Heterozygosity forLepob orLeprdb affects body composition and leptin homeostasis in adult mice

1998 ◽  
Vol 274 (4) ◽  
pp. R985-R990 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendy K. Chung ◽  
Kristen Belfi ◽  
Melvin Chua ◽  
Jennifer Wiley ◽  
Ronald Mackintosh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Leptin Receptor ◽  
Gene Dosage ◽  
Receptor Gene ◽  
Receptor System ◽  
Percentage Body Fat ◽  
Adult Mice ◽  
Plasma Leptin

In an effort to understand the genetics of human obesity, we have studied the physiology and molecular genetics of rodent models with monogenetic forms of obesity including the leptin gene-defective ( Lepob / Lepob ) and leptin receptor gene-defective ( Leprdb / Leprdb ) mouse. In the experiments reported here, we investigated the effects of heterozygosity at Lepob and Leprdb on body composition and circulating leptin concentration in +/+, Leprdb /+, and Lepob /+ adult mice to identify possible gene dosage effects of these mutations that might elucidate their physiology. Adult mice heterozygous for the Lepob or Leprdb allele had equivalent fat mass and percentage body fat, which was increased 27–47% and 23–35%, respectively, relative to +/+ littermates. Plasma leptin concentrations adjusted for fat mass were 6.5 ng/ml in the Lepob /+, 9.6 ng/ml in the +/+, and 11.5 ng/ml in the Leprdb /+ mice. Sex had no effect on plasma leptin after controlling for fat mass. These data, and data from a small number of mice heterozygous at both Lepob and Leprdb (compound heterozygotes), suggest that leptin protein produced per mass of body fat is reduced in Lepob /+ mice and that body fat is increased in Lepob /+ mice until plasma leptin concentrations reach that of a normal +/+ mouse. The elevated plasma leptin concentration in the Leprdb /+ mice suggests that LEPR may mediate autocrine suppression of Lep expression. These results raise the possibility that human mutations that have even subtle effects on the leptin/leptin receptor system in either the homozygous or heterozygous state may have significant effects on adiposity.

Leptin and Obesity in Mother-Child Pairs

2001 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 55-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanne S. Harrell ◽  
Perri Bomar ◽  
Robert McMurray ◽  
Chyrise Bradley ◽  
Shibing Deng
Keyword(s):  
Racial Differences ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Leptin Receptor ◽  
Shared Environment ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Pubertal Status ◽  
Percentage Body Fat ◽  
Plasma Leptin ◽  
Gender Specific ◽  
Univariate Analyses

Defects in the leptin gene or the leptin receptor may be a genetic cause of obesity, but little is known about the familial associations of leptin and obesity. This study compared plasma leptin and measures of obesity in a sample of 248 subjects (124 mother-offspring pairs); 34% were African American and 66% were white. Youth were aged 12 to 16 years. Plasma leptin and body mass index (BMI) were higher in mothers than in their offspring and, among the offspring, higher in girls than boys, even after correcting for BMI or body fat. Racial differences in leptin were present in both mothers and youth when adjusting for percentage body fat but disappeared when adjusting for BMI. In univariate analyses of the associations between mothers and offspring, BMI was associated with leptin in all groups but was most strongly associated in white pairs and in mother-son pairs. In multiple regression analyses, when adjusting for BMI, significant predictors of leptin level for the boys and girls together were gender, BMI, and pubertal status of the offspring; in girls only BMI was significant (R2= 0.72), and in boys the significant predictors were their BMI (R2= 0.66) followed by their pubertal status (R2= 0.06) and the leptin level of their mothers (R2= 0.02). When adjusting for body fat, the predictors were the offspring’s percentage body fat (R2= 0.67) and mother’s leptin (R2= 0.03), with similar results in gender-specific analyses. The authors conclude that leptin levels of youth are most closely associated with their degree of obesity or body fat; mother’s leptin and, for boys only, pubertal status also play a small role. Although the small association between maternal leptin on leptin in their offspring could be due to either heredity or shared environment, the results of this study suggest that individual obesity and environmental factors are important predictors of leptin levels in children.

