No effect of dietary calcium on body weight of lean and obese mice and rats

2004 ◽  
Vol 286 (4) ◽  
pp. R669-R677 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qinmin Zhang ◽  
Michael G. Tordoff
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Calcium Content ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Dietary Calcium ◽  
Simple Relation ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Sprague Dawley

Recent epidemiological and animal studies have led to the hypothesis that low dietary calcium intakes contribute to obesity. Here, we evaluated whether calcium influenced the body weight of normal-weight and obese rodents. All experiments involved female C57BL/6J mice or Sprague-Dawley rats fed normal- or high-energy-density diets (3.8 or 4.7 kcal/g). Calcium intake was manipulated by allowing mice to drink sweetened 30 mM CaCl2 solution or feeding mice and rats diets differing in calcium content (0.2%, 0.6%, or 1.8% Ca2+). Blood samples were taken from rats to confirm that the diets had their intended effects on metabolism. There were no effects of the calcium manipulations on energy intake, body weight, or carcass fat content and no simple relation between calciotropic hormones and body weight. One experiment found a significant decrease in body weight gain of lean and obese rats fed the 1.8% Ca2+ diet, but we suspect that this was due to forced consumption of the unpalatable diet, reducing growth. These studies provide little support for the hypothesis that dietary calcium contributes to the etiology or maintenance of obesity.

scholarly journals Stress facilitates body weight gain in genetically predisposed rats on medium-fat diet

2003 ◽  
Vol 285 (4) ◽  
pp. R791-R799 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chantal Michel ◽  
Barry E. Levin ◽  
Ambrose A. Dunn-Meynell
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Dentate Gyrus ◽  
Energy Homeostasis ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
High Energy ◽  
The Body ◽  
Central Nucleus ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Dorsomedial Nucleus

To assess the interaction between stress and energy homeostasis, we immobilized male Sprague-Dawley rats prone to diet-induced obesity (DIO) or diet resistance (DR) once for 20 min and then fed them either low-fat (4.5%) chow or a medium-fat (31%), high-energy (HE) diet for 9 days. Stressed, chow-fed DIO rats gained less, while stressed DIO rats on HE diet gained more body weight and had higher feed efficiency and plasma leptin levels than unstressed controls. Neither stress nor diet affected DR body weight gain. While stress-induced plasma corticosterone levels did not differ between phenotypes, DIO rats were initially more active in an open field and had higher hippocampal dentate gyrus and CA1 glucocorticoid receptor (GR) mRNA than DR rats, regardless of prior stress or diet. HE diet intake was associated with raised dentate gyrus and CA1 GR and amygdalar central nucleus (CeA) corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) mRNA expression, while stress was associated with reduced hypothalamic dorsomedial nucleus Ob-R mRNA and CeA CRH specifically in DIO rats fed HE diet. Thus a single stress triggers a complex interaction among weight gain phenotype, diet, and stress responsivity, which determines the body weight and adiposity of a given individual.

Behavioral and endocrine traits of obesity-prone and obesity-resistant rats on macronutrient diets

1998 ◽  
Vol 274 (6) ◽  
pp. E1057-E1066 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Wang ◽  
Jesline T. Alexander ◽  
Ping Zheng ◽  
Hi Joon Yu ◽  
Jordan Dourmashkin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Fat Intake ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats

Patterns of eating behavior, body weight gain, and hormone changes were examined in normal-weight albino Sprague-Dawley rats on macronutrient diets. These diets consisted of either three separate jars with pure macronutrients, fat, carbohydrate and protein, from which to choose, or a single diet with different concentrations of fat and carbohydrate. Similar patterns on the choice-diet and single-diet paradigms were observed. During the first 7–10 days on these diets but not subsequently, the rats consuming a fat-rich diet exhibit significant hyperphagia, an increase in both total and fat intake that produces higher body weight gain. Compared with a 10% fat diet, a 30% fat diet is associated with a decline in insulin and corticosterone (CORT) levels, whereas a 60% fat diet produces an increase in circulating glucose. Levels of glucose are positively correlated with fat intake, and together these measures are consistently related to body fat. These relationships are most strongly expressed in rats that consume a fat-rich diet with >30% fat. Whereas insulin levels are also positively related to body fat, CORT is inversely related in these normal-weight subjects. In animals consuming a high-fat diet, a clear separation can be seen between “obesity-prone” (OP) rats with 100% greater body fat than “obesity-resistant” (OR) rats. The OP rats, which consume 15% more total calories, have significantly higher insulin and glucose levels. In animals that consume a diet with >30% fat, it is the OP but not the OR rats that exhibit a positive relation between fat intake, glucose levels, and body fat and reveal an additional association between carbohydrate intake, insulin, and body fat. Thus these rats on macronutrient diets exhibit distinct traits that relate behavior to hormone disturbances and adiposity and distinguish subjects that are prone vs. resistant to obesity.

