Mice deficient in oxytocin manifest increased saline consumption following overnight fluid deprivation

2001 ◽  
Vol 281 (5) ◽  
pp. R1368-R1373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet A. Amico ◽  
Mariana Morris ◽  
Regis R. Vollmer
Keyword(s):  
Tap Water ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Choice Test ◽  
Salt Appetite ◽  
Nacl Solution ◽  
Total Water ◽  
Sodium Appetite ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Deficient Mice ◽  
Observation Period

Male mice (9–13 mo of age) in which the gene for oxytocin (OT) had been deleted (OT −/−) were administered 0.5 M sodium chloride (NaCl) solution or tap water as a two-bottle choice test following overnight fluid deprivation (1600 to 1000 the following day). Compared with wild-type cohorts (OT +/+), OT-deficient mice ingested sevenfold greater amounts of saline in the first hour following reintroduction of fluids, P < 0.001, and fourfold greater amounts at the end of 6 h, P < 0.02. No significant difference in total water ingested was noted between the two genotypes at the end of either 1 or 6 h. If food deprivation accompanied the overnight fluid deprivation and food was reintroduced 1 h after the reintroduction of both water and saline, OT −/− mice still ingested greater amounts of saline, but not water, than OT +/+ mice at both 1 h, P < 0.001, and 6 h, P< 0.02. No differences were noted between genotypes in the daily intake of 0.5 M NaCl solution or water during a 3-day observation period before the overnight fluid deprivation. The volume of saline consumed in each 24-h observation period represented about one-tenth of the total fluids ingested in each genotype. We conclude that OT −/− mice display an enhanced salt appetite compared with OT +/+ mice when fluid deprived overnight. The salt appetite was only apparent in the presence of a perturbation such as fluid deprivation, which predisposes the animal to moderate hypovolemia. The observations support an inhibitory role for OT in the control of sodium appetite in mice.

Difference in rehydration process due to salt concentration of drinking water in rats

1988 ◽  
Vol 64 (6) ◽  
pp. 2438-2443 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Okuno ◽  
T. Yawata ◽  
H. Nose ◽  
T. Morimoto
Keyword(s):  
Tap Water ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Fluid Loss ◽  
Salt Appetite ◽  
Nacl Solution ◽  
Mutual Cooperation ◽  
Positive Balance ◽  
Nacl Concentration ◽  
Rehydration Process ◽  
Additional Loss

Albino rats were thermally dehydrated (approximately 8% of body wt), divided into five groups, and given tap water or 0.2, 0.45, 0.9, or 2.0% NaCl solution ad libitum for 16 h. Rats given 0.9 or 0.45% NaCl solution regained fluid loss completely in 3–3.5 h, whereas those given 0.2% solution became fully rehydrated at 10 h. The rats in the tap water and 2.0% NaCl groups were only 78 and 59% rehydrated, respectively, within 16 h. Na balance was positive in the 0.9% NaCl group by about five times the amount of the cations lost during the dehydration period. A positive balance of Na was also observed in the 0.45 (approximately 250%) and 2.0% NaCl groups (300%), whereas the 0.2% NaCl group regained lost water and Na simultaneously at 10 h. With tap water, additional loss of cations was observed. These findings show that for the replacement of water due to thermal dehydration there is a range of NaCl concentration with which the rats can rehydrate with the mutual cooperation of thirst, salt appetite, and kidney function.

Angiotensin and salt appetite of BALB/c mice

1990 ◽  
Vol 259 (4) ◽  
pp. R729-R735 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Denton ◽  
J. R. Blair-West ◽  
M. McBurnie ◽  
P. G. Osborne ◽  
E. Tarjan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Angiotensin Ii ◽  
Sodium Content ◽  
Neural Systems ◽  
Salt Appetite ◽  
Nacl Solution ◽  
Sodium Appetite ◽  
Daily Water Intake ◽  
Body Sodium ◽  
Daily Water ◽  
Ingestive Behaviors

The influence of systemic or intracerebroventricular (icv) administration of angiotensin II on the intakes of NaCl solution, water, and food was investigated in BALB/c mice. Systemic administration of angiotensin II had little, if any, influence on these ingestive behaviors. On the other hand, icv infusion of angiotensin II at 70 ng/day increased (P less than 0.05) intakes of NaCl solution and water by the third day of infusion. The amount of NaCl ingested daily during the infusion was two to three times body sodium content. The mean daily water intake increased to 40-60% of body weight. The vast increase in NaCl intake was not secondary to a natriuresis caused by the icv infusion of angiotensin II. The results suggest that angiotensin II has a direct effect on neural systems involved in sodium appetite in this species.

