Nanoparticles for Biomedicine: Coagulation During Synthesis and Applications

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabian H.L. Starsich ◽  
Inge K. Herrmann ◽  
Sotiris E. Pratsinis
Keyword(s):  
Colloidal Stability ◽  
Body Fluids ◽  
Particle Interactions ◽  
Coupling Effects ◽  
Synthesis Of Nanoparticles ◽  
Nanoparticle Suspensions ◽  
Scalable Synthesis ◽  
Scalable Methods ◽  
Protein Rich

Nanoparticle-based systems offer fascinating possibilities for biomedicine, but their translation into clinics is slow. Missing sterile, reproducible, and scalable methods for their synthesis along with challenges in characterization and poor colloidal stability of nanoparticles in body fluids are key obstacles. Flame aerosol technology gives proven access to scalable synthesis of nanoparticles with diverse compositions and architectures. Although highly promising in terms of product reproducibility and sterility, this technology is frequently overlooked, as its products are of fractal-like aggregated and/or agglomerated morphology. However, coagulation is a widely occurring phenomenon in all kinds of particle-based systems. In particular, protein-rich body fluids encountered in biomedical settings often lead to destabilization of colloidal nanoparticle suspensions in vivo. We aim to provide insights into how particle–particle interactions can be measured and controlled. Moreover, we show how particle coupling effects driven by coagulation may even be beneficial for certain sensing, therapeutic, and bioimaging applications.

Catheter microelectrode assembly for in-vivo and in-vitro voltammetric analysis of body fluids

Talanta ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Wang ◽  
L.D. Hutchins ◽  
S. Selim ◽  
L.B. Cumming
Keyword(s):  
Body Fluids ◽  
Voltammetric Analysis

On the role of surface composition and curvature on biointerface formation and colloidal stability of nanoparticles in a protein-rich model system

2013 ◽  
Vol 108 ◽  
pp. 110-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guillermo Orts-Gil ◽  
Kishore Natte ◽  
Raphael Thiermann ◽  
Matthias Girod ◽  
Steffi Rades ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colloidal Stability ◽  
Surface Composition ◽  
Model System ◽  
Protein Rich

Punica granatum peel extracts mediated the green synthesis of gold nanoparticles and their detailed in vivo biological activities

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 882-892
Author(s):  
Sami Bawazeer ◽  
Abdur Rauf ◽  
Taufiq Nawaz ◽  
Anees Ahmed Khalil ◽  
Muhammad Sameem Javed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
Muscle Relaxant ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Punica Granatum ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Surface Plasma Resonance ◽  
Pomegranate Peel ◽  
Synthesis Of Nanoparticles ◽  
Vis Spectroscopy

Abstract Requirements for developing new methodologies to biosynthesize nanoparticles are increasing day by day. The typical chemical synthesis of nanoparticles has raised concerns regarding environmental safety and adverse impact on human health. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop green synthesized nanoparticles that are considered to be safe, ecofriendly, and cost-effective as compared to chemical approaches. Hence, in this study, we synthesized and characterized pomegranate peel extract-based gold nanoparticles (PP-AuNPs) through UV-visible spectroscopy, FT-IR, and AFM microscopy. Furthermore, the biological activities like analgesic, muscle relaxant, and sedative properties of synthesized PP-AuNPs were also determined. The change of color to dark ruby indicates the formation of AuNPs. The surface plasma resonance (SPR) peak in the absorption spectra was shown at 525 nm by using (UV-Vis) spectroscopy. A single distinctive peak implied the shape of nanoparticles to be spherical. AFM images revealed that the biosynthesized nanoparticles were spherical in shape. Furthermore, the images confirm the uniform distribution of PP-AuNPs with particle sizes ranging from 4 to 16 nm. Different classes of phytochemicals were preliminarily identified in extracts. The analgesic effect of extracts (70.04%) and PP-AuNPs (81.98%) demonstrated a significant (p < 0.001) percent reduction in writhing at a dose of 100 and 15 mg·kg−1, respectively. A mild muscle relaxant effect was noted against both the tested samples while a significant sedative effect was observed for both samples; however, PP-AuNPs weres more sedative compared to the extract. Pomegranate peel extracts and synthesized PP-AuNPs were found to possess significant analgesic, muscle relaxant, and sedative properties.