scholarly journals A multicenter, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial to evaluate the effect of consuming Growing Up Milk “Lite” on body composition in children aged 12–23 mo

2019 ◽  
Vol 109 (3) ◽  
pp. 576-585 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clare R Wall ◽  
Rebecca J Hill ◽  
Amy L Lovell ◽  
Misa Matsuyama ◽  
Tania Milne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Growing Up ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Percentage Body Fat

ABSTRACT Background Growing Up Milk (GUM) was developed to assist young children in meeting their nutritional requirements during the second year of life. However, there is limited evidence that GUM improves nutritional status and growth in young children. Objectives To evaluate the effect of consuming Growing Up Milk “Lite” (GUMLi) (reduced protein with synbiotics and micronutrients added) compared with standard cow milk as part of a whole diet for 1 y on body composition at 2 y of age. Methods GUMLi Trial was a multicenter, double-blind, randomized placebo-controlled trial conducted in Auckland and Brisbane. Healthy 1-y-olds were recruited and randomly assigned to receive either GUMLi or standard cow milk for 12 mo as part of a whole diet. The primary outcome was percentage body fat at 2 y of age measured by bioelectrical impedance. All regression models adjusted for baseline outcome and study center. Results 160 children (80 per arm) were randomly assigned, and 134 (67 per arm) were included in the modified intention-to-treat analyses. The mean percentage body fat at 12 mo was 23.3% (SD 7.9) in the GUMLi group and 25.7% (SD 7.2) in the cow milk group. After adjusting for baseline outcome and study location, the estimated mean difference in percentage body fat between the intervention and control at 12 mo was −2.19% (95% CI: −4.24, −0.15; P = 0.036). Per-protocol analysis showed a similar effect (mean difference: −2.09%; 95% CI: −4.16, −0.03; P = 0.047). Both fat mass and the fat mass index were significantly lower in the GUMLi group at 12 mo than in the cow milk group. Conclusions At 2 y of age, children who consumed a GUM with a lower protein content than cow milk over 12 mo had a lower percentage of body fat. This trial was registered at the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry as ACTRN12614000918628.

scholarly journals Peculiarities of Physical Fitness and Body Composition of 5—7 Year-Old Children of Several Kaunas Preschools and Interaction between those Indexes

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (73) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandrija Čapkauskienė ◽  
Kristina Visagurskienė ◽  
Rima Bakienė ◽  
Irena Vitkienė ◽  
Daiva Vizbaraitė
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Body Fat Mass ◽  
Percentage Body Fat ◽  
General Physical

Childhood obesity is a key public health issue around the globe in developed and developing countries (Dugan, 2008). The recent worldwide increase in the prevalence of childhood obesity may be due in part to a decrease in children’s physical activity levels (Ball et al., 2001). It is necessary to develop early interventions to improve physical fitness in children and to prevent the increase of childhood obesity (Brunet et al., 2006). So, the aim of this study was to evaluate the body composition and physical fitness of children aged 5—7 years and to estimate the interaction between body composition components and physical fitness tests. Participants: 216 children participated in this study: 104 girls, mean age 5.90 ± 0.63 years and 112 boys — mean age 5.98 ± 0.50 years from Kaunas city (Lithuania) preschools. Methods: all the subjects have been measured for their height, body mass, waist circumference (WC) and skinfolds at 2 different places — triceps and subscapular. Body mass index (BMI) and percentage body fat mass (BFM) were evaluated. All the participants did four physical fitness tests including speed shuttle run, 20 meters distance run, standing long jump and throwing 1 kg ball. General physical fitness level was evaluated based on B. Sekita (1988) methods. Results. Results showed that BMI did not significantly differ between boys and girls, and was evaluated as “optimal” for both groups. BFM was significantly higher in girls (p < 0.001), and WC did not differ between genders. But WC had a tendency to increase with age in both boys and girls. Strong relationship was observed between BMI and BFM (r = 0.660, r = 0.660 respectively; p < 0.01), and between BMI and WC (r = 0.703, r = 0.826 respectively; p < 0.01) for both boys and girls. The results of physical tests showed that boys did all the tests better than girls (p < 0.01). When we evaluated the general physical fitness of each child, the results indicated that their physical fitness waslow, evaluated as “good enough” for most boys and girls. General physical fitness of children negatively but slightly correlated with BFM (r = –0.201; p < 0.001), it indicated that higher BFM determined lower evaluation of general physical fitness.Conclusions. Optimal body weight, according to body mass index, percentage body fat mass and waist circumference, was established for the bigger part of children, aged 5—7 years old. This study shows that physical fitness of children was low — evaluated as “good enough” and negatively correlated with body fat mass, showing that high body fat mass negatively impacted physical fitness.Key words: body mass index, percentage body fat mass, waist circumference, physical fitness.

