scholarly journals Scleredema Diabeticorum in a Patient with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Martín ◽  
L. Requena ◽  
K. Manrique ◽  
F. D. Manzarbeitia ◽  
A. Rovira
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Metabolic Control ◽  
The Body ◽  
Therapeutic Options ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Reticular Dermis ◽  
Puva Treatment

Background.Scleredema adultorum, a connective tissue disorder of unknown aetiology, is characterized by a thickening of the reticular dermis in the upper back of the body that may decrease the mobility of the affected tissues. It has been reported in diabetic patients with poor metabolic control. Therapeutic options are limited with generally poor results.Case Report.53-year-old white male with type 2 diabetes mellitus was referred to our department for evaluation of incipient nephropathy and retinopathy. On examination, he presented erythematous, indurated, painless and ill-defined plaque on the skin of the upper back with limited movement of shoulders. A biopsy was done revealing scleredema. PUVA treatment and physiotherapy were started with the amelioration of mobility and acquiring some elasticity of the upper back.Discussion.The development of scleredema in diabetic patients has been related to prolonged exposure to chronic hyperglycaemia. Our patient has had diabetes for 20 years with an acceptable glucose control, however he developed the scleredema 10 years ago.Conclusions.Scleredema is a rare connective disorder that seems to appear most frequently in diabetic subjects. Good metabolic control seems not to preclude its development. PUVA treatment and physiotherapy are therapeutic options that seem to be of some help.

scholarly journals Osteocalcin: the relationship between bone metabolism and glucose homeostasis in diabetes mellitus

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 322-328
Author(s):  
A.V. Кovalchuk ◽  
О.В. Zinych ◽  
V.V. Korpachev ◽  
N.M. Кushnareva ◽  
О.В. Prybyla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Bone Metabolism ◽  
The Body ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Peripheral Tissues

Recent studies have demonstrated the importance of bone as an endocrine organ that produces biologically active substances, which regulate both local bone metabolism and metabolic functions throughout the body. In the process of bone remodeling (formation/destruction), the active cells secrete specific biomarkers that help detect osteometabolic dysfunction. Among bone hormones, osteocalcin plays an important role as a coordinator of bone modeling processes, energy homeostasis, metabolism of glucose, lipids and minerals. Osteocalcin is a structural protein of the bone matrix, which is synthesized by osteoblasts and enters the bloodstream in the process of bone resorption. The level of osteocalcin in the serum is used as a specific marker of bone formation. Osteocalcin promotes pancreatic β-cell proliferation and insulin secretion, and also affects the insulin sensitivity of peripheral tissues. The inverse association of glycemia with the level of osteocalcin was revealed. Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus usually have normal or even slightly elevated bone mineral density compared to age-appropriate controls. Decreased bone quality and increased risk of fractures are associated with changes in bone microarchitecture and local humoral environment. An imbalance in osteoblast/osteoclast activity may be due to oxidative stress and the accumulation of glycosylation end products, which contributes to chronic inflammation and bone resorbtion in patients with diabetes. It is shown that the level of osteocalcin in the blood serum is significantly reduced compared to healthy controls, both in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus and, especially, in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Given the importance of developing new approaches to the diagnosis and correction of metabolic disorders in diabetic patients, the study of the influence of bone hormones on hormonal and metabolic parameters and bone status, including the risk of fractures, remains relevant in modern diabetology.

scholarly journals Efektifitas Pemberdayaan Keluarga Terhadap Kontrol Metabolik Pada Pasien Diabetes Mellitus Tipe 2

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rasnah Rasnah ◽  
Elly L Sjattar ◽  
Saldy Yusuf
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Metabolic Control ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Self Care ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Family Empowerment

Background : Family empowerment plays an important role in the management of diabetes mellitus experienced by family members. Because of the chronic nature of this disease, people with diabetes mellitus need long-term assistance to improve self-care and delay chronic complications from diabetes mellitus through glycemic control. Aim : To conduct a systematic review and assess the effectiveness of family empowerment for metabolic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Method : Systematic reviews are carried out using electronic databases in article searches such as PubMed, ScienceDirect, ProQuest, Google Scholar. Results: After reviewing five articles it was found that family-based intervention or by empowering families in the care of patients with diabetes mellitus played a role in decreasing HbA1c as an indicator in glycemic control. And the most widely used instruments are the scale of self-care and diabetes activity (SDSCA), the diabetes empowerment scale (DES) and the diabetes knowledge questionnaire (DKQ). Conclusion : From the review of the article reviewed it can be concluded that families must be involved in the care of people with diabetes mellitus, diabetes education given only to individuals with type 2 diabetes limits the impact on patients, therefore empowering families will provide a large role in the management of chronic diseases that emphasize context where this disease occurs including the family's physical environment, education, and the personal needs of patients and family members. Helps develop healthy family behavior and shows self-management of diabetic patients, especially in health care programs, especially those who are able to promote various forms of social support, glycemic control and to strengthen ties between family members.Keywords : Family empowerment, metabolic control, type 2 diabetes mellitus.

