Hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus lesions do not prevent anorectic effect of exercise in male rats

1990 ◽  
Vol 259 (3) ◽  
pp. R579-R584 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Rivest ◽  
D. Richard
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Paraventricular Nucleus ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Energy Gain ◽  
Hypothalamic Paraventricular Nucleus ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Hypothalamic Nucleus ◽  
Serum Corticosterone ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

The effects of a hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) lesion on energy balance were investigated in exercise-trained rats. Male Wistar rats weighing initially 250 g were divided into four groups. Two groups of rats underwent a bilateral PVN lesion, whereas the two remaining groups were sham operated. The PVN lesions were done electrolytically. One group from each surgical treatment was exercised, while the other group was kept in sedentary conditions. Rats were exercised on a rodent motor-driven treadmill at moderate intensity, 1 h/day for 21 consecutive days. Food intake and body weight were measured each day during the study. At the end of the treatment period, rats were killed, and carcasses were analyzed for their energy content. Serum corticosterone was measured by a competitive protein-binding assay. Energy gain and energy intake were lower in exercised rats than in sedentary controls, regardless of whether they were sham or PVN lesioned. Concurrently, there was no difference in the energy gain between PVN-lesioned and sham-operated rats, despite the fact that PVN-lesioned rats ended the experiment with a larger body weight than the sham-lesioned animals. Serum corticosterone levels were lower in PVN-lesioned rats than in sham-lesioned rats. In conclusion, the present results indicate that the PVN, the hypothalamic nucleus predominantly controlling the pituitary-adrenal axis activity, is not a prominent structure in the regulation of energy balance in exercised male Wistar rats.

scholarly journals The Effectiveness of Binahong (Anredera cordifolia (Ten.) Steenis) Extract in Promoting Fertility in Male Wistar Rats after Exposure to Cigarette Smoke

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (A) ◽  
pp. 123-128
Author(s):  
Achmad Ramadhan
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Cigarette Smoke ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Smoke Exposure ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Male Rat ◽  
Cigarette Smoke Exposure ◽  
Testicular Weight ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

BACKGROUND: Cigarette smoke has a variety of dangerous chemicals and free radicals that can potentially cause infertility. One of the plants that are reported to have medicinal properties and have active compounds as antioxidants is Binahong (Anredera cordifolia (Ten.) Steenis). AIM: This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of A. cordifolia leaf extract (ACLE) in increasing the fertility of male Wistar rats after exposure to cigarette smoke. METHODS: Twenty-four adult male rats were divided into six groups (age 8–10 weeks, weight 200–250 g): Group 1 (normal control) received aquades (1 ml/day) without being given cigarette smoke, Group 2 received exposure to smoke without being given ACLE, Group 3 received cigarette smoke exposure + 25 mg/kg ACLE, Group 4 received cigarette smoke exposure + 50 mg/kg ACLE, Group 5 received cigarette smoke exposure + 75 mg/kg ACLE, and Group 6 received exposure to cigarette smoke + 100 mg/kg of ACLE. To produce smoke from cigarettes and expose rats to the smoke, a Smoke chamber is used. Rats in the treatment group were exposed to cigarette smoke for 2 weeks (40–60 s daily for 6 days each week). The evaluation of male rat fertility was carried out by measuring body weight, genital weight (testis and epididymis), and spermatozoa spermogram (velocity, motility, morphology, and total number). RESULTS: The least significance different test results showed no significant difference in the rate of weight gain between treatments, standard control, and negative control groups. The average testicular weight of rats exposed to cigarette smoke for 14 days was significantly different from normal controls and doses of 50, 75, and 100 mg/kg body weight. However, at a dose of 25 mg/kg of body weight had not shown a significant increase compared to control. The average spermatozoa velocity reached 12.43 mm2/s and 13.36 mm2/s. The spermatozoa velocity increased significantly at a dose of 100 mg/kg body weight. CONCLUSIONS: ACLE at a dose of 100 mg/kg body weight was effective in increasing the fertility of male Wistar rats exposed to cigarette smoke.

scholarly journals Some Effects of Crude Aqueous Extracts of Hibiscus sabdariffa Leaves on the Testes and Sperm Parameters of Adult Male Wistar Rats (Rattus norelegicus)