Abstract 198: Oral Administration of the Mas Agonist A-1317 Produces Beneficial Cardiometabolic Effects in Rats

Hypertension ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 62 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Suellen F Vilas Boas ◽  
Janaina F Braga ◽  
Analina R Silva ◽  
Mariana F Oliveira ◽  
Robson A S Santos
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Inclusion Compound ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
The Body ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Tissue Mass

The beneficial effects of the Mas/Ang-(1-7) pathway prompted us to develop novel Ang-(1-7) analogues and ligands for Mas. In the present study, we evaluated the cardiometabolic effects of a pharmacological formulation developed by including the Mas agonist A-1317 in hydroxypropyl β-cyclodextrin (HPβCD). The inclusion compound was given orally (10 μg/Kg body weight) to Spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) and fructose-fed rats. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) were monitored for 5 hours after administration of a single dose of A-1317-HPβCD in conscious SHR. Seven-weeks-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed with either normal rat chow (CTL) or the same diet plus 10% fructose in the drinking water (FFR). For the last 4 wk of a 9-wk period of each diet, a subgroup of each group of animals was treated daily with the oral A-1317 (CTL-A or FFR-A) or with vehicle (CTL-V or FFR-V). Rats were subjected to oral glucose tolerance test (2 g/Kg body weight) concomitantly with the evaluation of plasma insulin levels. A-1317 reduced MAP with the maximum change occurring after 4 hours of administration (Δ=-23±2mmHg). There was no significant effect of A-1317 on HR of SHR. Once a day administration of A-1317 ameliorated all metabolic conditions altered by fructose-feed, including the glucose tolerance with less release of insulin and the decreased in the basal insulinemia. However no change in glycemia was observed. Regarding the lipidic metabolism, there was a decrease in the hepatic and serum tryacilglicerol levels (CTL-V=51±3; CTL-A=44±4; FFR-V=74±6; FFR-A=45±5 mg/dl serum levels), the body weight gain and the epididymal and mesenteric adipose tissue mass. Moreover hepatic and serum cholesterol levels were surprisingly diminished in both treated groups. These data suggest that A-1317 inclusion compound is an innovative therapeutic tool for treatment the cardiovascular and metabolic diseases.

scholarly journals Orexigenic response to tail pinch: role of brain NPY1 and corticotropin releasing factor receptors

2014 ◽  
Vol 306 (3) ◽  
pp. R164-R174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miriam Goebel-Stengel ◽  
Andreas Stengel ◽  
Lixin Wang ◽  
Yvette Taché
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Receptor Antagonist ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
The Body ◽  
Corticotropin Releasing Factor ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Tail Pinch ◽  
Acute Response

