Pointer-Based Divergence Analysis for OpenCL 2.0 Programs

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Shao-Chung Wang ◽  
Lin-Ya Yu ◽  
Li-An Her ◽  
Yuan-Shin Hwang ◽  
Jenq-Kuen Lee
Keyword(s):  
Special Functions ◽  
Previous Analysis ◽  
Data Parallelism ◽  
Fixed Size ◽  
Static Single Assignment ◽  
Analysis Scheme ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Relation Graph ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Gpu Architecture

A modern GPU is designed with many large thread groups to achieve a high throughput and performance. Within these groups, the threads are grouped into fixed-size SIMD batches in which the same instruction is applied to vectors of data in a lockstep. This GPU architecture is suitable for applications with a high degree of data parallelism, but its performance degrades seriously when divergence occurs. Many optimizations for divergence have been proposed, and they vary with the divergence information about variables and branches. A previous analysis scheme viewed pointers and return values from functions as divergence directly, and only focused on OpenCL 1.x. In this article, we present a novel scheme that reports the divergence information for pointer-intensive OpenCL programs. The approach is based on extended static single assignment (SSA) and adds some special functions and annotations from memory SSA and gated SSA. The proposed scheme first constructs extended SSA, which is then used to build a divergence relation graph that includes all of the possible points-to relationships of the pointers and initialized divergence states. The divergence state of the pointers can be determined by propagating the divergence state of the divergence relation graph. The scheme is further extended for interprocedural cases by considering function-related statements. The proposed scheme was implemented in an LLVM compiler and can be applied to OpenCL programs. We analyzed 10 programs with 24 kernels, with a total analyzed program size of 1,306 instructions in an LLVM intermediate representation, with 885 variables, 108 branches, and 313 pointer-related statements. The total number of divergent pointers detected was 146 for the proposed scheme, 200 for the scheme in which the pointer was always divergent, and 155 for the current LLVM default scheme; the total numbers of divergent variables detected were 458, 519, and 482, respectively, with 31, 34, and 32 divergent branches. These experimental results indicate that the proposed scheme is more precise than both a scheme in which a pointer is always divergent and the current LLVM default scheme.

scholarly journals Cross-section instability in financial markets: impatience, extrapolation, and switching

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Dieci ◽  
Xue-Zhong He
Keyword(s):  
Financial Markets ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Asset Price ◽  
Asset Market ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Equilibrium Market ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Fundamental Price

AbstractThis paper presents a stylized model of interaction among boundedly rational heterogeneous agents in a multi-asset financial market to examine how agents’ impatience, extrapolation, and switching behaviors can affect cross-section market stability. Besides extrapolation and performance based switching between fundamental and extrapolative trading documented in single asset market, we show that a high degree of ‘impatience’ of agents who are ready to switch to more profitable trading strategy in the short run provides a further cross-section destabilizing mechanism. Though the ‘fundamental’ steady-state values, which reflect the standard present-value of the dividends, represent an unbiased equilibrium market outcome in the long run (to a certain extent), the price deviation from the fundamental price in one asset can spill-over to other assets, resulting in cross-section instability. Based on a (Neimark–Sacker) bifurcation analysis, we provide explicit conditions on how agents’ impatience, extrapolation, and switching can destabilize the market and result in a variety of short and long-run patterns for the cross-section asset price dynamics.

Nodulation and performance of exotic and native legumes in Australian soils

2003 ◽  
Vol 51 (5) ◽  
pp. 543 ◽  
Author(s):  
María A. Pérez-Fernández ◽  
Byron B. Lamont
Keyword(s):  
Native Species ◽  
Treated Soil ◽  
Retama Sphaerocarpa ◽  
Australian Species ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Natural Stands ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Western Australian ◽  
Cytisus Balansae ◽  
New Habitats

