ExpanDrogram: Dynamic Visualization of Big Data Segmentation over Time

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-27
Author(s):  
A. Khalemsky ◽  
R. Gelbard
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Visual Presentation ◽  
Trend Detection ◽  
Dynamic Visualization ◽  
Segmentation Process ◽  
Key Points ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Over Time

In dynamic and big data environments the visualization of a segmentation process over time often does not enable the user to simultaneously track entire pieces. The key points are sometimes incomparable, and the user is limited to a static visual presentation of a certain point. The proposed visualization concept, called ExpanDrogram, is designed to support dynamic classifiers that run in a big data environment subject to changes in data characteristics. It offers a wide range of features that seek to maximize the customization of a segmentation problem. The main goal of the ExpanDrogram visualization is to improve comprehensiveness by combining both the individual and segment levels, illustrating the dynamics of the segmentation process over time, providing “version control” that enables the user to observe the history of changes, and more. The method is illustrated using different datasets, with which we demonstrate multiple segmentation parameters, as well as multiple display layers, to highlight points such as new trend detection, outlier detection, tracking changes in original segments, and zoom in/out for more/less detail. The datasets vary in size from a small one to one of more than 12 million records.

Through the Drinking Glass

2019 ◽  
pp. 178-195
Author(s):  
Angela McShane
Keyword(s):  
Political Change ◽  
First Century ◽  
Central Importance ◽  
Object A ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Cultural Processes ◽  
History Of ◽  
Twenty First Century ◽  
Over Time

This chapter argues that drinking things are of central importance to our understanding of the long relationship between humans and alcohol. It explores the history of the English man (and woman’s) pint of beer, as an object, a drink, and a measure, from the late-sixteenth to the twenty-first century, to show how the relationships between objects, drinks, and measures have been socially and culturally constructed over time. Drawing upon a wide range of objects, images, and textual sources, and benefiting from the theoretical lenses of material performativity and praxeology, it argues that material insights not only help us to understand the deeper cultural processes at play in the routines and rituals of convivial drinking, but also help us to understand their wider role in social and political change.

scholarly journals Big Data Applications in Vaccinology

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-80
Author(s):  
Joseph E. Kasten
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Big Data ◽  
Data Analytics ◽  
Human Race ◽  
Big Data Applications ◽  
The World ◽  
Big Data Technologies ◽  
History Of ◽  
Structured Literature Review ◽  
Over Time

The development of vaccines has been one of the most important medical and pharmacological breakthroughs in the history of the world. Besides saving untold lives, they have enabled the human race to live and thrive in conditions thought far too dangerous only a few centuries ago. In recent times, the development of the COVID-19 vaccine has captured the world’s attention as the primary tool to defeat the current pandemic. The tools used to develop these vaccines have changed dramatically over time, with the use of big data technologies becoming standard in many instances. This study performs a structured literature review centered on the development, distribution, and evaluation of vaccines and the role played by big data tools such as data analytics, datamining, and machine learning. Through this review, the paper identifies where these technologies have made important contributions and in what areas further research is likely to be useful.

An Opportunity for In-Game Ad Placement

2011 ◽  
pp. 480-490
Author(s):  
Heather M. Schulz ◽  
Matthew S. Eastin
Keyword(s):  
Video Games ◽  
Digital Media ◽  
Video Game ◽  
Strong Force ◽  
Active Identification ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Over Time

It is argued here that the potential connections video game advertisers can build with consumers makes this new medium a strong force in the digital media world. A meaning-based model is introduced to explain the fluctuation of meaning over time, which is caused by the individual and social interpretation and integration of signs and symbols. The history of video games will be comprehensively interpreted through this model to explain the active identification going on between consumers and video games.

Origins

2020 ◽  
pp. 11-30
Author(s):  
Phillip Brown
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Adam Smith ◽  
Wealth Creation ◽  
Capital Theory ◽  
Ibn Khaldun ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Human Labor ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Individual

This chapter discusses the history of human capital theory. Before the mid-twentieth century the idea of human capital had a checkered history. Ideas linking the role of human labor to wealth creation can be traced to the works of Aristotle, Ibn Khaldun, and Thomas Aquinas. The chapter examines the ideas posed by notable economic theorists and thinkers such as Adam Smith, Alfred Marshall, Theodore Schultz, and Gary Becker. It shows how the ideas developed by these thinkers extended to a wide range of issues concerning the relationship between education and the labor market. In turn, they were able to influence policy in such powerful ways that their legacy remains. Above all, their influence shaped the way education is viewed in many countries: as an investment in the economic fortunes of the individual and the nation. This view gradually emerged as the dominant one, but was triumphantly sealed by the advent of neoliberalism in the 1980s.