Stealth doxorubicin conjugated bimetallic selenium/silver nanoparticles for targeted cervical cancer therapy

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 045006
Author(s):  
Thoko Malinga ◽  
Tukayi Kudanga ◽  
Londiwe Simphiwe Mbatha
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Folic Acid ◽  
Colloidal Stability ◽  
Controlled Drug Release ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Drug Binding ◽  
Cervical Cancer Cells ◽  
Diphenyl Tetrazolium Bromide

Abstract Bimetallic nanosized delivery systems are attracting a lot of research interest as alternatives to monometallic delivery systems. This study evaluated the ability of bimetallic selenium silver chitosan pegylated folic acid targeted nanoparticles (SeAgChPEGFA NPs) to deliver doxorubicin (DOX) in cervical cancer cells. Comparison studies using monometallic selenium chitosan pegylated folic acid (SeChPEGFA NPs) targeted NPs and free DOX were also conducted. The prepared NPs and their drug nanocomplexes were characterised morphologically and physico-chemically. Drug binding and releasing studies were conducted under a simulated environment in vitro. The cytotoxicity and apoptosis studies were studied using the 3-[(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)−2, 5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide] (MTT) assay and the dual dye staining. The findings revealed that the bimetallic SeAgChPEGFA NPs displayed better colloidal stability, superior physico-chemical qualities, and higher binding abilities in comparison with monometallic SeChPEGFA NPs. In addition, the SeAgChPEGFA NPs showed the pH-triggered controlled drug release and cell-specific cytotoxicity. These findings suggest that the bimetallic NPs are superior delivery systems when compared to their monometallic NPs and free drug counterparts, thus, setting a platform for further in vivo examination.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF RHEUMATOID FACTORS AND OF ANTIGLOBULINS ON IMMUNE HEMOLYSIS IN VIVO

1963 ◽  
Vol 117 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel E. Kaplan ◽  
James H. Jandl
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Blood Stream ◽  
Body Fluids ◽  
Red Cells ◽  
Rheumatoid Factors ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Immune Hemolysis

Studies were undertaken in man and in the rat comparing the effects of rheumatoid factors and immune antiglobulins on red cells sensitized with incomplete antibodies. The interaction of immune antiglobulins with sensitized red cells produced (a) agglutination in vitro and (b) an accelerated sequestration of the sensitized cells in vivo. In contrast, rheumatoid macroglobulins, although capable of agglutinating Rh-sensitized red cells in vitro, did not modify their destruction in vivo. The failure of rheumatoid factors to function as antiglobulins in vivo appears to reflect their non-reactivity with sensitized cells in whole serum. It is suggested: (a) that the native (7S) gamma globulins of plasma competitively inhibit rheumatoid factors from reacting with fixed antibody in the blood stream; (b) that if these macroglobulins do indeed have pathogenetic activity, this may be limited to body fluids of low protein content.

LAPONITE®-stabilized iron oxide nanoparticles for in vivo MR imaging of tumors

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 474-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ling Ding ◽  
Yong Hu ◽  
Yu Luo ◽  
Jianzhi Zhu ◽  
Yilun Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iron Oxide ◽  
Mr Imaging ◽  
Iron Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Colloidal Stability ◽  
Coprecipitation Method ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles

LAPONITE®-stabilized iron oxide nanoparticles with great colloidal stability and high T2 relaxivity are synthesized by a facile controlled coprecipitation method, and can significantly enhance the contrast of tumors in vivo, indicating their tremendous potential in MR imaging applications.

scholarly journals ATP and Tri-Polyphosphate (TPP) Suppress Protein Aggregate Growth by a Supercharging Mechanism

Biomedicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1646
Author(s):  
Jordan Bye ◽  
Kiah Murray ◽  
Robin Curtis
Keyword(s):  
Protein Interactions ◽  
Electrostatic Interactions ◽  
Colloidal Stability ◽  
Conformational Stability ◽  
Kinetic Studies ◽  
Structural Factors ◽  
Protein Protein Interactions ◽  
Protein Aggregate ◽  
Aggregate Growth