Six Spanish legumes, Cytisus balansae, C. multiflorus, C. scoparius, C. striatus, Genista hystrix and Retama sphaerocarpa, were able to form effective nodules when grown in six south-western Australian soils. Soils and nodules were collected from beneath natural stands of six native Australian legumes, Jacksonia floribunda, Gompholobium tomentosum, Bossiaea aquifolium, Daviesia horrida, Gastrolobium spinosum and Templetonia retusa. Four combinations of soils and bacterial treatments were used as the soil treatments: sterile soil (S), sterile inoculated soils (SI), non-treated soil (N) and non-treated inoculated soils (NI). Seedlings of the Australian species were inoculated with rhizobia cultured from nodules of the same species, while seedlings of the Spanish species were inoculated with cultures from each of the Australian species. All Australian rhizobia infected all the Spanish species, suggesting a high degree of 'promiscuity' among the bacteria and plant species. The results from comparing six Spanish and six Australian species according to their biomass and total nitrogen in the presence (NI) or absence (S) of rhizobia showed that all species benefitted from nodulation (1.02–12.94 times), with R.�sphaerocarpa and C. striatus benefiting more than the native species. Inoculation (SI and NI) was just as effective as, or more effective than the non-treated soil (i.e. non-sterile) in inducing nodules. Nodules formed on the Spanish legumes were just as efficient at fixing N2 as were those formed on the Australian legumes. Inoculation was less effective than non-treated soil at increasing biomass but just as effective as the soil at increasing nitrogen content. Promiscuity in the legume–bacteria symbiosis should increase the ability of legumes to spread into new habitats throughout the world.

Evaluation of Clinical Competence: The Gap Between Expectation and Performance

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 97 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-184
Author(s):  
Bahman Joorabchi ◽  
Jeffrey M. Devries
Keyword(s):  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Data Gathering ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Resident Performance ◽  
Faculty Expectations ◽  
Clinical Evaluations ◽  
Pediatric Residency ◽  
Objective Structured Clinical Examinations ◽  
And Performance ◽  
High Degree

Objective. To evaluate a 3-year experience with the Objective Structured Clinical Examinations (OSCEs) and to compare faculty expectations with resident performance. Design. Descriptive analysis of measures of resident performance. Setting. Community-based pediatric residency program in Michigan. Participants. One hundred twenty-six pediatric residents at all levels of training. Methods. The three examinations consisted of 36 to 42 5-minute stations, testing skills in physical examination, history, counseling, telephone management, and test interpretation. A committee of faculty and chief residents predetermined minimum pass levels for each resident level. Results were compared with other indices of resident performance. Results. There was evidence for content, construct, and concurrent validity, as well as a high degree of reliability. However, 40% to 96% of residents scored below the minimum pass levels for their levels. In each examination, third-year residents had the highest failure rates, yet they scored well on the American Board of Pediatrics in-training examination and on their monthly clinical evaluations. Furthermore, for residents at all levels, the scores reflecting application of data were significantly lower than those assessing data gathering. Conclusions. The gaps between expectations and performance, and between data gathering and application, have important implications for institutional educational philosophy, suggesting a shift toward more clinically oriented and learner-directed strategies in the design of instructional and evaluation methods.

Features of the development of a professional singing sound of pop-jazz performers in the process of teaching performance skills

2021 ◽  
pp. 123-129
Author(s):  
Olesya V. Arzamastseva ◽  
Larisa A. Tyurina
Keyword(s):  
Music Education ◽  
Professional Training ◽  
Sound Production ◽  
Singing Voice ◽  
Modern Music ◽  
Performance Skills ◽  
Effi Ciency ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Jazz Performance ◽  
High Degree

The urgency of vocational training for pop-jazz musicians is substantiated. The aim of the study is to determine the necessary components in the work on professional sound production in the process of teaching pop-jazz vocal, as well as to demonstrate some ways to increase the effi-ciency of work on sound in the classroom. The issues of the development of a professional singing voice in the process of teaching pop-jazz performance are considered. The research methods in-cluded: study of special literature, analysis and generalization of research and pedagogical expe-rience of the work of leading specialists in the field of music education and performance. The high degree of influence of the level of professional training of performers-vocalists on the national musical culture is proved. Practical recommendations for work on singing sound production in the process of professional training of pop-jazz singers in modern music educational institutions are presented.