scholarly journals Insights into the Molecular Role of Endocannabinoids in Diabetes Mellitus

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 470-485
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Cannabinoid Receptors ◽  
The Body ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

In the past few years, the pathophysiological role of various factors in type 2 diabetes mellitus has been fully explored. Subsequently, this marked the progression in the development of a novel therapeutic agent. Such brain-derived neurotropic factors, including neurotrophic factor-2 and anti-inflammatory agents for the treatment of diabetes, have emerged. However, the therapeutic potential of endocannabinoids in type 2 diabetes mellitus is still not fully understood. At present, cannabinoids are under research for their therapeutic and safety profile issues in numerous thrust areas. Its wide biological actions are implemented through cannabinoid receptor type 1(CB1) and CB2 receptors, which find major applications as anti-arthritic, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, anti-cancer, and antidiabetic therapeutics with lesser side effects than any other traditional therapy. The current review aims to reveal detailed aspects of pathological and physiological pathways with endocannabinoids followed in disease progression. Different alterations induced by them in the pancreas, such as 2-arachidonylglycerol and anandamide during hyperglycemia, clearly verify their participation in the progression of type 2 diabetes. Activation of both cannabinoid receptors results in metabolic changes inside the body, and receptor antagonist rimonabant has been proven to be protective in controlling insulin resistance in diabetic patients. Therefore, endocannabinoids are a promising target in new drug developments and further in-depth analysis of their hidden aspects, which would help develop alternate beneficial targets in combating the progression of diabetes.

scholarly journals Metformin and Exercise; the Effects of Metformin in the Body Building to Minimize the Effects of the Use of Anabolics: Case Report for a Randomized Controlled Trial

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
The Body ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Insulin Levels ◽  
Oral Antidiabetic

Metformin is an oral antidiabetic used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. More precisely, it belongs to the class of biguanides, Metformin is used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus both as monotherapy and in combination therapy with other oral antidiabetic agents or with insulin, when dietary interventions and exercise are not sufficient to control the disease. When used in overweight diabetic patients, metformin also causes a decrease in the complications of diabetes and its use has been associated with stabilization and, albeit modest, loss of body weight.In type 2 diabetes mellitus (called also DM2 and in the past 'adult diabetes' or 'food') the insulin produced by the pancreas is unable to fully exert its action so that the body even produces it in excess, with the result on the one hand of making increasing weight and on the other hand progressively depleting the pancreas, is unable to meet the body's needs. It is as if the body were resisting the action of insulin. Metformin reduces insulin resistance. It is taken by mouth and is the only drug useful in all stages of type 2 diabetes. It also helps improve the balance of fats and, to a limited extent, blood pressure. Metformin alone has important effects on blood sugar. Accompanied by physical exercise, weight loss and possibly other medications, it is often an effective therapy. It does not cause hypoglycemia, helps not to gain weight or even reduces it. The main feature of Metformin is to interact strongly with AMPK by regulating its expression. In fact, its down regulation leads to consuming ATP, synthesizing cholesterol and fatty acids and consuming glucose: a situation in which insulin levels are quite high (therefore energy abundance).On the contrary, its up regulation leads to the creation of ATP, consuming more fatty acids for energy purposes and it is a metabolic situation similar to caloric restriction in which insulin levels are kept low (therefore energy scarcity). Metformin by upregulating AMPK has therefore shown to have a somewhat transversal therapeutic use in the treatment of metabolic dysfunctions.

scholarly journals DEMONSTRATION OF PRECISE RELATIONSHIPS AND LINKS BETWEEN TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS, INSULIN RESISTANCE AND PARKINSON’S DISEASE

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 259-270
Author(s):  
Habib ur Rehman ◽  
Kaleemullah ◽  
Abdul Malik Tareen
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
The Body ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
The Brain

