Regional variations in ABC transporter expression along the mouse intestinal tract

2004 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M. Mutch ◽  
Pascale Anderle ◽  
Muriel Fiaux ◽  
Robert Mansourian ◽  
Karine Vidal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Abc Transporter ◽  
Expression Profile ◽  
Abc Transporters ◽  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Assessment Model ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Distal Intestine

The ATP-binding cassette (ABC) family of proteins comprise a group of membrane transporters involved in the transport of a wide variety of compounds, such as xenobiotics, vitamins, lipids, amino acids, and carbohydrates. Determining their regional expression patterns along the intestinal tract will further characterize their transport functions in the gut. The mRNA expression levels of murine ABC transporters in the duodenum, jejunum, ileum, and colon were examined using the Affymetrix MuU74v2 GeneChip set. Eight ABC transporters (Abcb2, Abcb3, Abcb9, Abcc3, Abcc6, Abcd1, Abcg5, and Abcg8) displayed significant differential gene expression along the intestinal tract, as determined by two statistical models (a global error assessment model and a classic ANOVA, both with a P < 0.01). Concordance with semiquantitative real-time PCR was high. Analyzing the promoters of the differentially expressed ABC transporters did not identify common transcriptional motifs between family members or with other genes; however, the expression profile for Abcb9 was highly correlated with fibulin-1, and both genes share a common complex promoter model involving the NFκB, zinc binding protein factor (ZBPF), GC-box factors SP1/GC (SP1F), and early growth response factor (EGRF) transcription binding motifs. The cellular location of another of the differentially expressed ABC transporters, Abcc3, was examined by immunohistochemistry. Staining revealed that the protein is consistently expressed in the basolateral compartment of enterocytes along the anterior-posterior axis of the intestine. Furthermore, the intensity of the staining pattern is concordant with the expression profile. This agrees with previous findings in which the mRNA, protein, and transport function of Abcc3 were increased in the rat distal intestine. These data reveal regional differences in gene expression profiles along the intestinal tract and demonstrate that a complete understanding of intestinal ABC transporter function can only be achieved by examining the physiologically distinct regions of the gut.

scholarly journals Comprehensive Comparison of Amnion Stromal Cells and Chorion Stromal Cells by RNA-Seq

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 1901
Author(s):  
Brielle Jones ◽  
Chaoyang Li ◽  
Min Sung Park ◽  
Anne Lerch ◽  
Vimal Jacob ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Stromal Cells ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Inflammatory Factor ◽  
Next Generation Sequencing Technology ◽  
Angiogenic Potential ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Mesenchymal stromal cells derived from the fetal placenta, composed of an amnion membrane, chorion membrane, and umbilical cord, have emerged as promising sources for regenerative medicine. Here, we used next-generation sequencing technology to comprehensively compare amniotic stromal cells (ASCs) with chorionic stromal cells (CSCs) at the molecular and signaling levels. Principal component analysis showed a clear dichotomy of gene expression profiles between ASCs and CSCs. Unsupervised hierarchical clustering confirmed that the biological repeats of ASCs and CSCs were able to respectively group together. Supervised analysis identified differentially expressed genes, such as LMO3, HOXA11, and HOXA13, and differentially expressed isoforms, such as CXCL6 and HGF. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis showed that the GO terms of the extracellular matrix, angiogenesis, and cell adhesion were significantly enriched in CSCs. We further explored the factors associated with inflammation and angiogenesis using a multiplex assay. In comparison with ASCs, CSCs secreted higher levels of angiogenic factors, including angiogenin, VEGFA, HGF, and bFGF. The results of a tube formation assay proved that CSCs exhibited a strong angiogenic function. However, ASCs secreted two-fold more of an anti-inflammatory factor, TSG-6, than CSCs. In conclusion, our study demonstrated the differential gene expression patterns between ASCs and CSCs. CSCs have superior angiogenic potential, whereas ASCs exhibit increased anti-inflammatory properties.

scholarly journals Is gene expression among women with rheumatoid arthritis dysregulated during a postpartum flare?

