Psychology of Transnational Terrorism and Extreme Political Conflict

2021 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 471-501 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott Atran
Keyword(s):  
Social Factors ◽  
Political Conflict ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Transnational Terrorism ◽  
Social Network Dynamics ◽  
Rational Actor ◽  
Sacred Values ◽  
Violent Extremism ◽  
The World ◽  
The Will

Fear of transnational terrorism, along with a revitalization of sectarian nationalism, is sundering social and political consensus across the world. Can psychology help? The focus of this review is on the psychological and related social factors that instigate and sustain violent extremism and polarizing group conflict. I first describe the changing global landscape of transnational terrorism, encompassing mainly violent Islamist revivalism and resurgent racial and ethnic supremacism. Next, I explore the psychosocial nature of the devoted actor and rational actor frameworks, focusing on how sacred values, identity fusion, and social network dynamics motivate and maintain extreme violence. The psychology of the will to fight and die is illustrated in behavioral and brain studies with frontline combatants in Iraq, militant supporters in Morocco, and radicalizing populations in Spain. This is followed by a consideration of how to deal with value-driven conflicts and a discussion of how the Internet and social media encourage the propagation of polarized conflict.

Leveraging on Digital Footprints to Identify Potential Security Threats

2020 ◽  
pp. 1003-1017
Author(s):  
Loo Seng Neo
Keyword(s):  
National Level ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Security Threats ◽  
Law Enforcement Agencies ◽  
Security Issues ◽  
Violent Extremism ◽  
Technological Interventions ◽  
The World ◽  
Digital Footprints ◽  
Malicious Intent

The growing pervasiveness of the internet and the rise of social media have revolutionised how individuals communicate and interact with one another. Serving as an effective conduit for communication, these technological advancements have also been exploited by individuals with malicious intent (e.g., criminals, violent extremists). As the world witnesses an upward trend of such crime and security concerns in the online sphere, it places the ‘responsibility' on intelligence and law enforcement agencies to respond with the appropriate technological interventions. Thus, this article will discuss how digital footprints can be leveraged to identify potential security threats, particularly for crime and security issues that will result in negative repercussion at the national level, such as acts of violent extremism and hate crimes.

Building National Resilience in the Digital Era of Violent Extremism

2020 ◽  
pp. 1322-1342
Author(s):  
Jethro Tan ◽  
Yingmin Wang ◽  
Danielle Gomes
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Crisis Communication ◽  
Critical Infrastructure ◽  
Research Policy ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Internet Age ◽  
Digital Era ◽  
Violent Extremism ◽  
The World

The threat of violent extremism in the Internet age has undoubtedly become one important focus of research, policy, and government bodies all over the world. Understandably, many resources have been invested into counter violent extremism efforts, such as the identification of possible radicalised individuals, and understanding the psychology behind violent extremism. These methods adopt a resistance stance and attempt to prevent violent extremism. However, this chapter argues that resilience is equally, if not more important given the unpredictable nature of violent extremism. The first part examines ‘systems' within a nation such as critical infrastructure and how concepts such as ‘resilient-by-design' can be incorporated to ensure continuity in times of attacks. The second part will explore ‘person' factors of crisis communication, cohesion, and social capital, and how these factors can afford a cohesive society that can overcome the cracks in social order and harmony often caused by violent extremism.

Building National Resilience in the Digital Era of Violent Extremism

2016 ◽  
pp. 307-327
Author(s):  
Jethro Tan ◽  
Yingmin Wang ◽  
Danielle Gomes
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Crisis Communication ◽  
Critical Infrastructure ◽  
Research Policy ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Internet Age ◽  
Digital Era ◽  
Violent Extremism ◽  
The World

The threat of violent extremism in the Internet age has undoubtedly become one important focus of research, policy, and government bodies all over the world. Understandably, many resources have been invested into counter violent extremism efforts, such as the identification of possible radicalised individuals, and understanding the psychology behind violent extremism. These methods adopt a resistance stance and attempt to prevent violent extremism. However, this chapter argues that resilience is equally, if not more important given the unpredictable nature of violent extremism. The first part examines ‘systems' within a nation such as critical infrastructure and how concepts such as ‘resilient-by-design' can be incorporated to ensure continuity in times of attacks. The second part will explore ‘person' factors of crisis communication, cohesion, and social capital, and how these factors can afford a cohesive society that can overcome the cracks in social order and harmony often caused by violent extremism.