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
A. Ashamu Ebenezer ◽  
A. Oyeniran David ◽  
T. Awora Koyinsola ◽  
O. T. Olayemi ◽  
O. Oyewo Olutoyi
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
The Body ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Testis Weight ◽  
Hibiscus Sabdariffa ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Group D

Hibiscus sabdariffa is a common garden plant native to warm-temperate, subtropical and tropical regions throughout the world, used in traditional medicine. It is mostly cultivated for its flowers. The calyces are used as a refrigerant in form of tea (especially in making the sorrel drink popularly known as ‘zobo’ in Nigeria), jellies and jam. Aim: This study evaluates the effects of aqueous leaves extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa on the body, testis weight, histology of the testes and sperm parameter of adult male Wistar rats. Methodology: Twenty-five adult male wistar rats of 10-12 weeks and weighing about 120-140g were divided into four groups (A, B, C and D) (five rats / group), Group A was kept as control and B, C, D were administered 250 mg, 500 mg, 1000 mg  of Hibiscus sabdarfia leaf extract per Kg body weight for 8 weeks. The rats in each group were fed with rat feed and water ad libitum. Administration was by means of an oral cannula. At the end of each experimental period, the rats were sacrificed by cervical dislocation, the testes were harvested and immediately fixed in Bouin’s fluid for histological procedure. However, as soon as the animals were sacrificed, the cauda epididymis was removed and semen analysis was carried out immediately. Results: There was a significant decrease in body weight of all the test groups at (P <0.05) and a significant decrease in the testes of the rats in group D when compared with the control group. Statistical analysis revealed decrease in sperm count, motility and viability with a significance decrease (P <0.05) in group D only as compared to control group. The histoarchitecture revealed significant degenerative changes characterized by vacuolization in the intestitium and seminiferous epithelium when compared with the control group. Conclusion: The aqueous leaves extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa appears to have adverse effects on the fertility of male rats especially when taken over a long period of time.

Effect of different types of stressors on peptide messenger ribonucleic acids in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus

1993 ◽  
Vol 128 (6) ◽  
pp. 485-492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Ceccatelli ◽  
Catello Orazzo
Keyword(s):  
Paraventricular Nucleus ◽  
Immobilization Stress ◽  
Thyrotropin Releasing Hormone ◽  
Hypothalamic Paraventricular Nucleus ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Corticotropin Releasing Hormone ◽  
Ribonucleic Acids ◽  
Releasing Hormone ◽  
Different Types

Using in situ hybridization we have studied the effects of different types of stressors, such as ether, immobilization, cold and swimming, on the expression of several peptide messenger ribonucleic acids (mRNAs) in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus of adult male rats. Paraventricular nucleus sections were hybridized using synthetic oligonucleotide probes complementary to mRNA for corticotropin-releasing hormone, neurotensin, enkephalin and thyrotropin-releasing hormone. A clear upregulation of neurotensin mRNA was seen after ether and, to a lesser extent, after immobilization stress, whereas after the two other stressors neurotensin mRNA was undetectable, as in control rats. An increase in enkephalin mRNA was observed in a selective region of the dorsal part of the medioparvocellular subdivision of the paraventricular nucleus only after ether and immobilization stress. No significant changes were seen in corticotropin-releasing hormone and thyrotropin-releasing hormone mRNA levels in any of the experimental paradigms. The present results show selective changes for various peptide mRNAs in the paraventricular nucleus after various types of stress. Significant effects could be demonstrated only on neurotensin and enkephalin mRNA after ether and immobilization stress. This suggests that adaptive changes in the rate of synthesis, processing and transport of the peptide may develop over a longer period of time.

scholarly journals Effects of proportional high-protein/low-carbohydrate formulated diet consumption in diabetic rats: Beneficial impact on glycemic and weight control

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (07) ◽  
pp. 16984-16996
Author(s):  
MMC Anyakudo ◽  
◽  
DO Adeniji ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Formulated Diet ◽  
Low Carbohydrate ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
And Control