Serum Leptin Correlates with Fat Mass but not Dietary Energy Intake in Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis Patients

1998 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 569-575 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin G. Parry ◽  
David W. Johnson ◽  
David G. Carey ◽  
Mark Hibbins ◽  
Wendy Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Dialysis Patients ◽  
Dialysis Adequacy ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Serum Leptin ◽  
Percentage Body Fat ◽  
Plasma Leptin

Objectives In view of previous studies demonstrating hyperleptinemia in uremic and hemodialysis patients, the aims of the present study were to determine whether serum leptin levels are elevated in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients, to establish whether leptin is significantly removed by PD, and to elucidate the relationship of plasma leptin to body composition, dietary intake, nutritional indices, and dialysis adequacy. Design Cross-sectional analysis of PD patients and matched healthy controls. Setting Tertiary-care institutional dialysis center. Participants The study included 49 PD patients [35 women and 14 men; median age 63 years, interquartile range (IQR) 49.5 -68.5 yr; body mass index (BMI) 25.5: I: 0.8] and 27 controls (11 men and 16 women; median age 42 years, IQR 34.8 51; BMI 27.2: I: 0.9). For evaluation of leptin clearance, 8 patients receiving nocturnal intermittent PD were also evaluated. Main Outcome Measures The primary outcome measure was plasma leptin concentration. Dialysate leptin concentration was also measured in 7 patients. Results Serum leptin levels were significantly higher (p < 0.01) in patients (males: median 11 nglmL, IQR 9 19 ng/mL; females: 53 ng/mL, 19.5 -128 ng/mL) compared with controls (males: 5.5 nglmL, 4 9.5 nglmL; females: 12 ng/mL, 9.8 17.3 ng/mL). Leptin levels in both groups correlated positively with BMI (r = 0.64 and 0.60, respectively; p < 0.0001) and with percentage body fat determined by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (r = 0.86 and 0.82, respectively; p < 0.01). Dialysis patients exhibited a greater increase in serum leptin for any given increase in BMI. No significant correlation was observed between leptin concentration and residual renal function, dialysis adequacy (Kt/V), dietary protein or caloric intake, or serum levels of albumin, prealbumin, C-reactive protein, glucose, and insulin-like growth factor-1. Although leptin was detectable in peritoneal dialysate after a 6-hour dwell (median 4.2 ng/ mL, IQR 1.1 -8.5 ng/mL, n = 8), serum leptin levels were not appreciably lowered following intermittent PD via an automated cycler (63.9: I: 19.3 ng/mL vs 57.6: I: 20.5 ng/mL, p = NS, n = 8). Conclusions Serum leptin levels are elevated in PD patients and are not appreciably cleared by PD. Although hyperleptinemia correlates poorly with dialysis adequacy and protein intake, a strong and significant relationship was maintained between serum leptin and fat mass. Serum leptin could therefore serve as a useful clinical marker of body fat content in PD patients.