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Wright ◽  
Mette K. Smed ◽  
J. Lee Nelson ◽  
Jørn Olsen ◽  
Merete L. Hetland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Gene Expression ◽  
Disease Activity ◽  
Activity Index ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Healthy Women ◽  
Immune Related Genes

Abstract Background To evaluate our hypotheses that, when rheumatoid arthritis (RA) flares postpartum, gene expression patterns are altered compared to (a) healthy women, (b) RA women whose disease activity is low or in remission postpartum, and (c) pre-pregnancy expression profiles. Methods Twelve women with RA and five healthy women were included in this pilot study. RA disease activity and postpartum flare were assessed using the Clinical Disease Activity Index (CDAI). Total RNA from frozen whole blood was used for RNA sequencing. Differential gene expression within the same women (within-group) over time, i.e., postpartum vs. third trimester (T3) or pre-pregnancy (T0), were examined, using a significance threshold of q < 0.05 and fold-change ≥ 2. Results Nine of the women with RA experienced a flare postpartum (RAFlare), while three had low disease activity or were in remission (RANoFlare) during that time frame. Numerous immune-related genes were differentially expressed postpartum (vs. T3) during a flare. Fold-changes in expression from T3 to postpartum were mostly comparable between the RAFlare and healthy groups. At 3 months postpartum, compared to healthy women, several genes were significantly differentially expressed only among the RAFlare women, and not among the RANoFlare women. Some of these genes were among those whose “normal” expression was significantly modulated postpartum, and the postpartum expression patterns were significantly altered during the RA flare. There were also some genes that were significantly differentially expressed in RAFlare compared to both healthy and RANoFlare women, even though their expression was not significantly modulated postpartum. Furthermore, while postpartum expression profiles were similar to those at pre-pregnancy among healthy women, significant differences were found between those time points among the RAFlare women. Conclusions The large majority of gene expression changes between T3 and 3 months postpartum among RA women who flared postpartum reflected normal postpartum changes also seen among healthy women. Nonetheless, during a postpartum flare, a set of immune-related genes showed dysregulated expression compared to healthy women and women with RA whose disease activity was low or in remission during the same time frame, while other genes demonstrated significant differences in expression compared to RA pre-pregnancy levels.

scholarly journals Gene Expression Profiles of Papillary Thyroid Microcarcinoma

2017 ◽  
Vol 102 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 39-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Woo Young Kim ◽  
Jae Bok Lee ◽  
Seung Pil Jung ◽  
Hoon Yub Kim ◽  
Sang Uk Woo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Gene Expression Profile ◽  
Differentially Expressed Genes ◽  
Expression Profile ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Papillary Thyroid Microcarcinoma ◽  
Papillary Thyroid ◽  
Normal Thyroid ◽  
Thyroid Microcarcinoma

The objective was to identify gene expression profile of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma. To help improve diagnosis of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma, we performed gene expression profiling and compared it to pair normal thyroid tissues. We performed microarray analysis with 6 papillary thyroid microcarcinoma and 6 pair normal thyroid tissues. Differentially expressed genes were selected using paired t test, linear models for microarray data, and significance analysis of microarrays. Real-time quantitative reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction was used to validate the representative 10 genes (MET, TIMP1, QPCT, PROS1, LRP4, SDC4, CITED1, DPP4, LRRK2, RUNX2). We identified 91 differentially expressed genes (84 upregulated and 7 downregulated) in the gene expression profile and validated 10 genes of the profile. We identified a significant genetic difference between papillary thyroid microcarcinoma and normal tissue by 10 upregulated genes greater than 2-fold (P &lt; 0.05).

scholarly journals Insecticide Exposure Triggers a Modulated Expression of ABC Transporter Genes in Larvae of Anopheles gambiae s.s.

Insects ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentina Mastrantonio ◽  
Marco Ferrari ◽  
Agata Negri ◽  
Tommaso Sturmo ◽  
Guido Favia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anopheles Gambiae ◽  
Abc Transporter ◽  
Abc Transporters ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Main Tool ◽  
Gene Expression Response ◽  
Abc Transporter Genes

Insecticides remain a main tool for the control of arthropod vectors. The urgency to prevent the insurgence of insecticide resistance and the perspective to find new target sites, for the development of novel molecules, are fuelling the study of the molecular mechanisms involved in insect defence against xenobiotic compounds. In this study, we have investigated if ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, a major component of the defensome machinery, are involved in defence against the insecticide permethrin, in susceptible larvae of the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto. Bioassays were performed with permethrin alone, or in combination with an ABC transporter inhibitor. Then we have investigated the expression profiles of five ABC transporter genes at different time points following permethrin exposure, to assess their expression patterns across time. The inhibition of ABC transporters increased the larval mortality by about 15-fold. Likewise, three genes were up-regulated after exposure to permethrin, showing different patterns of expression across the 48 h. Our results provide the first evidences of ABC transporters involvement in defence against a toxic in larvae of An. gambiae s.s. and show that the gene expression response is modulated across time, being continuous, but stronger at the earliest and latest times after exposure.