Bringing Back the Person into Behavioural Personality Science Using Big Data

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 670-686
Author(s):  
Karl–Heinz Renner ◽  
Stephanie Klee ◽  
Timo von Oertzen
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Research Topics ◽  
Personality Psychology ◽  
Individual Person ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Data Collection And Analysis ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Individual

Behaviour and the individual person are important but widely neglected topics of personality psychology. We argue that new technologies to collect and new methods to analyse Big (Behavioural) Data have the potential to bring back both more behaviour and the individual person into personality science. The call for studying the individual person in the history of personality science, the related idiographic/nomothetic divide, as well as attempts to reconcile these two approaches are briefly reviewed. Furthermore, different meanings of the term idiographic and some unique selling points that emphasize the importance of idiographic research are highlighted. A nonexhaustive literature review shows that a wealth of behaviours are considered in extant personality studies using such Big Data but only in a nomothetic way. Against this background, we demonstrate the potential of Big Data collection and analysis with regard to four idiographic research topics: (i) unique manifestations of common traits and the resurgence of personal dispositions, (ii) idiographic prediction, (iii) intraindividual consistency versus variability of behaviour and (iv) intraindividual personality trait change through intervention. Methodological, ethical and legal pitfalls of doing Big Data research with individual persons as well as potential countermeasures are considered.

The Natural History of Food Allergy

PEDIATRICS ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 111 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 1631-1637 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert A. Wood
Keyword(s):  
Food Allergy ◽  
Natural History ◽  
Food Allergies ◽  
Specific Information ◽  
Milk Allergy ◽  
Tree Nuts ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Specific Food

The natural history of food allergy refers to the development of food sensitivities as well as the possible loss of the same food sensitivities over time. Most food allergy is acquired in the first 1 to 2 years of life, whereas the loss of food allergy is a far more variable process, depending on both the individual child and the specific food allergy. For example, whereas most milk allergy is outgrown over time, most allergies to peanuts and tree nuts are never lost. In addition, whereas some children may lose their milk allergy in a matter of months, the process may take as long as 8 or 10 years in other children. This review provides an overview of the natural history of food allergy and provides specific information on the natural course of the most common childhood food allergies.

Which personal qualities do cancer patients value the most in their clinical oncologists?

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e20636-e20636
Author(s):  
Ernesto Gil Deza ◽  
Gaston Martin Reinas ◽  
Daniela Gercovich ◽  
Eduardo L. Morgenfeld ◽  
Flavio Tognelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Educational Level ◽  
Population Characteristics ◽  
The Other ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
History Of ◽  
Important Quality ◽  
Personal Qualities ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Individual Condition ◽  
Over Time

e20636 Background: In the History of medicine, the most desired qualities in a doctor have changed over time. The objective of the following paper is to analyze which qualities do our patients (Pt) consider most important in their doctors. Methods: Between Oct 15th and Nov 15th, 2012, 1003 out of 3,795 Pt who were assisted at the IOHM were given the option to partake in an anonymous survey which evaluated the qualities they valued the most in their doctor, such as: knowledge, experience, honesty, sympathy, availability, humility, humanity or other. Each Pt was asked to pick the three they thought most important. Answers were gathered and analyzed according to frequency distribution. Results: A total of 845 out of 1003 (84%) Pt elected to participate. Population characteristics: Sex: fem: 332, male: 207, left blank (LB): 306. Mean age 58y (range 18 – 94). Married: 355, unmarried: 211, LB: 279. Children: Yes 460 No/LB: 385. Highest educational level achieved: primary studies:186, high school: 348, university: 216. LB: 98. Employed: 382, retired: 240, unemployed: 112, LB 111. The following results are expressed as a percentage of 845 Pt. The most valued qualities in a doctor were: knowledge (51%), honesty (44%), humanity (43%), availability (32%), experience (31%), humility (19%), sympathy (18%), others (3%). Although the most important quality was always knowledge, there was a marked difference between sexes: women valued humanity more than honesty (Chi square p=0.001) while men believed honesty (Chi square p=0.001) and experience (Chi square= 0.01) were more important than humanity. Conclusions: These results showed that there is no set of qualities that is valued above all others. Even though knowledge was always the most important, the value of the other six characteristics depends in great measure from the individual condition of the patients (such as sex, age and stage of the disease). However as the Pt usually do not have the skills to evaluate the Dr’s knowledge, honesty and humanity remains the most valued personal conditions.