The metabolic response to nutrient ingestion and the rate of digestion and absorption of nutrient molecules in bowel physiology plays an important role in the metabolic control of some human chronic non-infectious diseases. This experimentally-controlled designed nutritional study which lasted eight weeks aimed to determine the effects of proportional high-protein/low-carbohydrate (HP/LC) formulated diet on glycemic tolerance, glycemic control, body weight, organ weight and organ morphometry in healthy and diabetic adult male Wistar rats. Twenty-four male Wistar rats purchased from a disease-free stock were randomly categorized into four groups (n = 6, each) after two weeks acclimatization period in raised stainless steel cages with 6 mm2mesh floor and replaceable numbered blotters papers placed under each cage in a well-ventilated animal house. Animal groups include: Healthy control group (HC), Healthy treated group (HT), Diabetic control group (DC) and Diabetic treated group (DT. The animals were fed according to the experimental design with water ad libitumfor eight weeks. Diabetes was inducted with freshly prepared alloxan monohydrate solution (150 mg/kg bw, intraperitoneally). Body weights and fasting blood sugar concentrations were measured twice weekly, while oral glucose tolerance test was conducted on the last day of the eighth-week study and subsequently followed by organs extraction after anesthesia for weight and gross assessment. Proportional high-protein/low-carbohydrate formulated diet caused significant reduction in mean body weight of treated diabetic (DT: 22.6%; P= .001) and healthy (HT: 5.8%; P= .007) rats while the control animals on control diet recorded significant (P< .05) increase in body weight gain (DC: 12.4%; HC: 11.2%). Glycemic tolerance and control improved significantly in diabetic treated rats over that of the healthy treated rats. Gross morphometry of the extracted organs (kidneys, liver, heart, lungs, spleen and testes) revealed sustained normal morphological features without any visible lesion. In conclusion, consumption of proportional high-protein/low-carbohydrate formulated diet enhanced body weight reduction and sustained normal organ morphological features with good glycemic tolerance and control in experimental rats, suggesting its dietary potentiality, safety and suitability to ameliorate obesity-related diabetes.

scholarly journals Upregulation of Kiss-1 and Gpr54 Genes Expression in Pituitary of Male Rats Following the Central Administration of Neuropeptide Y

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 137-142
Author(s):  
Vahid Azizi ◽  
Shahrbanoo Oryan ◽  
Homayuon Khazali ◽  
Abdolkarim Hosseini
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Neuropeptide Y ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Third Ventricle ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Central Administration ◽  
Reproductive Axis ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

Introduction: The neuropeptide Y (NPY) in the neural circuits of the hypothalamus has a stimulating effect on reproductive activities in mammals. Kisspeptin (KiSS1) is a quintessential neurotransmitter in the reproductive axis which directly stimulates gonadotropin-releasing hormone neurons in the hypothalamus. The distribution of KiSS1 expressing cells in the pituitary was described previously. Despite earlier reports showing the KiSS1 receptor, G-protein coupled receptor 54 (GPR54) expression in the pituitary, the potential physiological roles of kisspeptin at this gland have remained obscure. Accordingly, this study investigated the role of NPY on the relative expression of Kiss1 and Gpr54 genes in the pituitary gland in male Wistar rats. Methods: In general, 20 male Wistar rats weighing 200-250 g in 4 groups (5 in each group) received saline, NPY (2.3 nM), BIBP3226 (NPY receptor antagonist, 7.8 nM), and NPY+ BIBP3226. Then, they received the simultaneous injection of these molecules through the third ventricle of the brain. Finally, the relative mean expressions of Kiss1 and Gpr54 genes in the anterior pituitary were quantitatively analyzed by the real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results: The central injection of NPY increased the relative mean expressions of Kiss1 and Gpr54 genes in the pituitary gland compared to the control group although the injection of BIBP3226 eradicated these effects. However, the gene expression of Gpr54 in the rats receiving NPY coupled with BIBP3226 in hypophysis in comparison to the group receiving only NPY demonstrated a significant reduction (P<0.05). Conclusion: Overall, the central injection of NPY stimulated the gene expression of Kiss1 and Gpr54 in the pituitary gland.