Leptin responsiveness and gene dosage for leptin receptor mutation (fa) in newborn rats

1999 ◽  
Vol 276 (5) ◽  
pp. E836-E842 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanne Kraeft ◽  
Knut Schwarzer ◽  
Sandra Eiden ◽  
Barbara Nuesslein-Hildesheim ◽  
Gerald Preibisch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Fat ◽  
Leptin Receptor ◽  
Gene Dosage ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
The Body ◽  
Newborn Rats ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Rat Pups ◽  
Body Fat Content ◽  
Plasma Leptin

To determine the degree to which the leptin receptor mutation ( fa) influences the responsiveness to leptin during the first postnatal week, we injected recombinant leptin (600 pmol ⋅ g−1 ⋅ day−1sc from day 1 to day 7) into wild-type (+/+), heterozygous (+/ fa), and fatty ( fa/fa) rat pups. Growth and final body fat content of these leptin-treated pups were compared with those of saline-treated littermates of the same genotype. The body mass of the leptin-treated +/+ pups, but not that of the +/ fa and fa/fa pups, increased more slowly than that of their respective controls, and fat content at day 7was reduced by 37% in +/+ pups, by 22% in +/ fa pups, but not at all in fa/fa pups. Plasma leptin remained excessively high throughout the day under this treatment, but a 30-fold lower leptin dose, causing only moderate changes of plasma leptin, still reduced the body fat of +/+ pups significantly. We conclude that leptin participates in the control of even the earliest stages of fat deposition and that the response to supraphysiological doses of leptin is markedly reduced in 1-wk-old pups with one fa allele and absent in pups with two fa alleles.

scholarly journals Anthropometrics and Body Composition Predict Physical Performance and Selection to Attend Special Forces Training in United States Army Soldiers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily K Farina ◽  
Lauren A Thompson ◽  
Joseph J Knapik ◽  
Stefan M Pasiakos ◽  
James P McClung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Lean Mass ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Lower Percentage ◽  
Special Forces ◽  
Percentage Body Fat

ABSTRACT Introduction Anthropometrics and body composition characteristics differentiate many types of athletes and are related to performance on fitness tests and tasks in military personnel. Soldiers competing to enter elite units must demonstrate physical fitness and operational competence across multiple events. Therefore, this study determined whether anthropometrics and body composition predicted physical performance and selection for special forces training among soldiers attending the rigorous Special Forces Assessment and Selection (SFAS) course. Materials and Methods Soldiers attending the SFAS course between May 2015 and March 2017 were enrolled in a longitudinal, observational study. Anthropometrics (height, body mass, and body mass index [BMI]; n = 795) and body composition measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (percentage body fat, fat mass, lean mass, bone mineral content [BMC], and bone mineral density [BMD]; n = 117) were assessed before the course start. Associations with physical performance were determined with correlation coefficients. Associations with selection were determined with analyses of variance and t-tests; effect sizes were calculated as Cohen’s d. The U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine Institutional Review Board (IRB) initially approved this study, and the U.S. Army Medical Research and Development Command IRB approved the continuing review. Results Lower percentage body fat and fat mass predicted better performance on all assessments: Army Physical Fitness Test (APFT), pull-ups, SFAS run, loaded road march, obstacle course, and land navigation (P ≤ .05). Higher lean mass predicted better performance on the loaded road march (P ≤ .05). Lower body mass and BMI predicted better performance on APFT, pull-ups, run, and obstacle course; higher body mass and BMI predicted better performance on the loaded road march (P ≤ .05). Shorter stature predicted better performance on push-ups (APFT) and pull-ups; taller stature predicted better performance on SFAS run and loaded road march (P ≤ .05). On average, the selected soldiers were taller (179.0 ± 6.6 vs. 176.7 ± 6.7 cm), had higher body mass (85.8 ± 8.8 vs. 82.1 ± 9.6 kg), BMI (26.8 ± 2.2 vs. 26.3 ± 2.6 kg/m2), lean mass (67.2 ± 7.3 vs. 61.9 ± 7.6 kg), BMC (3.47 ± 0.40 vs. 3.29 ± 0.56 kg), and BMD (1.34 ± 0.10 vs. 1.28 ± 0.10 g/cm2), and lower percentage body fat (17.3 ± 3.4 vs. 20.1 ± 4.5%) and fat mass (14.2 ± 3.7 vs. 15.8 ± 4.4 kg) (P ≤ .05). Effect sizes were largest for lean mass (Cohen’s d = 0.71) and percentage body fat (d = 0.70), followed by BMD (d = 0.60), body mass (d = 0.40), fat mass (d = 0.39), BMC (d = 0.37), height (d = 0.35), and BMI (d = 0.21). Body mass adjustment attenuated associations between height and selection. Conclusions Anthropometrics and body composition are predictors of physical performance and SFAS success. Since these measures are modifiable (excluding height), they may be the focus of intervention studies aiming to improve performance in arduous military training courses, sports that require competition in multiple events, and occupations that have varied physical demands, such as firefighting, law enforcement, and construction.