Effect of Wastewater on the Soil and Irrigation Process: A Laboratory Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Athar Hussain ◽  
Manjeeta Priyadarshi ◽  
Saif Said ◽  
Suraj Negi
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Surface Water Resources ◽  
Industrial Sewage ◽  
Concentration Levels

Most of the industrial sewage effluents used for irrigation contains heavy metals which cause toxicity to crop plants as the soils are able to accumulate heavy metal for many years. The vegetables grown for the present study were irrigated with treated wastewater brought from a nearby full-scale sewage treatment plant at different compositions along with tap water as a control. The concentration levels of the Cd, Co, Cu, Mn and Zn in the soil were found to below the toxic limits as prescribed in literature. Daily Intake Metals (DIM) values suggest that the consumption of plants grown in treated wastewater and tap water is nearly free of risks, as the dietary intake limits of Cu, Fe, Zn and Mn. The Enrichment Factor for the treated wastewater irrigated soil was found in order Zn> Ni> Pb> Cr> Cu> Co> Mn> Cd. Thus, treated wastewater can be effectively used for irrigation. This will have twofold significant environmental advantages: (1) helpful to reduce the groundwater usage for irrigation and (2) helpful to reduce the stress on surface water resources.

scholarly journals Impact of COVID-19 on workload burden of a complex radiotherapy facility

2021 ◽  
Vol 126 (5) ◽  
pp. 717-721
Author(s):  
Giulio Francolini ◽  
Isacco Desideri ◽  
Giulia Stocchi ◽  
Lucia Pia Ciccone ◽  
Viola Salvestrini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Daily Activity ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Treatment Delivery ◽  
Actual Time ◽  
Italian Government ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Observation Period

Abstract Background and purpose COVID-19 constitutes a worldwide threat, prompting Italian Government to implement specific measures on March 8, 2020, to protect patients and health workers from disease transmission. The impact of preventive measures on daily activity of a radiotherapy facility may hamper the ability to fulfill normal workload burden. Thus, we assessed the number of delivered treatments in a specific observation period after the adoption of preventive measures (since March 11 to April 24, 2020) and compared it with the corresponding period of the year 2019. Materials and methods Overall number of delivered fractions was related to actual time of platform daily activity and reported as a ratio between number of delivered fractions and activity hours (Fr/Hrs). Fr/Hrs were calculated and compared for two different periods of time, March 11–April 24, 2019 (Fr/Hrs1), and March 11–April 24, 2020 (Fr/Hrs2). Results Fr/Hrs1 and Fr/Hrs2 were 2.66 and 2.54 for year 2019 and 2020, respectively, for a Fr/Hrsratio of 1.07 (95% CI 1.03–1.12, p = 0.0005). Fr/Hrs1 was significantly higher than Fr/Hrs2 for SliR and PreciseR, with Fr/Hrsratio of 1.92 (95% CI 1.66–2.23, p < 0.0001) and 1.11 (95% CI 1.03–1.2, p = 0.003), respectively. No significant difference was reported for SynergyR and CyberknifeR with Fr/Hrsratio of 0.99 (95% CI 0.91–1.08, p = 0.8) and 0.9 (95% CI 0.77–1.06, p = 0.2), respectively. Fr/Hrs1 was significantly lower than Fr/Hrs2 for TomotherapyR, with Fr/Hrsratio of 0.88 (95% CI 0.8–0.96, p = 0.007). Conclusion Preventive measures did not influence workload burden performed. Automation in treatment delivery seems to compensate effectively for health workers number reduction.