Broadband in America

2010 ◽  
pp. 990-1017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark N. Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Social Factors ◽  
Bush Administration ◽  
Econometric Models ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Slow Speed ◽  
Telephone Companies ◽  
The World ◽  
Measures Of Performance ◽  
The U.S ◽  
Intermodal Competition

Under the Bush Administration, the U.S. failed to close the digital divide and fell behind on broadband. In 2001, 54 percent of households did not have the Internet. In late 2007, 49 percent of households did nothave broadband. About 25 percent of households with incomes below $25,000 per year had broadband in 2007; whereas over 80 percent of households with incomes above $75,000 did. In 2001, the U.S. ranked third in the world in the penetration of broadband, but had fallen to 15th by 2007. A variety of measures of performance and econometric models that control for economic and social factors show a dozen nations are ahead of the U.S. The laissez faire policy pursued by the Bush administration let a duopoly of cable and telephone companies dribble out broadband at slow speed and high prices. In contrast, the nations that passed the U.S. implemented much more aggressive policies to promote broadband and instead of relying on weak intermodal competition, they required the dominant networks to be open to competition in Internet services. This kept the price down and stimulated adoption and innovation.

Broadband in America

2010 ◽  
pp. 359-384
Author(s):  
Mark N. Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Social Factors ◽  
Bush Administration ◽  
Econometric Models ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Slow Speed ◽  
Telephone Companies ◽  
The World ◽  
Measures Of Performance ◽  
The U.S ◽  
Intermodal Competition

Under the Bush Administration, the U.S. failed to close the digital divide and fell behind on broadband. In 2001, 54 percent of households did not have the Internet. In late 2007, 49 percent of households did nothave broadband. About 25 percent of households with incomes below $25,000 per year had broadband in 2007; whereas over 80 percent of households with incomes above $75,000 did. In 2001, the U.S. ranked third in the world in the penetration of broadband, but had fallen to 15th by 2007. A variety of measures of performance and econometric models that control for economic and social factors show a dozen nations are ahead of the U.S. The laissez faire policy pursued by the Bush administration let a duopoly of cable and telephone companies dribble out broadband at slow speed and high prices. In contrast, the nations that passed the U.S. implemented much more aggressive policies to promote broadband and instead of relying on weak intermodal competition, they required the dominant networks to be open to competition in Internet services. This kept the price down and stimulated adoption and innovation.

A hitchhiker’s guide to microscopy and microanalysis using telecommunications, e-mail, and the Internet

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 390-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nestor J. Zaluzec
Keyword(s):  
The Internet ◽  
Information Superhighway ◽  
The World ◽  
Exchange Information ◽  
On Line ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
Software And Hardware ◽  
Communication Software ◽  
Basic Ideas ◽  
E Mail

The Information SuperHighway, Email, The Internet, FTP, BBS, Modems, : all buzz words which are becoming more and more routine in our daily life. Confusing terminology? Hopefully it won't be in a few minutes, all you need is to have a handle on a few basic concepts and terms and you will be on-line with the rest of the "telecommunication experts". These terms all refer to some type or aspect of tools associated with a range of computer-based communication software and hardware. They are in fact far less complex than the instruments we use on a day to day basis as microscopist's and microanalyst's. The key is for each of us to know what each is and how to make use of the wealth of information which they can make available to us for the asking. Basically all of these items relate to mechanisms and protocols by which we as scientists can easily exchange information rapidly and efficiently to colleagues in the office down the hall, or half-way around the world using computers and various communications media. The purpose of this tutorial/paper is to outline and demonstrate the basic ideas of some of the major information systems available to all of us today. For the sake of simplicity we will break this presentation down into two distinct (but as we shall see later connected) areas: telecommunications over conventional phone lines, and telecommunications by computer networks. Live tutorial/demonstrations of both procedures will be presented in the Computer Workshop/Software Exchange during the course of the meeting.