Did ‘Respectable’ Women Attend Symposia?

2012 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
SEAN CORNER
Keyword(s):  
Ancient Greek ◽  
Male Bias ◽  
Participation Of Women ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
History Of ◽  
Female Presence ◽  
Greek World ◽  
Broad Generalization ◽  
Over Time

In her article, ‘Women's Commensality in the Ancient Greek World', which appeared in this journal in 1998, Joan Burton set out to correct scholars’ neglect of ‘the topic of women's part in the history of ancient Greek dining and drinking parties’. She argued that the proposition that citizen women never participated in symposia is a broad generalization. Based on classical Athenian evidence, it misses variation over time and in different places. Even in the case of classical Athens it is overstated, overlooking the male bias of our sources. Moreover, scholars' concentration on the symposium has led to the neglect of other occasions of commensality and so of the important role played by women in Greek commensality more broadly:the participation of women in the history of Greek commensality does not depend solely on female presence at male-defined symposia. Just as men had a wide range of venues in which they might socialize with one another, including public banquets (many of them religious), so too women.

WORKING WITH A MAN WHO HAS PRADER-WILLI SYNDROME AND HIS SUPPORT STAFF USING MOTIVATIONAL PRINCIPLES

2000 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 293-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Rose ◽  
Steve Walker
Keyword(s):  
Learning Disabilities ◽  
Support Staff ◽  
Prader Willi Syndrome ◽  
Challenging Behaviour ◽  
Residential Setting ◽  
Chromosomal Disorder ◽  
Behavioural Characteristics ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Over Time

This paper describes an intervention with a man who has Prader-Willi Syndrome (PWS) and mild learning disabilities in a residential setting. PWS is a chromosomal disorder that is characterized by a wide range of behavioural characteristics including overeating and challenging behaviour. The intervention was based on a range of principles derived from a motivational interviewing approach, which were embedded in a broader behavioural framework that was designed to assist in weight reduction and reduce challenging behaviour. Records of weight and challenging behaviour kept over time suggest that the approach had relatively little impact on overall weight. However, levels of challenging behaviour were reduced quickly and have been maintained at a stable and lower level. Weight has also been maintained at a reasonably constant level without confrontation with staff or excessive restrictions on the individual concerned. Relationships between the individual and staff in the home also improved over the course of the intervention.

scholarly journals THE VISUAL SYSTEMS OF EURYHALINE FISHES

1941 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Wald
Keyword(s):  
Visual System ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Brook Trout ◽  
White Perch ◽  
Terrestrial Vertebrates ◽  
Visual Systems ◽  
Formal Requirement ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Individual

1. The retinas of all marine fishes so far examined except the Labridae, and of all terrestrial vertebrates contain the rhodopsin system alone; those of fresh water fishes the porphyropsin system alone. In the present paper the visual systems of a number of euryhaline fishes are examined—fishes capable of existence in a wide range of salinities, though usually restricted in spawning either to the sea (catadromous) or to fresh water (anadromous). 2. The retinas of the anadromous salmonids (brook trout, rainbow trout, and chinook salmon) contain mixtures of the rhodopsin and porphyropsin systems, predominantly the latter. The retinas of the catadromous eel and the killifish also contain mixtures of both systems, but in reverse proportions. The retinas of the anadromous white perch and alewife contain the porphyropsin system alone. 3. There is therefore an extensive parallelism between the salinity relations of these animals and the composition of their visual systems. All of them possess predominantly or exclusively the visual system commonly associated with the environment in which the fish spawns. 4. These patterns are fixed genetically, and are to a first approximation independent of the history of the individual. They may represent transitional stages in the evolutionary migration of fishes to and from the sea. The presence of both types of visual system in the retinas of some euryhaline fishes incidentally satisfies one formal requirement of two-component color vision.

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