Appendectomy Does Not Increase the Risk of Future Emergence of Parkinson’s Disease: A Meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 000313482198903
Author(s):  
Mitsuru Ishizuka ◽  
Norisuke Shibuya ◽  
Kazutoshi Takagi ◽  
Hiroyuki Hachiya ◽  
Kazuma Tago ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Random Effects Models ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Cochrane Library ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Observation Period

Objective To explore the impact of appendectomy history on emergence of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Background Although there are several studies to investigate the relationship between appendectomy history and emergence of PD, the results are still controversial. Methods We performed a comprehensive electronic search of the literature (the Cochrane Library, PubMed, and the Web of Science) up to April 2020 to identify studies that had employed databases allowing comparison of emergence of PD between patients with and those without appendectomy history. To integrate the impact of appendectomy history on emergence of PD, a meta-analysis was performed using random-effects models to calculate the risk ratio (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for the selected studies, and heterogeneity was analyzed using I2 statistics. Results Four studies involving a total of 6 080 710 patients were included in this meta-analysis. Among 1 470 613 patients with appendectomy history, 1845 (.13%) had emergences of PD during the observation period, whereas among 4 610 097 patients without appendectomy history, 6743 (.15%) had emergences of PD during the observation period. These results revealed that patients with appendectomy history and without appendectomy had almost the same emergence of PD (RR, 1.02; 95% CI, .87-1.20; P = .83; I2 = 87%). Conclusion This meta-analysis has demonstrated that there was no significant difference in emergence of PD between patients with and those without appendectomy history.

scholarly journals Clinical and Immunological Efficacy of Mangosteen and Propolis Extracted Complex in Patients with Gingivitis: A Multi-Centered Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 2604
Author(s):  
Jin-Young Park ◽  
Kyung-A Ko ◽  
Ji-Yeong Lee ◽  
Jae-Woon Oh ◽  
Hyun-Chang Lim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Patient Reported Outcomes ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Controlled Clinical Trial ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Immunological Parameters ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Patient Reported ◽  
And Control

Background: Mangosteen and propolis extracts (MAEC) have been potential therapeutic agents known to exhibit powerful antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the clinical and immunological efficacy of MAEC as well as safety and patient-reported outcomes (PROMs) on gingivitis and incipient periodontitis. Methods: This study was performed on 104 patients diagnosed with gingivitis or incipient periodontitis. At baseline, the participants were randomly allocated to either the test group, with daily intake of a single capsule containing 194 mg of MAEC for eight weeks, or control group, with placebo. Clinical periodontal evaluation and immunological parameters from saliva and gingival sulcular fluid were assessed at baseline, four, and eight weeks. Individual PROMs were assessed by OHIP-14 questionnaires. Results: There was a significant difference of modified gingival index at four and eight weeks between the test and control groups. In the test group, crevicular interleukin (IL)-6 was reduced, and the salivary matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 was increased after eight weeks. PROMs were improved up to four weeks compared to placebo. Conclusion: Oral administration of MAEC would have a potential to reduce gingival inflammation clinically and immunologically in the patients with gingivitis and incipient periodontitis.

scholarly journals Determination of essential and non-essential element contents of drinking water and baby water for infant’s nutrition

2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 194-202
Author(s):  
Funda Demir ◽  
Meral Yildirim Ozen ◽  
Emek Moroydor Derun
Keyword(s):  
Water Samples ◽  
Infant Nutrition ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Essential Element ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
Local Market ◽  
Drinking Waters ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Element Contents

Abstract In this study, essential (Ca, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Na, P, Zn), and non-essential (Al, Ni, Pb) element contents of the drinking and baby water samples which are sold in the local market and tap water samples in Istanbul were examined. It was determined that elements of Cr, Cu, Fe, P, Zn, Al, and Ni were below detection limits in all water samples. Among the non-essential elements analyzed in water samples, Pb was the only detected element. At the same time, the percentages that meet the daily element requirements of infants were also calculated. As a result of the evaluations made, there is no significant difference in infant nutrition between baby waters and other drinking waters in terms of the element content.

scholarly journals Parabrachial and hypothalamic interaction in sodium appetite

2011 ◽  
Vol 300 (5) ◽  
pp. R1091-R1099 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Dayawansa ◽  
S. Peckins ◽  
S. Ruch ◽  
R. Norgren
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Lateral Hypothalamus ◽  
Ibotenic Acid ◽  
The Other ◽  
Salt Appetite ◽  
Sodium Depletion ◽  
Sodium Appetite ◽  
Parabrachial Nuclei ◽  
Bilateral Lesions