Diabetes is a metabolic disorder that intessssrferes with the body's ability to consume food and convert it into energy. The most common mode of diabetes in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is that the body cannot effectively use insulin produced by the pancreas. This is called insulin resistance. Parkinson's Disease (PD) is a chronic neurodegenerative motor defect whose properties work is hindrance with locomotion. This is due to the loss of neurons in the substantia nigra area under the brain that produces dopamine, a chemical messenger that transmits signals that produce smooth, meaningful movement. Dopamine loss caused by neuronal damage and death causes impaired movement. Cells rely on glucose for energy, and insulin helps to convert glucose into energy. In both Parkinson's disease and type 2 diabetes, changes in the brain can result in signaling interruptions that affect normal functioning. Insulin resistance also reaches the brain and produces severe changes in the nerve cells, increasing the risk of Parkinson's disease and abnormally promoting high blood sugar leads to high-rise the inflammation, associated with the development of Parkinson's disease. Diabetes suffering peoples are more likely to have Parkinson's disease. Parkinson's disease is 32% higher in people with type 2 diabetes than in non-diabetic patients. Patients with type 2 diabetes along with its complication have a 49% higher risk of Parkinson’s disease, while those having only type 2 diabetes without complications have a 30% risk of parkinson’s disease. In particular, younger patients with diabetes (25 to 44 years of age) have an approximately fourfold increased risk of developing Parkinson's compared with adults of similar age without diabetes. Researchers has estimated the high risk of developing PD based on longitudinal data methodology for people with type 2 diabetes. Initial studies have reported more than 400 genes linked in both conditions. The potential link between type 2 diabetes and Parkinson's disease has been the topic of medical dialogue and scientific research for years. Recently, animal and in vitro studies have shown that the pathophysiology and clinical symptoms of Parkinson's disease are concerned more with insulin dysregulation and changes in insulin action.

Association of Major Dietary Patterns with General and Abdominal Obesity in Iranian Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

2015 ◽  
Vol 85 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 145-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marjan Ghane Basiri ◽  
Gity Sotoudeh ◽  
Mahmood Djalali ◽  
Mohammad Reza Eshraghian ◽  
Neda Noorshahi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Abdominal Obesity ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Dietary Pattern ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
General Obesity ◽  
Healthy Dietary Pattern

Abstract. Background: The aim of this study was to identify dietary patterns associated with general and abdominal obesity in type 2 diabetic patients. Methods: We included 728 patients (35 - 65 years) with type 2 diabetes mellitus in this cross-sectional study. The usual dietary intake of individuals over 1 year was collected using a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Weight, height, and waist circumference were measured according to standard protocol. Results: The two major dietary patterns identified by factor analysis were healthy and unhealthy dietary patterns. After adjustment for potential confounders, subjects in the highest quintile of the healthy dietary pattern scores had a lower odds ratio for the general obesity when compared to the lowest quintile (OR = 0.45, 95 % CI = 0.26 - 0.79, P for trend = 0.02), while patients in the highest quintile of the unhealthy dietary pattern scores had greater odds for the general obesity (OR = 3.2, 95 % CI = 1.8 - 5.9, P for trend < 0.001). There were no significant associations between major dietary patterns and abdominal obesity, even after adjusting for confounding factors. Conclusion: This study shows that in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, a healthy dietary pattern is inversely associated and an unhealthy dietary pattern is directly associated with general obesity.

ESTIMATION OF SERUM FERRITIN LEVELS IN TYPE 2 DIABETIC PATIENTS AND ITS RELATION WITH HbA1C LEVEL.

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shah Namrata Vinubhai ◽  
Pardeep Agarwal ◽  
Bushra Fiza ◽  
Ramkishan Jat
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Sugar ◽  
Serum Ferritin ◽  
Inflammatory Marker ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Positive Correlation

Background: Serum ferritin is known as an index for body iron stores also as an inflammatory marker and it is influenced by several disease. We were looking for a correlation between HbA1c and S. Ferritin in type 2 DM. Methodology: The present study a total of 150 participants were enrolled of which 100 were confirmed cases of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and rest 50 age and sex matched healthy subjects constituted the control group. All were screened for HbA1c, Fasting blood sugar, Post prandial blood sugar and S.Ferritin. Results: A highly significant variation and positive correlation was observed with respect to S.Ferritin and HbA1c levels. Mean S.Ferritin was high in the subgroup with poor glycemic control. Conclusion: The fasting, post prandial sugar levels, HbA1c and S.Ferritin were significantly higher in the diabetic subjects. This study shows a positive correlation between HbA1c and S. Ferritin levels. So we can conclude that in diabetic patients S. Ferritin may serve as an independent marker of poor glycemic and metabolic control. Keywords: Serum ferritin, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, HbA1c.

scholarly journals A Narrative Review on Sarcopenia in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Prevalence and Associated Factors

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 183
Author(s):  
Anna Izzo ◽  
Elena Massimino ◽  
Gabriele Riccardi ◽  
Giuseppe Della Pepa
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Elderly Population ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
Macrovascular Complications ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Age Related

