in Clean and Dirty Air

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Carolin Elizabeth George ◽  
Jonathan Salzman ◽  
Leeberk Raja Inbaraj ◽  
Sindhulina Chandrasingh ◽  
Chris Klein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fine Particle ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Human Volunteer ◽  
Global Learning ◽  
Learning Potential ◽  
Volunteer Study ◽  
The World ◽  
Respiratory Droplets

Respiratory illness threatens the learning potential of hundreds of millions of children around the world. We find in a human volunteer study involving three sites and 253 volunteers that respiratory droplets — of the size and nature to potentially contain COVID-19, influenza, allergens and other contaminants — diminish in number on exhalation by up to 99% via the “airway hygiene” administration of a nasal saline rich in calcium. Exhaled particles were significantly higher and efficacy of airway hygiene greatest at the site (Bangalore India) with highest fine particle ambient air burden. We argue for the use of airway hygiene for pandemic and post-pandemic global learning.

Coronavirus diseases and pregnancy: COVID-19,SARS, and MERS

2020 ◽  
pp. 276-289
Author(s):  
Mobina Fathi ◽  
Kimia Vakili ◽  
Niloofar Deravi
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Intrauterine Growth Retardation ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
World Health ◽  
Wuhan City ◽  
Intrauterine Growth ◽  
Exponential Increase ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Respiratory Droplets

Around the end of December 2019, a new beta-coronavirus from Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China began to spread rapidly. The new virus, called SARS-CoV-2, which could be transmitted through respiratory droplets, had a range of mild to severe symptoms, from simple cold in some cases to death in others. The disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 was named COVID-19 by WHO and has so far killed more people than SARS and MERS. Following the widespread global outbreak of COVID-19, with more than 132758 confirmed cases and 4955 deaths worldwide, the World Health Organization declared COVID-19 a pandemic disease in January 2020. Earlier studies on viral pneumonia epidemics has shown that pregnant women are at greater risk than others. During pregnancy, the pregnant woman is more prone to infectious diseases. Research on both SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, which are pathologically similar to SARS-CoV-2, has shown that being infected with these viruses during pregnancy increases the risk of maternal death, stillbirth, intrauterine growth retardation and, preterm delivery. With the exponential increase in cases of COVID-19 throughout the world, there is a need to understand the effects of SARS-CoV-2 on the health of pregnant women, through extrapolation of earlier studies that have been conducted on pregnant women infected with SARS-CoV, and MERS-CoV. There is an urgent need to understand the chance of vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from mother to fetus and the possibility of the virus crossing the placental barrier. Additionally, since some viral diseases and antiviral drugs may have a negative impact on the mother and fetus, in which case, pregnant women need special attention for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of COVID-19.

Outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and its manifestation

Coronaviruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 01 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bikash Debnath ◽  
Waikhom Somraj Singh ◽  
Kuntal Manna
Keyword(s):  
Antiviral Drug ◽  
World Health ◽  
Family Welfare ◽  
Pregnant Mother ◽  
Vaccine Candidates ◽  
The World ◽  
Mode Of Transmission ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Effective Drugs ◽  
Respiratory Droplets

: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) first outbreak in Wuhan, China, and the infection is intense worldwide. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is responsible for COVID-19. The World Health Organization (WHO) confirmed total deaths had noted 4.20% globally (March 21, 2020). Between the intervals of four months (July 21, 2020), confirmed total deaths had recorded 4.17%, globally. In India, 909 confirmed cases and 19 deaths were reported by Health and Family Welfare, Government of India, March 28, 2020. Between the intervals of 123 days In India, 1638870 confirmed cases and 35684 deaths. COVID-19 can potentially spread from person to person through direct contact or respiratory droplets from coughing and sneezing. The most common symptoms are fever, dry cough, difficulty in breathing, and fatigue. A pregnant mother with COVID-19 has fewer chances to transfer this infection of her newborn babies. Children have less affected than an adult. A specific antiviral drug or vaccine has not been developed to cure the disease. Chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, lopinavir, ritonavir, nafamostat, nitazoxanide, and remdesivir have effective drugs to treat COVID-19. Many vaccine candidates are under pre-clinical and clinical studies. In this review, we highlight the epidemiology, sign-symptoms, pathogenesis, mode of transmission, and effects of a pregnant mother with newborns, children, prevention, and drugs affective to COVID-19.

Flowing Down Bengawan Solo: An Interdisciplinary Lesson Model on Music and Rivers

2021 ◽  
pp. 104837132110262
Author(s):  
Jui-Ching Wang
Keyword(s):  
Teaching Strategies ◽  
Natural Environment ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Learning Experience ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Global Learning ◽  
The World ◽  
Historical Periods

Music cannot be separated from its historical, geographical, and cultural context; therefore, it is important that students be taught music from a variety of genres, cultures, and historical periods relevant to the music to which they are introduced. In this article, I introduce an interdisciplinary approach through contextualization of the content of music, using it to lead to the study of related works in various disciplines. Using a song inspired by Indonesia’s Solo River, a lesson sample demonstrates teaching strategies that motivate students to engage in integrative thinking. By exploring music’s connection with relevant subjects to teach about the natural environment, this contextualized lesson presents a global learning experience to broaden students’ knowledge of the world. Contextualizing the content of Bengawan Solo illustrates how history and culture shaped the song and demonstrates how this work can be used as a springboard for students’ exploration of its history, geography, and ecology.

scholarly journals Author Correction: Human volunteer study of the decontamination of chemically contaminated hair and the consequences for systemic exposure

