An Investigational Approach for Vowels of the Salar Language Based on a Database of Speech Acoustic Parameters

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Jun Ma ◽  
Hongzhi Yu ◽  
Yan Xu ◽  
Kaiying Deng
Keyword(s):  
Speech Synthesis ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Acoustic Parameter ◽  
Frequency Parameter ◽  
National Language ◽  
Speech Acoustics ◽  
Acoustic Parameters ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Basic Parameters ◽  
Second Formant

According to relevant specifications, this article divides, marks, and extracts the acquired speech signals of the Salar language, and establishes the speech acoustic parameter database of the Salar language. Then, the vowels of the Salar language are analyzed and studied by using the parameter database. The vowel bitmap (average value at the beginning of words), the vowel bitmap (average value at the abdomen of words), the vowel bitmap (average value at the ending of words), and the vowel bitmap (average value) are obtained. Through the vowel bitmaps, we can observe the vowel in different positions of the word, the overall appearance of an obtuse triangle. The high vowel [i], [o], and low vowel [a] occupy three vertices, respectively. Among the three lines, [i] to [o] are the longest, [i] to [a] are the second longest, and [a] to [o] are the shortest. The lines between [a] to [o] and [a] and [i] are asymmetric. Combining with the vowel bitmap, the vowels were discretized, and the second formant (F2) frequency parameter was used as the coordinate of the X axis, and the first formant (F1) frequency was used as the coordinate of the Y axis to draw the region where the vowel was located, and then the vowel pattern was formed. These studies provide basic data and parameters for the future development of modern phonetics such as the database of Sarah language speech, speech recognition, and speech synthesis. It also provides the basic parameters of speech acoustics for the rare minority acoustic research work of the national language project.

Modelling acoustic parameters of prosody for read and acted‐speech synthesis

2008 ◽  
Vol 123 (5) ◽  
pp. 3177-3177
Author(s):  
Milan Rusko ◽  
Marián Trnka ◽  
Sakhia Darjaa ◽  
Richard Kováč ◽  
Juraj Hamar
Keyword(s):  
Speech Synthesis ◽  
Acoustic Parameters

scholarly journals Effect of Stage Volume Ratio on Audience Acoustics in Concert Halls

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 1370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin Yong Jeon ◽  
Rosa Seo ◽  
Hyun In Jo
Keyword(s):  
Computer Simulation ◽  
Simple Model ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Acoustic Parameter ◽  
Acoustic Parameters ◽  
Design Factor ◽  
Acoustic Design ◽  
Critical Design ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Concert Halls

This report proposes the stage volume ratio (Vo/V) as an acoustic design factor for concert halls and presents an investigation of the dependence of the acoustic parameters of an auditorium on the stage volume through computer simulation. Firstly, the ratio of the stage volume to the total volume of a concert hall was defined as Vo/V through case studies of existing concert halls. It was verified using a simple model that the stage acoustic parameter STEarly and audience acoustic parameters G and C80 decreased, whereas, the reverberation time and early decay time increased with increasing Vo/V. Secondly, a computer simulation was performed for nine existing concert halls, while changing Vo/V from −20% to 30%. The room acoustic parameters exhibited the same patterns as suggested by the simple model. Vo/V significantly affected the bass ratio and bass index. A comparison of the effects of Vo/V and the sound absorption coefficient in nine concert halls revealed that Vo/V contributed approximately 15% to the reverberation and affected the bass characteristics more substantially. Thus, Vo/V is a critical design factor when determining the warmth of the audience acoustics. The study results could be used as a basis for acoustic design in the future.

scholarly journals THE EXPERIENCE OF NOSE TAMPONS APPLICATION WITH PRESERVATION OF THE NASAL RESPIRATION FUNCTION

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 34-39
Author(s):  
V.A. Karnialiuk ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Analogue Scale ◽  
Nasal Cavity ◽  
Medical Device ◽  
Mucous Membrane ◽  
Analogue Scale ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Endoscopic Examination ◽  
Nasal Breathing ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Traumatic Effect