Aging in male Wistar rats associates with changes in intestinal microbiota, gut structure and cholecystokinin-mediated gut-brain axis function

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen Rubio ◽  
Esther Lizárraga ◽  
David Álvarez-Cilleros ◽  
Paula Pérez-Pardo ◽  
Patricia Sanmartín-Salinas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Main Concept ◽  
16S Rrna Analysis ◽  
Zonula Occludens ◽  
Marker Proteins ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Neutral Mucin

Abstract Aging in mammals is characterized by failure of the homeostatic mechanisms that regulate energy balance. Several mechanisms have been proposed such as the presence of a low-grade chronic inflammation in different tissues, as well as leptin and insulin resistance, but the primary alteration is not fully elucidated. The gut microbiota has recently emerged as a key player in a variety of metabolic and neurological disorders. A main concept in this context is the gut-brain axis that refers to alterations in the gut that mediate effects in the central nervous system, including those related with the control of energy balance. Using 16S rRNA analysis, we demonstrate that aged male Wistar rats have increased presence of mucin-degrading and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-producing bacteria. In addition, old animals exhibit a lower number of neutral mucin secreting goblet cells, and a decrease of tight junctions and adeherens junctions marker proteins, zonula occludens protein-1(ZO-1) and β-catenin, respectively. These data are compatible with a thinner mucus layer and a weaker gut barrier in older animals that likely facilitate LPS leakage. Our data also show that cholecystokinin (CCK) satiating effect is impaired in aged rats, one of the expected effects of increased LPS leakage. In contrast, no overt signs of gut or systemic inflammation are observed. Changes in microbiota in old male Wistar rats present features of situations of increased adiposity, but different from those of obese animals. They could partly explain the increased adiposity and fat deposition in liver and heart observed here.

Effect of exercise training on energy balance of orchidectomized rats

1989 ◽  
Vol 257 (3) ◽  
pp. R550-R555 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Rivest ◽  
J. Landry ◽  
D. Richard
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Cytochrome C ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Cytochrome C Oxidase ◽  
Oxidase Activity ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Energy Gain

The purpose of the present study was to investigate both the respective and interactive roles of exercise training and testosterone on energy balance. Male rats were divided into sedentary and exercise-trained groups. Each group formed was further divided into a sham-operated group, an orchidectomized group, or an orchidectomized group treated with testosterone. Rats were exercised on a motor-driven treadmill for 1 h/day over 28 consecutive days, after which rats were killed. Energy balance measurements, body composition analyses, and serum testosterone assay were then performed. The weight, protein content, and cytochrome-c oxidase activity of interscapular brown adipose tissue (IBAT) were also measured. Results indicate that total food intake, final body weight, and body weight gain were generally lower in exercise-trained rats than in sedentary animals. In orchidectomized rats treated with testosterone, gains of both fat and protein were lower in exercise-trained than in sedentary animals. There was no difference in metabolizable energy intake and body energy gain between trained and sedentary rats that underwent orchidectomy without replacement therapy. In orchidectomized groups of rats, energy gain was lower in trained rats that were treated with testosterone than in those that did not receive any treatment. Furthermore, in trained orchidectomized rats treated with testosterone, both energetic efficiency and energy density of body weight gain were lower than those of trained orchidectomized rats that were not treated. Finally, a significant reduction in IBAT weight was observed in exercise-trained animals, whereas neither exercise nor the various hormonal manipulations affected IBAT protein content and cytochrome-c oxidase activity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Model of spontaneous obesity in aging male Wistar rats

1990 ◽  
Vol 259 (6) ◽  
pp. R1117-R1125 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. D. Newby ◽  
M. DiGirolamo ◽  
G. A. Cotsonis ◽  
M. H. Kutner
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Lipid Content ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Lipid A ◽  
Curvilinear Relationship ◽  
Body Lipid ◽  
Fat Depots ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Relationship Of

We analyzed retrospectively data from 148 chow-fed male Wistar rats killed between the age of 6 wk and 2 yr while varying in body weight from 136 to 917 g. The purpose of this study was to clarify the relationship of body weight and body lipid content with the composition and cellularity of the epididymal and retroperitoneal fat depots. A positive linear association was found between body weight and body water or fat-free dry residue, whereas total body lipid exhibited a curvilinear relationship with body weight. The weight of the epididymal pads was linearly related to body weight but not to body lipid. In contrast, retroperitoneal pad weight was exponentially related to body weight and paralleled total body lipid. A strong linear correlation was found between total body lipid and weight (r = 0.959) or depot lipid content (r = 0.967) of the retroperitoneal fat pads. In this rat model of aging and spontaneous obesity, significant regional differences exist in adipose depot composition and cellularity. A practical outcome of this study is a simple and accurate prediction of body lipid content from the gravimetric determination of the retroperitoneal fat depots.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document