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Collins ◽  
Thomas James ◽  
Felicity Southworth ◽  
Louise Davidson ◽  
Natalie Williams ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Exposure ◽  
Human Volunteer ◽  
Volunteer Study

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

Human volunteer study on the inhalational and dermal absorption of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) from the vapour phase

2007 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Bader ◽  
Renate Wrbitzky ◽  
Meinolf Blaszkewicz ◽  
Michael Schäper ◽  
Christoph van Thriel
Keyword(s):  
Vapour Phase ◽  
Dermal Absorption ◽  
Human Volunteer ◽  
Volunteer Study

scholarly journals An application of canonical variate analysis in profile comparison of dry matter content of white clover between ozone-sensitive and ozone-resistant clones exposed in ambient air conditions

2015 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dariusz Kayzer ◽  
Anna Budka ◽  
Klaudia Borowiak ◽  
Janina Zbierska ◽  
Marta Lisiak
Keyword(s):  
White Clover ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Canonical Variate Analysis ◽  
Canonical Variate ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
The World ◽  
Variate Analysis

SummaryTropospheric ozone affects plant growth and the yield of main pasture species all around the world. Experiments are usually performed in fully controlled conditions; the number of investigations in ambient air conditions is still limited. Moreover, most investigations of the effect of ozone on white clover biomass production consider one series after the other, including a period without leaves. Hence, based on the recommendations, additional series are proposed and studied here. The responses of sensitive and resistant white clover clones are presented and compared using multivariate analysis of variance and profile analysis. The canonical variate analysis used here makes it possible to present the profile comparison of dry matter content of white clover graphically in Euclidean space. The investigations revealed a difference in response between clones and the necessity of using the additional series.

Clinical Management Updates for Novel Corona Virus (COVID-19)

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 5449-5456
Author(s):  
Yogesh Chand Yadav ◽  
Ramakant Yadav ◽  
Sushant Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Management ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Symptomatic Treatment ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
Human Coronavirus ◽  
Transmission Potential ◽  
The World ◽  
Severe Respiratory Illness ◽  
Droplet Transmission

The SARS-CoV-2 virus was first detected in Wuhan, China in December 2019 and was known to produce acute severe respiratory illness in humans which rapidly spread almost throughout the world within a few months. This human coronavirus has seven strains and they commonly produce illness in the nervous system, respiratory system and hepato- intestinal systems. This present review is an attempt to illustrate recent reports pertaining to the management of SARS-CoV-2. Further, it also highlights the diagnosis and clinical management of COVID-19. Various search engines like Scopus, Pubmed and WHO databases were accessed and literature on current advances about COVID-19 including structural features, replication, possible pathogenic, symptoms, diagnosis, prognosis, methods of prevention and possible therapeutic agents used for treatment of patients was reviewed. Current studies indicate that COVID-19 is very infectious with droplet transmission potential. The key modalities to prevent the infection is by keeping social distancing, respiratory/hand hygiene, detection of infection and subsequent quarantine of the infected persons. Presently, either no vaccine for prevention or specific treatments available, however, COVID-19 patients may be managed by using some repositioned drugs and symptomatic treatment.

Aftermath of Covid -19 Pandemic in the community

2021 ◽  
pp. 498-500
Author(s):  
Sholly. CK
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organization ◽  
Antiviral Treatment ◽  
World Health ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Severe Illness ◽  
Respiratory Illnesses ◽  
The World ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Respiratory Droplets

Novel corona virus (COVID-19) is an infectious condition, which can be spread directly or indirectly from one person to another and causes respiratory illnesses, range from common cold to acute respiratory syndrome. The first cases of this virus were found in Wuhan, China. According to the World Health Organization, COVID-19 is serious health concern and has higher risk for severe illness and spreading rapidly all over the world.This novel coronavirus was named Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) by WHO in February 2020. The World Health Organization (WHO) has declared the coronavirus disease 2019 a pandemic, in the year2020 March. A global coordinated effort is needed to stop the further spread of the virus. Among all cases about 92% of the confirmed cases were recorded from China. Initial reports suggest that death rate ranges from 1% to 2% which varies in the study and country. The most of the death have occurred in patients over 50 years of age followed by young children. For the confirmed cases which included both laboratory and clinically diagnosed till now there is no specific antiviral treatment recommended but there is vaccine currently available. Once the virus develops in people, corona viruses can be spread from person to person through respiratory droplets. The viral material hangs out in these droplets and can be breathed into the respiratory tract, where the virus can then lead to an infection. Repercussions of Covid -19 on individuals, families and on front line warriors are countless1.

Digital transformation of face-to-face focus group methodology: engaging a globally dispersed audience in management of institutional change (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Mahmoud ◽  
Anna TOKAR ◽  
Melissa ARRIAS ◽  
Christos MYLONAS ◽  
Heini UTUNEN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Focus Group ◽  
Learning Strategy ◽  
Transformation Process ◽  
World Health ◽  
Global Learning ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Global Workforce ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

UNSTRUCTURED As part of its transformation process to meet the health challenges of the 21st century by creating a motivated and fit-for-purpose global workforce, the World Health Organization (WHO) is developing the first-ever global Learning Strategy for health personnel around the world. Focus group discussions (FGDs) were organized as part of in-depth qualitative research on staff views, visions, and suggestions. Due to the pandemic, a flexible, multi-linguistic, participatory, iterative methodology for digitization of face-to-face FDGs to engage a globally dispersed workforce was implemented.

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