171 THE EFFECT OF TRICHOSTATIN A ON THE DEVELOPMENT AND THE GLOBAL GENE EXPRESSION PATTERNS IN MOUSE EMBRYOS DEVELOPING IN VITRO

2008 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 165
Author(s):  
X. S. Cui ◽  
X. Y. Li ◽  
T. Kim ◽  
N.-H. Kim
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Trichostatin A ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Gene Expression Profiles ◽  
Mouse Embryos ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Gene Expression Patterns ◽  
Cell Stage

Trichostatin A (TSA) is an inhibitor of histone deacetylase and is able to alter gene expression patterns by interfering with the removal of acetyl groups from histones. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of TSA treatment on the development and gene expression patterns of mouse zygotes developing in vitro. The addition of 100 nm TSA to the culture medium did not affect the cleavage of mouse embryos (TSA treatment, 148/150 (99%) v. control, 107/107 (100%)); however, embryos that were treated with TSA arrested at the 2-cell stage (145/148, 98%). We estimated the number of nuclei in control and TSA-treated embryos by propidium iodide staining, taking into account the presence of any cells with two or more nuclei. At 62–63 h post-hCG stimulation, control zygotes had developed to the 4-cell stage and exhibited one nucleus in each blastomere, indicative of normal development. In contrast, we observed tetraploid nuclei in at least one blastomere in 20.8% (11/53) of the embryos that had been treated with TSA. At 28–29 h post-hCG stimulation (metaphase of the 1-cell stage), there was no difference in the mitotic index (as determined by analyzing the microtubule configuration) in the TSA group compared to the control group. At the 2-cell stage, however, we did not observe mitotic spindles and metaphase chromatin in embryos in the TSA treatment group compared to the controls. Interestingly, when embryos were cultured in TSA-free medium from 35 h post-hCG stimulation (S- or early G2-phase of the 2-cell stage) onward, almost all of them (47/50) developed to the blastocyst stage. In contrast, when embryos were cultured in TSA-free medium from 42 h post-hCG stimulation (middle G2-phase of the 2-cell stage) onward, they did not develop to the 4-cell stage. We used Illumina microarray technology to analyze the gene expression profiles in control and TSA-treated late 2-cell-stage embryos. Applied Biosystems Expression System software was used to extract assay signals and assay signal-to-noise ratio values from the microarray images. Our data showed that 897 genes were significantly (P < 0.05; 2-sample t-test) up- or down-regulated by TSA treatment compared to controls. Analysis using the PANTHER classification system (https://panther.appliedbiosystems.com) revealed that the 575 genes that were differentially expressed in the TSA group compared to the control were classified as being associated with putative biological processes or molecular function. Overall, in terms of putative biological processes, more nucleoside, nucleotide, and nucleic acid metabolism, protein metabolism and modification, signal transduction, developmental process, and cell cycle genes were differentially expressed between the TSA and control groups. In terms of putative molecular function, more nucleic acid-binding transcription factor and transferase genes were differentially expressed between the groups. The results collectively suggest that inhibition of histone acetylation in mouse embryos affects gene expression profiles at the time of zygotic genome activation, and this subsequently affects further development.

scholarly journals The Expression of Human Placental Genes Related to Carotenoid/retinoid Metabolism and Pathways (P02-005-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoming Gong ◽  
Lewis Rubin
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Microarray Analysis ◽  
Fetal Development ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Gene Set Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Retinoid Metabolism ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Β Carotene