Comparison of the Effect of Soy protein and Whey protein on Body Composition: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-27
Author(s):  
Masoome Piri Damaghi ◽  
Atieh Mirzababaei ◽  
Sajjad Moradi ◽  
Elnaz Daneshzad ◽  
Atefeh Tavakoli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Whey Protein ◽  
Lean Body Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Soy Protein ◽  
Protein Supplementation ◽  
Body Fat Percentage ◽  
Fat Percentage

Abstract Background: Essential amino acids (EAAs) promote the process of regulating muscle synthesis. Thus, whey protein that contains higher amounts of EAA can have a considerable effect on modifying muscle synthesis. However, there is insufficient evidence regarding the effect of soy and whey protein supplementation on body composition. Thus, we sought to perform a meta-analysis of published Randomized Clinical Trials that examined the effect of whey protein supplementation and soy protein supplementation on body composition (lean body mass, fat mass, body mass and body fat percentage) in adults. Methods: We searched PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar, up to August 2020, for all relevant published articles assessing soy protein supplementation and whey protein supplementation on body composition parameters. We included all Randomized Clinical Trials that investigated the effect of whey protein supplementation and soy protein supplementation on body composition in adults. Pooled means and standard deviations (SD) were calculated using random-effects models. Subgroup analysis was applied to discern possible sources of heterogeneity. Results: After excluding non-relevant articles, 10 studies, with 596 participants, remained in this study. We found a significant increase in lean body mass after whey protein supplementation weighted mean difference (WMD: 0.91; 95% CI: 0.15, 1.67. P= 0.019). Subgroup analysis, for whey protein, indicated that there was a significant increase in lean body mass in individuals concomitant to exercise (WMD: 1.24; 95% CI: 0.47, 2.00; P= 0.001). There was a significant increase in lean body mass in individuals who received 12 or less weeks of whey protein (WMD: 1.91; 95% CI: 1.18, 2.63; P<0.0001). We observed no significant change between whey protein supplementation and body mass, fat mass, and body fat percentage. We found no significant change between soy protein supplementation and lean body mass, body mass, fat mass, and body fat percentage. Subgroup analysis for soy protein indicated there was a significant increase in lean body mass in individuals who supplemented for 12 or less weeks with soy protein (WMD: 1.48; 95% CI: 1.07, 1.89; P< 0.0001). Conclusion: Whey protein supplementation significantly improved body composition via increases in lean body mass, without influencing fat mass, body mass, and body fat percentage.

scholarly journals Uric acid is associated with adiposity factors, especially with fat mass reduction during weight loss in obese children and adolescents

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Niu ◽  
Xue-lin Zhao ◽  
Hui-juan Ruan ◽  
Xiao-meng Mao ◽  
Qing-ya Tang
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Uric Acid ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Dietary Control ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Before And After