A common strategy to increase aggregation resistance is through rational mutagenesis to supercharge proteins, which leads to high colloidal stability, but often has the undesirable effect of lowering conformational stability. We show this trade-off can be overcome by using small multivalent polyphosphate ions, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and tripolyphosphate (TPP) as excipients. These ions are equally effective at suppressing aggregation of ovalbumin and bovine serum albumin (BSA) upon thermal stress as monitored by dynamic and static light scattering. Monomer loss kinetic studies, combined with measurements of native state protein–protein interactions and ζ-potentials, indicate the ions reduce aggregate growth by increasing the protein colloidal stability through binding and overcharging the protein. Out of three additional proteins studied, ribonuclease A (RNaseA), α-chymotrypsinogen (α-Cgn), and lysozyme, we only observed a reduction in aggregate growth for RNaseA, although overcharging by the poly-phosphate ions still occurs for lysozyme and α-Cgn. Because the salts do not alter protein conformational stability, using them as excipients could be a promising strategy for stabilizing biopharmaceuticals once the protein structural factors that determine whether multivalent ion binding will increase colloidal stability are better elucidated. Our findings also have biological implications. Recently, it has been proposed that ATP also plays an important role in maintaining intracellular biological condensates and preventing protein aggregation in densely packed cellular environments. We expect electrostatic interactions are a significant factor in determining the stabilizing ability of ATP towards maintaining proteins in non-dispersed states in vivo.

Facile scalable synthesis of highly monodisperse small silica nanoparticles using alkaline buffer solution and their application for efficient sentinel lymph node mapping

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 586-594 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Quan ◽  
Chaedong Lee ◽  
Jung Sun Yoo ◽  
Yuanzhe Piao
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Node ◽  
Sentinel Lymph Node ◽  
Sentinel Lymph Node Mapping ◽  
Buffer Solution ◽  
Diagnostic Efficacy ◽  
Lymph Node Mapping ◽  
Cancer Nanomedicine ◽  
Scalable Synthesis ◽  
Alkaline Buffer Solution

Cancer nanomedicine involving nanotechnology-based drugs and in vivo imaging agents is an active field of nanoscience that provides new ways of enhancing therapeutic and diagnostic efficacy.

scholarly journals Applying Microfluidics for the Production of the Cationic Liposome-Based Vaccine Adjuvant CAF09b

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 1237
Author(s):  
Signe Tandrup Schmidt ◽  
Dennis Christensen ◽  
Yvonne Perrie
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Colloidal Stability ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Cationic Liposome ◽  
Poly I:C ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Adjuvant Activity ◽  
Lipid Film ◽  
Gmp Production

Subunit vaccines require particulate adjuvants to induce the desired immune responses. Pre-clinical manufacturing methods of adjuvants are often batch dependent, which complicates scale-up for large-scale good manufacturing practice (GMP) production. The cationic liposomal adjuvant CAF09b, composed of dioctadecyldimethylammonium bromide (DDA), monomycoloyl glycerol analogue 1 (MMG) and polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid [poly(I:C)], is currently being clinically evaluated in therapeutic cancer vaccines. Microfluidics is a promising new method for large-scale manufacturing of particle-based medicals, which is scalable from laboratory to GMP production, and a protocol for production of CAF09b by this method was therefore validated. The influence of the manufacture parameters [Ethanol] (20–40% v/v), [Lipid] (DDA and MMG, 6–12 mg/mL) and dimethyl sulfoxide [DMSO] (0–10% v/v) on the resulting particle size, colloidal stability and adsorption of poly(I:C) was evaluated in a design-of-experiments study. [Ethanol] and [DMSO] affected the resulting particle sizes, while [Lipid] and [DMSO] affected the colloidal stability. In all samples, poly(I:C) was encapsulated within the liposomes. At [Ethanol] 30% v/v, most formulations were stable at 21 days of manufacture with particle sizes <100 nm. An in vivo comparison in mice of the immunogenicity to the cervical cancer peptide antigen HPV-16 E7 adjuvanted with CAF09b prepared by lipid film rehydration or microfluidics showed no difference between the formulations, indicating adjuvant activity is intact. Thus, it is possible to prepare suitable formulations of CAF09b by microfluidics.

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