Nasal tampons should provide effective hemostasis while maintaining the function of nasal breathing, and not produce a traumatic effect on the mucous membrane of the nasal cavity. Within the frames of the research work in the Republican Scientific and Practical Center of Otorhinolaryngology, together with LLC «Advantmed», nasal tampons with preservation of the nasal breathing function of several sizes (14×64×7 mm and 19×84×7 mm) have been developed and manufactured. A registration certificate for a medical device has been received. Objectives. To evaluate the effectiveness of the use of nasal tampons while maintaining the nasal breathing function. In the course of the work, the time of stopping bleeding has been measured, patients have been surveyed concerning preservation of their nasal breathing function during tamponade of the nasal cavity, comfort of the tamponade of the nasal cavity using a 10-point visual analogue scale has been assessed by the patients, the degree of edema and hyperemia of the nasal mucosa has been determined, the presence of scabs and fibrin plaque during endoscopic examination of the nasal cavity using a 3-point visual analogue scale has also been determined. Results. Nasal tampons with preservation of the nasal breathing function have good hemostatic quality: the speed of stopping bleeding was 5±1 seconds compared to 9±1 seconds in case of glove-gauze tamponade (p<0.05). When questionnairing all patients (100%) during the period of using the developed medical device, the function of nasal breathing was determined as sufficient. Conclusions. Tamponade of the nasal cavity using nasal tampons while maintaining the nasal breathing function is better tolerated by patients than the glove-gauze one (the comfort of tamponade of the nasal cavity according to the visual analogue scale varied from 4 to 6 points (with an average value of 4.9±0.6 points) in comparison with 5-8 points (on an average 6.8±0.3 points), respectively (p<0.05)). It has a less pronounced traumatic effect on the mucous membrane of the nasal cavity compared to that of the glove-gauze tamponade.

scholarly journals Variability of morphometric indicators of honey bees bred in Almaty region

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
U.A. Nuralieva ◽  
A.A. Baisabyrova ◽  
G.A. Moldakhmetova ◽  
K.A. Temirbayeva ◽  
R.Zh. Shimelkova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Honey Bees ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Effective Management ◽  
Ministry Of Education ◽  
Average Value ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Efficiency Of Selection ◽  
Bee Colonies ◽  
Selection Of

One of the ways to intensify the production of beekeeping products is selection. Bee breeding is not only one of the most important methods, but also the most economically efficient way to increase the productivity of bee colonies. Thus, the selection of bees and the implementation of its achievements into production are one of the most important and most effective directions for intensifying beekeeping. Research work was carried out under the project of program-targeted financing of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan on the topic "Development of technologies for effective management of the selection process in beekeeping." This article examines the characteristics of the morphometric indicators of honeybees in the Almaty region of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The material for the research was the specimens of worker bees from apiaries located in the Almaty region of the Devochkin farm, Panov farm, Kalinin Individual Entrepreneur, Adilgazy Individual Entrepreneur, Kashkimbaev farm. To carry out the study according to the method of A.B. Kartashev, 35 samples of bees were worked out. Changes in the parameters of the wings, including the cubital and dumbbell index, discoidal displacement by bee species: Central Russian, Carpathian, Italian and Carniolian honey bee, are considered. It was found that in Kalinin’s apiary morphometric indicators for the cubital index, the average value was 2,787%. As a result, the morphometric indices for the cubital index in bees of the IP Kalinin bee were 2.777%. Whereas in other farms, the average value was significantly lower for all indicators. Accordingly, the percentage of the cubital index was 7.42-17.36%, the dumbbell index was 6.77-11.81%, and the discoidal displacement was 32.91-47.37%. According to all indicators, it is clear that the Kalinin Individual Entrepreneur’s bee farm is superior to other bee farms in terms of morphometric data. This is due to the isolation of the beekeeping and out of reach of other bees, thus ensuring a low level of hybridization. The considered analysis of the species belonging to the entire apiary, as well as economically useful features, can significantly increase the efficiency of selection work in beekeeping.

scholarly journals Identification of acoustic parameters for broiler welfare estimate

2014 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 413-421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erica M. Pereira ◽  
Irenilza de A. Nääs ◽  
Rodrigo G. Garcia
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Specific Response ◽  
Acoustic Parameters ◽  
Subjective Character ◽  
Spectral Centroid ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Second Formant

Estimates of broiler welfare have subjective character. Nowadays, researchers seek non-invasive features or indicators that may describe this condition in animal production. The aim of this study was to identify acoustic parameters to estimate broiler welfare using the following five vocalization acoustic parameters: energy, spectral centroid, bandwidth, first formant, and second formant. The database that generated the model was obtained from a field experiment with 432 broilers, which half were Cobb® and half, Ross® breed, from day 21 to 42, containing bird vocalizations under either welfare or stress conditions. The results of the experiment generated responses to the tested conditions of gender, genetic strain, and welfare. The proposed model was based on the specific response of mean weights for each situation of stress and well-being. From the results, a model was developed to estimate the welfare condition of broilers from the registered information linked to their vocalization.