Rats with bilateral lesions of the lateral hypothalamus (LH) fail to exhibit sodium appetite. Lesions of the parabrachial nuclei (PBN) also block salt appetite. The PBN projection to the LH is largely ipsilateral. If these deficits are functionally dependent, damaging the PBN on one side and the LH on the other should also block Na appetite. First, bilateral ibotenic acid lesions of the LH were needed because the electrolytic damage used previously destroyed both cells and axons. The ibotenic LH lesions produced substantial weight loss and eliminated Na appetite. Controls with ipsilateral PBN and LH lesions gained weight and displayed robust sodium appetite. The rats with asymmetric PBN-LH lesions also gained weight, but after sodium depletion consistently failed to increase intake of 0.5 M NaCl. These results dissociate loss of sodium appetite from the classic weight loss after LH damage and prove that Na appetite requires communication between neurons in the LH and the PBN.

scholarly journals Effects of Muclin (Dmbt1) deficiency on the gastrointestinal system

2008 ◽  
Vol 294 (3) ◽  
pp. G717-G727 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert C. De Lisle ◽  
Weihong Xu ◽  
Bruce A. Roe ◽  
Donna Ziemer
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Suppressor ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Exocrine Pancreas ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Exocrine Pancreatic Function ◽  
Immune Defense ◽  
Amylase Release ◽  
Releasable Pool ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Deficient Mice

The Dmbt1 gene encodes alternatively spliced glycoproteins that are either membrane-associated or secreted epithelial products. Functions proposed for Dmbt1 include it being a tumor suppressor, having roles in innate immune defense and inflammation, and being a Golgi-sorting receptor in the exocrine pancreas. The heavily sulfated membrane glycoprotein mucin-like glycoprotein (Muclin) is a Dmbt1 product that is strongly expressed in organs of the gastrointestinal (GI) system. To explore Muclin's functions in the GI system, the Dmbt1 gene was targeted to produce Muclin-deficient mice. Muclin-deficient mice have normal body weight gain and are fertile. The Muclin-deficient mice did not develop GI tumors, even when crossed with mice lacking the known tumor suppressor p53. When colitis was induced by dextran sulfate sodium, there was no significant difference in disease severity in Muclin-deficient mice. Also, when acute pancreatitis was induced with supraphysiological caerulein, there was no difference in disease severity in the Muclin-deficient mice. Exocrine pancreatic function was impaired, as measured by attenuated neurohormonal-stimulated amylase release from Muclin-deficient acinar cells. Also, by [35S]Met/Cys pulse-chase analysis, traffic of newly synthesized protein to the stimulus-releasable pool was significantly retarded in Muclin-deficient cells compared with wild type. Thus Muclin deficiency impairs trafficking of regulated proteins to a stimulus-releasable pool in the exocrine pancreas.

THE UPTAKE OF TRITIATED LYSINE VASOPRESSIN BY RAT AND PIG PITUITARY NEURAL LOBES IN VITRO

1971 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 669-677 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. A. EDWARDS
Keyword(s):  
Tap Water ◽  
Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Breakdown Product ◽  
Nacl Solution ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Neural Lobe ◽  
Lysine Vasopressin ◽  
And Control

SUMMARY Uptake of tritiated lysine vasopressin ([3H]LVP) was studied in halved neural lobes of rats (which had been given either tap water (control group) or 2% (w/v) NaCl solution as drinking water for 4 days) as well as in slices of pig neural lobe. Uptake of radioactivity into the neural lobes was shown but analysis of the extracts of incubated lobes of both species by ion exchange chromatography showed that very little of it remained in the tissue as hormone. In addition, some radioactivity was associated with trichloroacetic acid-insoluble proteins. After 90 min of incubation, and after correction for the breakdown, the uptake of unchanged [3H]LVP, expressed as a tissue: medium ratio, was 0·14 ± 0·04 and 0·09 ± 0·03 (mean ± s.e.m.) for the saline-treated and control rats respectively, while the tissue: medium ratios for the breakdown product(s) were 6·47 ± 0·45 and 5·50 ± 0·36. The results suggest uptake of [3H]LVP into the cell with almost complete intracellular breakdown of the hormone.

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