scholarly journals The reality of Educational accountability and its mechanisms among school leaders in public education schools in Sharourah governorate/ Najran

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Qasim Almqablah
Keyword(s):  
Public Education ◽  
School Leaders ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
School Level ◽  
First Semester ◽  
Female Teachers ◽  
General Average ◽  
And Performance ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Academic Year

The study aimed to identify the reality of practicing accountability among school leaders in public education schools in Sharourah Governorate / Najran and the degree of accountability in the administrative and technical domains. To achieve this goal, the researcher used the analytical survey approach. The study was applied to a sample of )177 ( teachers, including (101) male teachers and (76) female teachers, in the first semester of the academic year 2018- 2019. The results of the study found that, the practice of accountability among the leaders of public education schools in Sharourah governorate / Najran from teachers point of view has got a general average (4.02), high rating, and according to the domains level, practicing accountability in administrative domain has got an average; (3.93), with a high rating, also, practicing accountability in the technical domain has got an average of (3.90) with a high degree. There were no statistically significant differences at the level of (0.05 = α) between the arithmetical averages of the total score for the degree of accountability in administrative and technical domains due to the differences in the variables of the study (years of experience and the scientific qualification). There were statistically significant differences in the degree of accountability in administrative and technical domains due to gender in favor of males; and in the variable of a school level in favor of high school. The study recommended the need to spread the culture of accountability, And to clarify the nature, methods, objectives and mechanisms for teachers, and the need to provide standards and performance indicators used in accountability process.

scholarly journals Organizational culture and its impact on the behavior and performance of employees: الثقافة التنظيمية و أثرها على سلوك و أداء الموظفين

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Iman Ahmed Bakthir
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Culture ◽  
Team Work ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
Open Door Policy ◽  
Administrative Authority ◽  
Pressure Groups ◽  
Employees Satisfaction ◽  
And Performance ◽  
High Level ◽  
High Degree

The study aimed to identify the type of organizational culture among managers and department heads of United Sugar Company in Jeddah and its impact on the performance of employees. In addition to diagnose the staff and management understanding of the organizational culture role in improving the overall performance of the company. The study sample consisted of (17) managers and (141) employees from all departments within the United Sugar Company. The researcher used the study tool represented by two questioners, one for managers and the other for staff. Answers samples were treated statistically using the statistical analysis software SPSS. Approach that the researcher used was descriptive analytical approach, which describes the nature of the theoretical and field study. The researcher was able to reach managers’ answers results, represented by the diversity of the study sample in terms of organisational rank, qualifications, experience and age. Results indicated the presence of a degree of neutrality in giving managers a mandate administrative authority over employees. It was shown in the study the presence of margin of freedom for employees to express their opinions, however it was not in the required level. The study also shown that the administration involves staff in the development of current and future plans for the company with a high degree, also managers encourage staff to propose alternatives and scientific solutions to problems they face. Awareness demonstrated by staff and managers towards work policies and regulations indicates a good organizational culture. It was found also that managers contribute to modernizing the working environment and identify their needs in modern scientific ways and they encourage team work spirit within employees to create a healthy organizational culture while not afraid of pressure groups since they have a high level of organizational culture. Interest in transferring expertise from outside the company is evidence on the capacity of their organizational culture. The high degree employees’ satisfaction represents the drive to believe in the culture of the organization. The study recommended the need to raise the degree of mangers involving staff in the authorities delegation and the need to adopt open-door policy also for staff to participate in decision-making process. Also it was recommended by the research to direct the attention towards training on the job and make it a gateway to the company's culture. It was urged on the need for transferring a lot of successful experiences to other companies in support of spreading the organization's culture. It was recommended to care about the importance of the development of policies and administrative regulations and make them more flexible to allow for a wide organizational culture. And to follow global corporate developments and investigate the reasons for its success and the role of organizational culture in it and adopt accordingly. It was pointed the need to honor the contributions of outstanding efforts to encourage science and organizational culture. It also recommended holding periodic contests where workers highlight the performance and awareness degree of organizational culture, also holding seminars, lectures and exhibitions inside and outside the company to spread the organizational culture of the company to other parties.