Sonification Design for Real-Time Processes: Issues and a Demonstration

2002 ◽  
Vol 46 (17) ◽  
pp. 1574-1578
Author(s):  
Janet Anderson ◽  
Penelope Sanderson
Keyword(s):  
Divided Attention ◽  
Design Problem ◽  
Discrimination Task ◽  
Acoustic Parameter ◽  
Acoustic Parameters ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Effective Operation ◽  
Physiological Information ◽  
Strategic Perspective ◽  
Perceptual Limits

While interest is growing in the possible advantages of sonifiying physiological information in the operating room, principles to guide the design of sonifications have not been folly developed. An unresolved question concerns the number of auditory streams that can be monitored and the number of auditory dimensions carrying information within a stream that can be monitored. This question has implications for the effective operation of selective and divided attention. This experiment explored the perceptual limits of attending to six acoustic parameters of one sound stream. A range of discriminable differences was developed for each of six acoustic parameters. Performance on a discrimination task for all six acoustic parameters was significantly different from chance when only one acoustic parameter changed. Performance levels significantly different from chance were obtained for five of the six acoustic parameters when one other distractor parameter also changed. However, performance dropped to below chance for all parameters when five distractor parameters also changed. The results are discussed in the context of ongoing research that approaches the design problem from both a perceptual perspective and a cognitive, strategic perspective.

scholarly journals Handclap for Acoustic Measurements: Optimal Application and Limitations

Acoustics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 224-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolaos M. Papadakis ◽  
Georgios E. Stavroulakis
Keyword(s):  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Acoustic Parameter ◽  
Reverberation Time ◽  
Octave Band ◽  
Acoustic Measurements ◽  
Frequency Range ◽  
Acoustic Source ◽  
Signal To Noise ◽  
Acoustic Parameters

Handclap is a convenient and useful acoustic source. This study aimed to explore its optimal application and limitations for acoustic measurements as well for other possible utilizations. For this purpose, the following steps were performed: investigation of the optimal hand configuration for acoustic measurements and measurements at different microphone source distances and at different spaces and positions. All measurements were performed with a handclap and a dodecahedron speaker for comparison. The results indicate that the optimal hand configuration (among 11) is with the hands cupped and held at an angle due to the superior low frequency spectrum. This configuration produced usable acoustic parameter measurements in the low frequency range in common room background levels unlike other configurations. The reverberation time was measured across different spaces and positions with a deviation less than three and just a noticeable difference of the signal-to-noise ratio within or near the ISO 3382-1 limits for each corresponding octave band. Other acoustic parameters (i.e., early decay time, clarity) were measured with greater deviations for reasons discussed in the text. Finally, practical steps for measurements with a handclap as an acoustic source are suggested.

scholarly journals Effectuation of Acoustic Characterisics in Young Adults

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 7002-7009
Keyword(s):  
User Interface ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Acoustic Parameters ◽  
Voice Analysis ◽  
Test Analysis ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Basic Parameters ◽  
Analysis Application ◽  
The Voice

Each human being has a voice that is distinct and unique. Extraction and analysis of the features of a person’s voice plays a vital role in diagnosis of diseases in the recent years. The basic parameters used for the voice analysis are Fundamental Frequency (F0), Jitter, Shimmer and Harmonics-to-Noise Ratio. Most of the prevailing Voice Analysis Software are highly commercial with complicated User Interface, requiring expertise to operate them. Hence the proposed study is carried out, which led to the development of a Voice Analysis Application called ‘Ephphatha’. A novel algorithm with improvised measures for voice analysis is used in Ephphatha. The acoustic parameters of duly collected voice samples were analyzed by Ephphatha and compared with the existing algorithms like PRAAT and Multi-Dimensional Voice Program (MDVP) of CSL(Computerized Speech Lab), with F-test analysis. The result showed no significant difference in F0 (p>0.05), except for its Standard Deviation values (p<0.001). The Ratio Of Variance (ROV) is less than or equal to 1 for F0. The other parameters are not significantly correlated. Also it showed that the shimmer values are moderately correlated (p<0.05), when Ephphatha is compared with CSL. It was also seen that all the parameters of PRAAT and Ephphatha have no significance difference (P > 0.05), except for the Shimmer values (p<0.001). Thus Ephphatha would undoubtedly equip the experienced clinicians with its novel approach and better User Interface.