Abstract Objectives Carotenoid/retinoids status and metabolism are essential for normal placental and fetal development. Both deficiencies and excess of retinoids and some carotenoids are associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes, such as preeclampsia and preterm birth. A group of important genes involved in regulating carotenoid/retinoid metabolism and maternal to fetal transfer in human placenta. The objective of this study is to analyze (a) the expression of genes critical for regulating carotenoid/retinoid metabolism and maternal-fetal transport in human trophoblasts and (b) placental transcriptional profiles of these pathways in response to carotenoid exposure. Methods Human cytotrophoblasts (CTBs) were isolated from term placentas. CTB RNA was used to analyze the expression of genes involved in carotenoid/retinoid metabolism and pathways by qRT-PCT. First trimester-like trophoblasts (HTR-8/SVneo) were treated with either β-carotene or lycopene. RNAs were isolated and gene expression were analyzed by DNA microarrays. Results Human CTBs express retinoid metabolism and pathways-related genes, including Stra6, Lrat, Rdh5, Rdh10, Aldh1a1, Aldh1a2, Aldh1a3, Aldh8a1, Cyp26a1, and Cyp26b1, but not carotenoid metabolism genes, BCO1 and BCO2. Microarray analysis of placental gene expression profile revealed a total of 872 and 756 differentially expressed genes, respectively, compared to the control. Gene set enrichment analysis and functional annotation clustering was performed to characterize the genes differentially expressed in either β-carotene or lycopene-treated HTR-8/SVneo cells. Many known retinoid metabolism related genes and genes involved in regulation of retinoid signaling were found, and the expression profiles of these genes were markedly different in response to β-carotene treatments. Finally, the qRT-PCR and microarray analysis results showed similar gene expression patterns of carotenoid/retinoid metabolism and pathways. Conclusions These findings suggest that placental expression of genes involved in retinoid metabolism and transport in trophoblasts is critical for regulating retinoid homeostasis during placental and fetal development. Carotenoid exposure in early placental development, significantly modify the placenta gene expression related to retinoid pathways and maternal to fetal transfer. Funding Sources NIH HD421174.

Mirnas and Gene Expression Profiles in CD34+ Cells Are Dependent On the Source of Progenitor Cells Employed in Transplantation.

Blood ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 120 (21) ◽  
pp. 3020-3020
Author(s):  
Alicia Báez ◽  
Beatriz Martin-Antonio ◽  
Concepción Prats-Martín ◽  
Isabel Álvarez-Laderas ◽  
María Victoria Barbado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Reference Group ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Cd34 Cells ◽  
Different Sources

Abstract Abstract 3020 Introduction: Hematopoietic progenitors cells (HPCs) used in allogenic transplantation (allo-HSCT) may have different biological properties depending on their source of origin: mobilized peripheral blood (PB), bone marrow (BM) or umbilical cord (UC), which may be reflected in miRNAs or gene expression. The identification of different patterns of expression could have clinical implications. The aim of this study was to determine differences in miRNAs and gene expression patterns in the different sources of HPCs used in allo-HSCT. Materials and Method: CD34 + cells were isolated by immunomagnetic separation and sorting from 5 healthy donors per type of source: UC, BM and PB mobilized with G-CSF. A pool of samples from PB not mobilized was used as reference group. We analyzed the expression of 375 miRNAs using TaqMan MicroRNA Arrays Human v2.0 (Applied Biosystems), and gene expression using Whole Human Genome Oligo microarray kit 4×44K (Agilent). The expression levels of genes and miRNAs were obtained by the 2-ΔΔCTmethod. From expression data hierarchical clustering was performed using the Euclidean distance. To identify genes and miRNAs differentially expressed between the different sources of HPCs statistical Kruskal Wallis test was applied. All analysis were performed using the Multiexperiment Viewer 4.7.1. The function of the miRNAs and genes of interest was determined from the various databases available online (TAM database, Gene Ontology and TargetScan Human). Results: Forty-two miRNAs differentially expressed between the different sources were identified. As compared to BM or UC, in mobilized PB most miRNAs were overexpressed, including the miRNA family of miR515, which is characteristic of embryonic stem cells. On the other hand, 47 genes differentially expressed between the different sources were identified. Interestingly, a similar pattern of expression was observed between movilized PB and UC as compared to BM. Interestingly, 13 of these genes are targets of the miRNAs also identified in this study, which suggests that their expression might be regulated by these miRNAs. Conclusion: There are significant differences in miRNAs and gene expression levels between the different sources of HPCs Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

The Challenge of Using CB-HSCs As Source for Gene Therapy: Lentiviral Vector Transduction, Phenotypic Characterization and Global Gene Expression Profile of Ex-Vivo Expanded CB CD34+ Cells

Blood ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 126 (23) ◽  
pp. 5548-5548
Author(s):  
Rosalia Di Stefano ◽  
Elena Baiamonte ◽  
Melania Lo Iacono ◽  
Barbara Spina ◽  
Flavia Contino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Gene Therapy ◽  
Gene Expression Profile ◽  
Expression Profile ◽  
Cultured Cells ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Cd34 Cells