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) represents a major health burden for the elderly population, affecting approximately 25% of people over the age of 65 years. This percentage is expected to increase dramatically in the next decades in relation to the increased longevity of the population observed in recent years. Beyond microvascular and macrovascular complications, sarcopenia has been described as a new diabetes complication in the elderly population. Increasing attention has been paid by researchers and clinicians to this age-related condition—characterized by loss of skeletal muscle mass together with the loss of muscle power and function—in individuals with T2DM; this is due to the heavy impact that sarcopenia may have on physical and psychosocial health of diabetic patients, thus affecting their quality of life. The aim of this narrative review is to provide an update on: (1) the risk of sarcopenia in individuals with T2DM, and (2) its association with relevant features of patients with T2DM such as age, gender, body mass index, disease duration, glycemic control, presence of microvascular or macrovascular complications, nutritional status, and glucose-lowering drugs. From a clinical point of view, it is necessary to improve the ability of physicians and dietitians to recognize early sarcopenia and its risk factors in patients with T2DM in order to make appropriate therapeutic approaches able to prevent and treat this condition.

scholarly journals Fermented pork fat (Sa-um) and lifestyle risk factors as potential indicators for type 2 diabetes among the Mizo population, Northeast India

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Freda Lalrohlui ◽  
Souvik Ghatak ◽  
John Zohmingthanga ◽  
Vanlal Hruaii ◽  
Nachimuthu Senthil Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Lifestyle Habits ◽  
Pork Fat

AbstractOver the last few decades, Mizoram has shown an increase in cases of type 2 diabetes mellitus; however, no in-depth scientific records are available to understand the occurrence of the disease. In this study, 500 patients and 500 healthy controls were recruited to understand the possible influence of their dietary and lifestyle habits in relation with type 2 diabetes mellitus. A multivariate analysis using Cox regression was carried out to find the influence of dietary and lifestyle factors, and an unpaired t test was performed to find the difference in the levels of biochemical tests. Out of 500 diabetic patients, 261 (52.3%) were males and 239 (47.7%) were females, and among the control group, 238 (47.7%) were males and 262 (52.3%) were females. Fermented pork fat, Sa-um (odds ratio (OR) 18.98), was observed to be a potential risk factor along with tuibur (OR 0.1243) for both males and females. Creatinine level was found to be differentially regulated between the male and female diabetic patients. This is the first report of fermented pork fat and tobacco (in a water form) to be the risk factors for diabetes. The unique traditional foods like Sa-um and local lifestyle habits like tuibur of the Mizo population may trigger the risk for the prevalence of the disease, and this may serve as a model to study other populations with similar traditional practices.

Increased Serum WISP1 Levels are Associated with Lower Extremity Atherosclerotic Disease in Patients with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yangyang Cheng ◽  
Xiaohui Du ◽  
Bilin Zhang ◽  
Junxia Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Interleukin 6 ◽  
Atherosclerotic Disease ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Newly Diagnosed

Abstract Background Serum wnt1-induced signaling pathway protein 1 (WISP1) levels are increased with obesity, which is a common complication associated with lower extremity atherosclerotic disease (LEAD). However, to date, the relationship between elevated WISP1 levels and the incidence of lower extremity atherosclerotic disease (LEAD) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) remains unclear. Methods 174 newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients were enrolled in our study. Patients were divided into two groups, LEAD group (n=100) and control group (n=74). Anthropometric parameters, blood pressure and some biochemical parameters were obtained. Body composition was detected by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). Levels of serum insulin were determined by radioimmunoassay. Serum WISP1 and interleukin 6 (IL-6) levels were determined using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results It was shown that serum WISP1 levels in diabetic patients with LEAD were higher than those without LEAD (P<0.001). Serum WISP1 levels were positively related with waist circumference (r=0.237, P=0.003), waist-hip ratio (r=0.22, P=0.006), visceral fat area (r=0.354, P<0.001), serum creatinine (r=0.192, P=0.012), interleukin 6 (r=0.182, P=0.032), c-reactive protein (r=0.681, P<0.001), triglycerides (r=0.119, P<0.001), fasting glucose (r=0.196, P=0.011), glycated hemoglobin (r=0.284, P<0.001), and HOMA-IR (r=0.285, P<0.026). Compared with the lowest tertile, the odds ratio of the middle tertile for LEAD incidence was 3.27 (95% CI, 1.24–8.64) and 4.46 (95% CI, 1.62–12.29) for the highest tertile after adjusting confounding factors. Conclusion The results suggest that increased serum WISP1 levels independently contribute to the incidence of LEAD in patients with newly diagnosed T2DM.

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