Abstract Background Current adult studies suggest that uric acid (UA) is associated with body fat, but the relationship in obese children is unclear. Thus, we aim to evaluate the association between uric acid and body composition of obese children. Methods A total of 79 obese children were included in this study, and 52 children (34 boys and 18 girls) underwent a 6-week weight loss camp, including 34 boys and 18 girls. Six-week weight-loss interventions were performed on all participants through aerobic exercise and appropriate dietary control. Laboratory tests and body composition were collected before and after the intervention. Results Before the intervention, correlation analysis demonstrated that uric acid was positively correlated with height, weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, hip circumference, fat mass (FM), and free fat mass (FFM) with adjusting for age and gender (P < 0.05). After 6 weeks of intervention, the participants gained 3.12 ± 0.85 cm in height, body fat percentage decreased by 7.23 ± 1.97%, and lost 10.30 ± 2.83 kg in weight. Univariate and multivariate analysis indicated that uric acid at baseline was associated with FM reduction during weight loss (P < 0.05). Conclusions This study is the first report that uric acid is associated with BMI and FM, and may play an important role in the reduction of FM during weight loss in obese children and adolescents. The interaction between UA and adiposity factors and its underlying mechanisms need to be further explored. Trial registration This study was registered in Clinical Trials.gov (NCT03490448) and approved by the Ethics Committee of Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine.

Body Composition, Dietary Intake, and Iron Status of Female Collegiate Swimmers and Divers

2006 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 281-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heidi L. Petersen ◽  
C. Ted Peterson ◽  
Manju B. Reddy ◽  
Kathy B. Hanson ◽  
James H. Swain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Lean Mass ◽  
Iron Status ◽  
Dietary Quality ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Percentage Body Fat ◽  
X Ray

This study determined the effect of training on body composition, dietary intake, and iron status of eumenorrheic female collegiate swimmers (n = 18) and divers (n = 6) preseason and after 16 wk of training. Athletes trained on dryland (resistance, strength, fexibility) 3 d/wk, 1.5 h/d and in-water 6 d/wk, nine, 2-h sessions per week (6400 to 10,000 kJ/d). Body-mass index (kg/m2; P = 0.05), waist and hip circumferences (P ≤ 0.0001), whole body fat mass (P = 0.0002), and percentage body fat (P ≤ 0.0001) decreased, whereas lean mass increased (P = 0.028). Using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, we found no change in regional lean mass, but fat decreased at the waist (P = 0.0002), hip (P = 0.0002), and thigh (P = 0.002). Energy intake (10,061 ± 3617 kJ/d) did not change, but dietary quality improved with training, as refected by increased intakes of fber (P = 0.036), iron (P = 0.015), vitamin C (P = 0.029), vitamin B-6 (P = 0.032), and fruit (P = 0.003). Iron status improved as refected by slight increases in hemoglobin (P = 0.046) and hematocrit (P = 0.014) and decreases in serum transferrin receptor (P ≤ 0.0001). Studies are needed to further evaluate body composition and iron status in relation to dietary intake in female swimmers.

scholarly journals Maternal obesity and offspring body composition by indirect methods: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (10) ◽  
pp. 2073-2092 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen Castillo-Laura ◽  
Iná S. Santos ◽  
Lenice C. M. Quadros ◽  
Alicia Matijasevich
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Maternal Obesity ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
Indirect Methods ◽  
Body Fat Percent ◽  
Maternal Overweight

Abstract This study reviewed the evidence that assessed the association between maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and/or gestational weight gain and offspring body composition in childhood. A systematic review was conducted. Cohort studies, case-control studies and randomized controlled trials measuring offspring body composition by indirect methods were included. Meta-analyses of the effect of pre-pregnancy BMI on offspring fat-free mass, body fat percent, and fat mass were conducted through random-effects models. 20 studies were included, most of which reported a positive association of pre-pregnancy BMI with offspring body fat. Standardized mean differences in body fat percent, fat mass and fat-free mass between infants of women with normal pre-pregnancy BMI and those of overweight/obese women were 0.31 percent points (95%CI: 0.19; 0.42), 0.38kg (95%CI: 0.26; 0.50), and 0.18kg (95%CI: -0.07; 0.42), respectively. Evidence so far suggests that pre-pregnancy maternal overweight is associated with higher offspring adiposity.

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