Abstract Introduction: Genetic modification of autologous hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPC) is a promising clinical intervention to cure inherited monogenic diseases. Successful gene therapy trials have already been conducted using CD34+ cells from bone marrow and from mobilized peripheral blood. In this regard, cord blood (CB) represents an attractive source of HSCs due to its high concentration of high proliferative HSPC and increased susceptibility to be transduced by lentiviral vectors. Unfortunately, the major disadvantage is the limited number of HSC in the CB collection. Consequently, ex-vivo expansion of CB-HSC is desirable to extend clinical applications. Purposes: To investigate the ability of UCB-cd34+ cells to be expanded in serum-free media supplemented with the early acting hematopoietic cytokines SCF,TPO and Flt-3 ligant (STF) and to characterize CD34+ cells subtypes, clonogenic capacity and gene expression profile during expansion. We also wanted to investigate the susceptibility of the expanded cd34+ cells to be transduced by a GFP-lentiviral vector (LV-GFP) Material and Methods: CD34+ immunoselected cells from 10 UCB were grown for 8 days in customized serum-free medium formulated for HSC expansion, supplemented with STF cytokines. Numbers end frequency of CD34+cells and co-expression of the primitive surface antigens (CD38, CD133, CD90) was evaluated during expansion. Colonies developed in methylcellulose were scored for enumeration ad typing. LV-GFP transduction efficiency was evaluated in CD34+ cells cultured for 4 days in expansion medium plus STF and for 24 hrs in X-vivo10 medium with STF±IL-3 cytokines; the last condition slightly expands CD34+ cells (1.3 fold) and are currently used for HSPC-lentivector transduction in gene therapy clinical trials. The transduction efficiency was evaluated by measuring the percentage of GFP+ cells in the bulk and in colonies developed in methylcellulose and the VCN/cell by Q-PCR. Gene expression profiles were analyzed by human whole genome Agilent microarray Technology to detect differentially expressed genes between expanded, ex-vivo medium cultured and un-cultured cells. Results: We found an average of 8 fold-increase CD34+cells at day 4 and of 22 fold- increase at day 8 of culture. The frequency of CD34+ was maintained at day 4 and declined of about 50% at day 8. CD34+/CD38- early progenitors doublet as early as day 4, differences in CD34+/CD133+ and CD34+/CD90+cells were not significant. The number of CFU slightly increased during expansion while the relative frequency of colonies type did not significantly changed. Four days expanded CD34+ cells were transduced more efficiently than those grown in ex-vivo medium even in presence of IL-3 added to the STF cytokine cocktail. Comprehensive gene expression profile analysis highlighted about 4000 genes differentially expressed in CD34+ cells expanded for 4 and for 8 days compared to that of the un-cultured cells. Conversely, the expression profiles analysis did not show any clear separation between different cell culture methods (expansion vs ex-vivo medium). Specifically, the number of differentially expressed genes in common between the different culture conditions compared with the un-cultured cells was statistically significant. Unsurprisingly, the common up-regulated genes were related to the cell cycle. The likeness between the gene expression profiles of the different culture conditions was also validated by the identification of a significantly small number of differentially expressed genes between them. Conclusions: UCB-CD34+ cells can be efficiently expanded and transduced in serum free conditions. The expanded cells exhibited phenotypic marchers typical of early progenitors and developed colonies in number and in type similar to the unmanipulated cells and exhibited whole gene expression profile that is consisted with that of CD34+ cells exposed for the short term culture conditions currently used in gene therapy trial mediated by lentiviral vectors. Results from this study open a window on the future possibility of using homologous UCB-HSC as target for gene correction in patients diagnosed for a genetic disorder in prenatal time. The genetically modified cells would be stored and used for gene therapy in the same individual in pediatric age. This work was funded by the F and P Cutino Foundation - Project RiMedRi CUP G73F12000150004 Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

scholarly journals Classification of Colorectal Carcinoma Based on Ferroptosis-related Gene Signature

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
QingFang Yue ◽  
Yuan Zhang ◽  
Fei Wang ◽  
Fei Cao ◽  
Xianglong Duan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Colorectal Carcinoma ◽  
Drug Sensitivity ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Gene Mutations ◽  
Functional Enrichment ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Related Gene ◽  
Molecular Features