Tail pinch stimulates food intake in rats. We investigated brain mechanisms of this response and the influence of repeated exposure. Sprague-Dawley rats received acute (5 min) or repeated (5 min/day for 14 days) tail pinch using a padded clip. Acute tail pinch increased 5-min food intake compared with control (0.92 ± 0.2 vs. 0.03 ± 0.01 g, P < 0.01). This response was inhibited by 76% by intracerebroventricular injection of BIBP-3226, a neuropeptide Y1 (NPY1) receptor antagonist, increased by 48% by astressin-B, a corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) receptor antagonist, and not modified by S-406-028, a somatostatin subtype 2 antagonist. After the 5-min tail pinch without food, blood glucose rose by 21% ( P < 0.01) while changes in plasma acyl ghrelin (+41%) and adrenocorticotropic hormone (+37%) were not significant. Two tail pinches (45 min apart) activate pontine and hindbrain catecholaminergic and hypothalamic paraventricular CRF neurons. After 14 days of repeated tail pinch, the 5-min orexigenic response was not significantly different from days 2 to 11 but reduced by 50% thereafter ( P < 0.001). Simultaneously, the 5-min fecal pellet output increased during the last 5 days compared with the first 5 days (+58%, P < 0.05). At day 14, the body weight gain was reduced by 22%, with a 99% inhibition of fat gain and a 25% reduction in lean mass ( P < 0.05). The orexigenic response to acute 5-min tail pinch is likely to involve the activation of brain NPY1 signaling, whereas that of CRF tends to dampen the acute response and may contribute to increased defecation and decreased body weight gain induced by repeated tail pinch.

scholarly journals Normal Distribution of Body Weight Gain in Male Sprague-Dawley Rats Fed a High-Energy Diet

2003 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1376-1383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoe A. Archer ◽  
D. Vernon Rayner ◽  
Jan Rozman ◽  
Martin Klingenspor ◽  
Julian G. Mercer
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Normal Distribution ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats

Diet-induced obesity in the Sprague–Dawley rat: dietary manipulations and their effect on hypothalamic neuropeptide energy balance systems

2005 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 1068-1072 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.G. Mercer ◽  
Z.A. Archer
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Dietary Manipulation ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Outbred Population ◽  
Diet Induced Obesity ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rat ◽  
Obesogenic Diet

The SD (Sprague–Dawley) rat model of DIO (diet-induced obesity) is reported to exhibit a clear segregation into susceptible and resistant subpopulations shortly after transfer to a HE (high energy) diet. This does not appear to be the case for rats sourced in the U.K., where body weight gain on obesogenic HE diet is normally distributed, as might be anticipated for a polygenic trait in an outbred population. Many of the energy balance effects of dietary manipulation in this model (e.g. supplementation of HE diet with the liquid diet, Ensure; energy intake and defence of body weight following withdrawal of obesogenic diet) appear to be characteristics of the diets being manipulated rather than subject traits. The activities of energy balance-related hypothalamic signals are affected by diet and the development of DIO, but may not be able to differentiate between different diets and the relative levels of obesity that develop.

L-Ascorbic Acid Addition to Chitosan Reduces Body Weight in Overweight Women

2014 ◽  
Vol 84 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 5-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eun Y. Jung ◽  
Sung C. Jun ◽  
Un J. Chang ◽  
Hyung J. Suh
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Fat Body ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Skinfold Thickness ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Percentage Body Fat ◽  
Overweight Women ◽  
Body Weights

Previously, we have found that the addition of L-ascorbic acid to chitosan enhanced the reduction in body weight gain in guinea pigs fed a high-fat diet. We hypothesized that the addition of L-ascorbic acid to chitosan would accelerate the reduction of body weight in humans, similar to the animal model. Overweight subjects administered chitosan with or without L-ascorbic acid for 8 weeks, were assigned to three groups: Control group (N = 26, placebo, vehicle only), Chito group (N = 27, 3 g/day chitosan), and Chito-vita group (N = 27, 3 g/day chitosan plus 2 g/day L-ascorbic acid). The body weights and body mass index (BMI) of the Chito and Chito-vita groups decreased significantly (p < 0.05) compared to the Control group. The BMI of the Chito-vita group decreased significantly compared to the Chito group (Chito: -1.0 kg/m2 vs. Chito-vita: -1.6 kg/m2, p < 0.05). The results showed that the chitosan enhanced reduction of body weight and BMI was accentuated by the addition of L-ascorbic acid. The fat mass, percentage body fat, body circumference, and skinfold thickness in the Chito and Chito-vita groups decreased more than the Control group; however, these parameters were not significantly different between the three groups. Chitosan combined with L-ascorbic acid may be useful for controlling body weight.