Sex Differences in Mass Media Preferences Across Four Asian Countries

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 186-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malini Ratnasingam ◽  
Lee Ellis
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Mass Media ◽  
The United States ◽  
Female Students ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Evolutionary Explanation ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
The World ◽  
Media Preferences

Background. Nearly all of the research on sex differences in mass media utilization has been based on samples from the United States and a few other Western countries. Aim. The present study examines sex differences in mass media utilization in four Asian countries (Japan, Malaysia, South Korea, and Singapore). Methods. College students self-reported the frequency with which they accessed the following five mass media outlets: television dramas, televised news and documentaries, music, newspapers and magazines, and the Internet. Results. Two significant sex differences were found when participants from the four countries were considered as a whole: Women watched television dramas more than did men; and in Japan, female students listened to music more than did their male counterparts. Limitations. A wider array of mass media outlets could have been explored. Conclusions. Findings were largely consistent with results from studies conducted elsewhere in the world, particularly regarding sex differences in television drama viewing. A neurohormonal evolutionary explanation is offered for the basic findings.

India Goes Digital..Smartphone is the New Shopping Destination

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 289
Author(s):  
Shankar Chaudhary
Keyword(s):  
Online Shopping ◽  
Mobile Apps ◽  
Smart Phone ◽  
Mobile Commerce ◽  
Mobile App ◽  
Smart Phones ◽  
The Internet ◽  
The World ◽  
Shopping Experience ◽  
User Friendly

Despite being in nascent stage m-commerce is gaining momentum in India. The explosive growth of smart-phone users has made India much loved business destination for whole world. Indian internet user is becoming the second largest in the world next to China surpassing US, which throws open plenty of e-commerce opportunities, not only for Indian players, offshore players as well. Mobile commerce is likely to overtake e-commerce in the next few years, spurred by the continued uptrend in online shopping and increasing use of mobile apps.The optimism comes from the fact that people accessing the Internet through their mobiles had jumped 33 per cent in 2014 to 173 million and is expected to grow 21 per cent year-on-year till 2019 to touch 457 million. e-Commerce brands are eyeing on the mobile app segment by developing user-friendly and secure mobile apps offering a risk-free and easy shopping experience to its users. Budget 4G smart phones coupled with affordable plans, can very well drive 4G growth in India.

Creative Strategy Used in Electronic Advertising

GIS Business ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 597-606
Author(s):  
Dr. Maha Mustafa Omer Abdalaziz
Keyword(s):  
The Internet ◽  
Business Organizations ◽  
Creative Strategy ◽  
Electronic Environment ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World ◽  
Technological Developments ◽  
Electronic Advertising

The study aims at the technological developments that are taking place in the world and have impacted on all sectors and fields and imposed on the business organizations and commercial companies to carry out their marketing and promotional activities within the electronic environment. The most prominent of these developments is the emergence of the concept of electronic advertising which opened a wide range of companies and businessmen to advertise And to promote their products and their work easily through the Internet, which has become full of electronic advertising, and in light of that will discuss the creative strategy used in electronic advertising;

PECULIARITIES AND CONDITIONS OF ACTIVITY OF BOOK PUBLISHING HOUSES OF UKRAINE IN THE MODERN MEDIA SPACE

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tetyana Jezhyzhanska
Keyword(s):  
Information Technologies ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Book Publishing ◽  
Cultural Development ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Modern Media ◽  
Media Space ◽  
The World ◽  
The Status ◽  
Book Publishers

In the information society the status of information is changing: this main value of global civilization becomes an important resource of socio- economic, technological and cultural development. The rapid development of virtual technologies and the growing number of Internet users in Ukraine and in the world causes the new challenges to communication of each organization. The book publishers are also obliged to respond to these processes. However, the works devoted directly to publishers’ communication in the modern media space are still lacking in Ukraine. The objective of the article is to clarify peculiarities and conditions of the activities of Ukrainian book publishers in today’s media space which is an important issue today. It is analyzed the literature and sources on this issue and it is ascertained the theoretical and practical possibilities to take into account the trends in the world of modern media in the PR-activity of book publishers. Also the prospects for further scientific study and practical use of PR-communications in the activity of publishers are determined. The analysis of current changes in the modern information space allows us to trace the general tendencies: the new subject and object areas are formed; the number of subjects is expanded; the new formats of interaction within the system of communications of the organization and in society as a whole are created. That means that publishing house’s PR-communications are complicated by the emergence of new elements, such as active audience, social networks as communication channels, promotions on the Internet and others. PR communication in the Internet space is the most effective and inexpensive tool for interaction of publishers with active audiences. Thus, the activation of PR communication in the modern media space is associated with the emergence of the latest information technologies, online media as well as development of Internet. The use of online channels of Internet for communication with the target audience of publishing organizations has certain advantages over traditional media. At the same time, it is necessary to take into account the information saturation of media space, which complicates the way of PR-messages of book publishers to the reader.

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