Abstract Background: Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent form of programmed cell death, involves in the development of many cancers. However, systematic analysis of ferroptosis related-genes in colorectal carcinoma (CRC) remains to be clarified. We herein analyzed the public databases to identify the molecular features of CRC by the development of a classification based on the gene expression profile of ferroptosis-related genes.Methods: We collected the gene expression data and clinical information from The Cancer Atlas and Gene Expression Omnibus to explore the correlation of ferroptosis-related gene expression of CRC. Consensus clustering was performed to determine the clusters of colorectal cancer patients, then we analyzed the prognostic value, transcriptome features, immune microenvironment, drug sensitivity, gene mutations differences of the subclasses. Results: Four subclasses of CRC (C1, C2, C3 and C4) were identified. There were significant differences in the prognosis of patients between the four subtypes. Functional enrichment suggested that these ferroptosis related-genes were associated with biological processes such as metabolic processes and oxidative stress, and the KEGG pathway suggested that it was closely related to ferroptosis and glutathione metabolic pathway. There were significant differences in immune cell infiltrations, immune score, stromal score and tumor purity among four subclasses. The expression of PD-L1 was differentially expressed in four subclasses and PD-L1 was significantly correlated with the expression of several ferroptosis-related genes in the differentially expressed subtypes. There were significant differences in stemness indices and drug sensitivity in four subclasses, and gene mutations analysis showed that ferroptosis-related genes such as TP53 had high mutations in different subtypes, and there were significant differences in mutation frequencies in the subclasses.Conclusion: This study established a new CRC classification based on ferroptosis-related genes expression profiles, and different subgroups may have their unique gene expression patterns, indicating that the heterogeneity within CRC and the classification might provide valuable stratification for the design of future treatment.

103 GENE EXPRESSION PROFILES OF VITRIFIED MOUSE EMBRYOS DETECTED BY MICROARRAYS

2006 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 160
Author(s):  
S. Mamo ◽  
Sz. Bodo ◽  
Z. Polgar ◽  
A. Dinnyes
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Analysis Tool ◽  
Cell Stage ◽  
Base Medium ◽  
Independent Analysis

Very little is known about the effect of vitrification on gene functions after warming. The goals of our study were to examine the transcript variations and identify genes most affected by the treatment. For this, 8-cell-stage embryos were collected from female ICR mice mated with ICR males. The embryos were washed with CZB-HEPES base medium and suspended briefly in equilibrium medium consisting of 4% ethylene glycol (EG) in base medium at room temperature. Following equilibration, the embryos were vitrified in a 35% EG, 0.4 M trehalose, 5% polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) solution by means of a solid-surface vitrification (SSV) technique as described earlier (Dinnyes 2000 Biol. Reprod. 63, 513-518). Then 40 embryos each from the control and the vitrified/warmed groups were cultured in CZB medium for 3 h. Total RNAs were extracted from cultured embryos in each group using TRIzol (Invitrogen, Bio-Science, Ltd., Budapest, Hungary), following the manufacturer's instructions. Two rounds of amplification were employed to produce labeled RNA, using low input RNA amplification kit (Agilent Technologies, Kromat, Ltd., Budapest, Hungary) procedures with modifications. Three micrograms of contrasting RNA samples were hybridized on the Agilent Mouse 22K oligonucleotide slides with subsequent analysis of the results. Moreover, as an independent analysis tool, real time PCR was used with eight designed primers. All of the vitrified embryos were recovered after warming with no morphological signs of cryodamage and used for analysis. The two rounds of amplification yielded 15-16 �g of cRNA. The analysis of repeated hybridizations by Rosetta luminator software (Agilent) showed 20 183 genes and expressed sequence tags (ESTs) that passed the selection criteria and were identified as common signatures in all of the slides. Unsupervised analysis of the gene expression data identified a total of 631 differentially expressed (P < 0.01) genes. However, to support the reliability of the results, only those variations above 1.5 fold differences were considered as significant in the final analysis. Therefore, with this stringent criterion 183 genes were differentially expressed (P < 0.01), of which 109 were up-regulated and the remainder down-regulated. Although genes have multiple and overlapping functions, most of the differentially expressed genes were functionally classified into various physiological categories. These include stress response (8), apoptosis related (6), metabolism (51), temperature response (4), and transcription regulation (15). Moreover, the independent analysis with real time PCR and unamplified samples verified the results of microarray. Thus, based on confirmation of the results by an independent analysis and support by the previous studies for some of the genes, it is possible to conclude that the expression patterns reflect the true biological image of embryos after vitrification, with most effects on stress- and cell metabolism-related genes. This work was supported by EU FP6 (MEXT-CT-2003-59582), Wellcome Trust Foundation (Grant No. 070246), and National Office of Research and Technology (NKTH) (#BIO-00017/2002, #BIO-00086/2002).

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