PENGEMBANGAN TANAMAN RAMI (Boehmeria nivea L. Gaud) DAN PEMANFAATAN LIMBAH DAUN RAMI UNTUK PENGGEMUKKAN DOMBA WONOSOBO

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-210
Author(s):  
Muryanto Muryanto ◽  
Pita Sudrajad ◽  
Amrih Prasetyo
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Plant Development ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Survey Methods ◽  
The Body ◽  
Boehmeria Nivea ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Potential Capacity ◽  
The Given

The aim of the study was to determine the development of ramie plants (Boehmeria nivea L. Gaud) and the effect of using ramie leaves on feed on the body weight gain of Wonosobo Sheep (Dombos). Research on the development of ramie plants using survey methods in the area of ramie plant development in Wonosobo Regency. While the research on the use of ramie leaves for fattening was carried out in Butuh Village, Kalikajar District, Wonosobo Regency in 2018. 21 male Dombos were divided into 3 feed treatments with forage proportions of 70%, 50% and 30 ramie leaves respectively. %. The results showed that currently ramie plants were being developed in Wonosobo Regency by CV. Ramindo Berkah Persada Sejahtera in Gandok Village, Kalikajar District, Wonosobo Regency, Central Java. Until now the area of the crop has reached 13 ha. Of this area will produce ramie leaves 195,000 kg / year. If one sheep needs 4 kg of ramie / tail / day leaves, then the potential capacity of sheep is 135 heads / year, if the given one is 50% then the Jurnal Litbang Provinsi Jawa Tengah, Volume 16 202 Nomor 2 – Desember 2018potential capacity is 270 heads / year and if it is reduced again to 25% of ramie leaves then the potential capacity 440 heads / year. The use of ramie leaves as a feed for Wonosobo Sheep fattening can be given as much as 30% in fresh form.

Digestibility of Nutrients as Influenced by Supplementation of Exogenous Fibrolytic Enzymes in Dry Non-pregnant Cows

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (04) ◽  
Author(s):  
P. M, Lunagariya ◽  
R. S. Gupta ◽  
S. V. Shah ◽  
Y. G. Patel
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
The Body ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
Fibrolytic Enzymes ◽  
Nitrogen Free Extract

The study was planned to evaluate the effect of exogenous fibrolytic enzymes (EFE) supplementation for 56 days @ 240 mg/kg total mixed ration (TMR) on digestibility of dry matter and nutrients in dairy cows. Six dry non-pregnant cows were assigned in each treatment with and without EFE. The digestibility trial of seven days was conducted after 49 days of feeding. Dry matter and nutrients intake of cows was not influenced by EFE. The supplementation of EFE had improved digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, crude fiber, neutral detergent fiber, cellulose (p less than 0.01), as well as digestibility of nitrogen-free extract and acid detergent fiber, was also higher (pless than 0.05). The body weight gain of cows was higher on the supplementation of EFE in TMR. The study concluded that feeding exogenous fibrolytic enzymes (240 mg/kg) supplemented TMR improved digestibility of dry matter and nutrients, which was reflected as higher body weight gain in dry non-pregnant Gir and crossbred dairy cows.

scholarly journals Body Mass, Physical Activity and Eating Habits Changes during the First COVID-19 Pandemic Lockdown in Poland

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 5682
Author(s):  
Hubert Dobrowolski ◽  
Dariusz Włodarek
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
The Impact

The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic caused a number of changes in social life around the world. In response to the growing number of infections, some countries have introduced restrictions that may have resulted in the change of the lifestyle. The aim of our study was to investigate the impact of the lockdown on body weight, physical activity and some eating habits of the society. The survey involving 183 people was conducted using a proprietary questionnaire. The mean age of the study participants was 33 ± 11 and mean height 169 ± 8 cm. An average increase in body weight was observed in 49.18% by 0.63 ± 3.7 kg which was the result of a decrease in physical activity and an increase in food consumption. We also observed a decrease in PAL from 1.64 ± 0.15 to 1.58 ± 0.13 and changes in the amount of food and individual groups of products consumption, including alcohol. Among the study participants who did not lose body mass, there was an average weight gain of 2.25 ± 2.5 kg. In conclusion, an increase of weight was shown in about half of the respondents in the study group which was associated with a decrease in physical activity and an increase in the consumption of total food and high energy density products.

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