Prediction of Syllable Duration Using Structure Optimised Cuckoo Search Neural Network (SOCNN) for Text-To-Speech

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 7538-7544
Author(s):  
T Jayasankar ◽  
J. Arputha Vijayaselvi
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Speech Synthesis ◽  
Unit Length ◽  
Back Propagation ◽  
Cuckoo Search ◽  
National Language ◽  
Text To Speech ◽  
Feed Forward Neural Network ◽  
Feed Forward ◽  
The Neural Network

A Feed Forward Neural Network (FFNN) model primarily based unrestricted delivery prediction of language unit length pattern info speech synthesis system is that the focus of this paper. Estimation of delivery parameter of segmental length plays a essential half in unrestricted concatenative synthesis Text To Speech System (TTS) is capable of synthesize natural sounding speech with improved quality. Common options to coach the Neural Network enclosed language unit position within the phrase, context of language unit, language unit position within the word, language unit nucleus and amp; language unit identity square measure extracted from the text. Back-propagation Neural Network (BPNN) formula is one in every of the foremost wide used and a preferred technique to optimize the feed forward neural network coaching in delivery prediction. For enhance the accuracy of delivery prediction language unit length in neural BP, that’s Cuckoo Search formula to seek out the structure of the neural network with least weights while not compromising on the prediction error is planned. Speech information is adopted to check the length prediction performance of planned SOCNN, wherever the obtained results demonstrate a marked improvement over the essential BP. The system performance is shown mistreatment the synthesizing natural sounding speech for Tamil, national language of Republic of India.

scholarly journals Altered auditory feedback induces coupled changes in formant frequencies during speech production

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ding-lan Tang ◽  
Daniel R. Lametti ◽  
Kate E. Watkins
Keyword(s):  
Speech Production ◽  
Auditory Feedback ◽  
Motor System ◽  
Speech Sound ◽  
Speech Acoustics ◽  
Articulatory Movements ◽  
Vowel Space ◽  
Speech Feedback ◽  
Second Formant ◽  
Speech Motor

AbstractSpeaking is one of the most complicated motor behaviours, involving a large number of articulatory muscles which can move independently to command precise changes in speech acoustics. Here, we used real-time manipulations of speech feedback to test whether the acoustics of speech production (e.g. the formants) reflect independently controlled articulatory movements or combinations of movements. During repetitive productions of “head, bed, dead”, either the first (F1) or the second formant (F2) of vowels was shifted and fed back to participants. We then examined whether changes in production in response to these alterations occurred for only the perturbed formant or both formants. In Experiment 1, our results showed that participants who received increased F1 feedback significantly decreased their F1 productions in compensation, but also significantly increased the frequency of their F2 productions. The combined F1-F2 change moved the utterances closer to a known pattern of speech production (i.e. the vowel category “hid, bid, did”). In Experiment 2, we further showed that a downshift in frequency of F2 feedback also induced significant compensatory changes in both the perturbed (F2) and the unperturbed formant (F1) that were in opposite directions. Taken together, the results demonstrate that a shift in auditory feedback of a single formant drives combined changes in related formants. The results suggest that, although formants can be controlled independently, the speech motor system may favour a strategy in which changes in formant production are coupled to maintain speech production within specific regions of the vowel space corresponding to existing speech-sound categories.New & NoteworthyFindings from previous studies examining responses to altered auditory feedback are inconsistent with respect to the changes speakers make to their production. Speakers can compensate by specifically altering their production to offset the acoustic error in feedback. Alternatively, they may compensate by changing their speech production more globally to produce a speech sound closer to an existing category in their repertoire. Our study shows support for the latter strategy.

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