scholarly journals Framework for Design Exploration and Performance Analysis of RF-NoC Manycore Architecture

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
Habiba Lahdhiri ◽  
Jordane Lorandel ◽  
Salvatore Monteleone ◽  
Emmanuelle Bourdel ◽  
Maurizio Palesi
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Design Space Exploration ◽  
Routing Algorithm ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Promising Solution ◽  
And Performance ◽  
On Chip ◽  
Many Core ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Real Traffic

The Network-on-chip (NoC) paradigm has been proposed as a promising solution to enable the handling of a high degree of integration in multi-/many-core architectures. Despite their advantages, wired NoC infrastructures are facing several performance issues regarding multi-hop long-distance communications. RF-NoC is an attractive solution offering high performance and multicast/broadcast capabilities. However, managing RF links is a critical aspect that relies on both application-dependent and architectural parameters. This paper proposes a design space exploration framework for OFDMA-based RF-NoC architecture, which takes advantage of both real application benchmarks simulated using Sniper and RF-NoC architecture modeled using Noxim. We adopted the proposed framework to finely configure a routing algorithm, working with real traffic, achieving up to 45% of delay reduction, compared to a wired NoC setup in similar conditions.

PHR in Cloud Environment Using Enhanced Attribute Based Encryption and Advanced Encryption Standard

2014 ◽  
Vol 573 ◽  
pp. 588-592
Author(s):  
T.B. Sivakumar ◽  
S. Geetha
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Key Management ◽  
Personal Health Record ◽  
Personal Health ◽  
Health Record ◽  
Multiple Forms ◽  
Health Records ◽  
Attribute Based Encryption ◽  
And Performance ◽  
High Degree

Personal Health Record is internet based application that enables individuals to access and coordinates their womb-to-tomb health data. The patients have management over access to their own PHR. To attain security of non-public health records, we have a tendency to use the attribute based secret writing to write in code to inform before outsourcing it. Here we have a tendency to specialize in multiple forms of PHR owner situation and division of non-public health records users into multiple security domains that cut back key management complex for house owners and users. A high degree of patient’s privacy is secured. Our theme offer a personal health record owner full management of his/her information. In depth security and performance analysis shows that the projected theme is very economical.

scholarly journals Three-Dimensional Video Watermarking – A Review and Open Challenges

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omar N. Al-Boeridi ◽  
Hong Ren Wu ◽  
Ron Van Schyndel
Keyword(s):  
Image Watermarking ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Visual Media ◽  
Video Watermarking ◽  
Stereo Image ◽  
Visual Signal ◽  
Visual Medium ◽  
Ip Protection ◽  
And Performance ◽  
High Degree

Intellectual property (IP) protection of three-dimensional (3-D) media is an important issue for both academic and wider communities to combat the illegal distribution and pirating of this visual medium. Digital watermarking has been used to address various challenges in media IP protection. The challenge central to 3-D video as well as other audio-visual signal watermarking is that given a fixed level of perceptual transparency, a watermarking system cannot simultaneously achieve a high degree of robustness and a high watermark payload. The majority of published research reports in this field try to introduce new embedding methodologies to increase the watermark robustness with highest possible visual media quality. This paper reviews the current state-of-the-art in 3-D video watermarking and assesses various watermarking techniques in the field. Some of 3-D video watermarking techniques are directly inherited from video watermarking, stereo image watermarking or 3-D mesh watermarking, and therefore the relevant techniques in these fields are reviewed in this paper as well. Key performances of various embedding algorithms are examined and compared in this review to identify a benchmark for future development and performance evaluation of new 3-D video watermarking techniques.

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