scholarly journals Is There a Relationship between Ovarian Epithelial Dysplasia and Infertility?

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gautier Chene ◽  
Frédérique Penault-Llorca ◽  
Anne Tardieu ◽  
Anne Cayre ◽  
Nicole Lagarde ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ovulation Induction ◽  
Exposed Group ◽  
Epithelial Dysplasia ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Severe Dysplasia ◽  
Ovulation Stimulation ◽  
Ovarian Neoplasia ◽  
Infertile Group ◽  
And Control ◽  
Ovarian Dysplasia

Aim.Ovarian epithelial dysplasia was initially described in material from prophylactic oophorectomies performed in patients at genetic risk of ovarian cancer. Similar histopathological abnormalities have been revealed after ovulation stimulation. Since infertility is also a risk factor for ovarian neoplasia, the aim of this study was to study the relationship between infertility and ovarian dysplasia.Methods.We blindly reviewed 127 histopathological slides of adnexectomies or ovarian cystectomies according to three groups—an exposed group to ovulation induction (n= 30), an infertile group without stimulation (n= 35), and a spontaneously fertile control group (n= 62)—in order to design an eleven histopathological criteria scoring system.Results.The ovarian dysplasia score was significantly higher in exposed group whereas dysplasia score was low in infertile and control groups (resp., 8.21 in exposed group, 3.69 for infertile patients, and 3.62 for the controls). In the subgroup with refractory infertility there was a trend towards a more severe dysplasia score (8.53 in ovulation induction group and 5.1 in infertile group).Conclusion.These results raise questions as to the responsibility of drugs used to induce ovulation and/or infertility itself in the genesis of ovarian epithelial dysplasia.

Biochemical Profile, Micro-mineral Status and Metallothionein Expression in Abattoir Buffaloes Environmentally Exposed to Heavy Metals

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Himalaya Bhardwaj ◽  
Chanchal Singh ◽  
Shashi Nayyar
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Tissue Sample ◽  
Exposed Group ◽  
Permissible Limit ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group Level ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
And Control ◽  
Metals Exposure

Background: The present study was planned to assess the biochemical and micro-minerals profile in blood and other tissues of buffaloes environmentally exposed to heavy metals. Methods: Tissues (liver and kidney) and blood samples (n=50) were collected from local abattoir. Based on the level of heavy metals, animals were classified as exposed and control was found to have heavy metals in normal range. Blood and tissue sample from both groups were analyzed for micro-minerals, antioxidant status, metabolic profile and expression of metallothionein-2 (MT-2).Result: Exposed group was found to have significantly (p less than 0.05) higher level of arsenic and chromium as compared to the control group. Level of Copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) were observed to be significantly (p less than 0.05) higher in exposed animals as compared to control but their concentrations were below the permissible limit in both the groups. Cobalt (Co) and iron (Fe) level were normal in all tissues but Fe level was lower than permissible limit in blood. Malonldialdehyde (MDA), the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) was found to be significantly increased (p less than 0.05) in tissues and blood of exposed group. The exposed buffaloes were found to have significantly (p less than 0.05) increased glucose, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine kinase (CK), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), urea and creatinine level as compared to control group. Fold change expression of metallothionein (MT-2), had maximum in liver, followed by kidney and blood as compared to control group. The study concluded that heavy metals exposure and low concentration of micro-minerals in buffaloes could result in oxidative damage and alterations in the expression of metallothionein.

scholarly journals Exposure to Chinese Famine in Fetal Life and the Risk of Dysglycemiain Adulthood

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (7) ◽  
pp. 2210
Author(s):  
Yan Zhang ◽  
Chao Song ◽  
Meng Wang ◽  
Weiyan Gong ◽  
Yanning Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Exposed Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Fetal Life ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Affected Area ◽  
Famine Exposure ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Relationship

Undernutrition in early life may have a long consequence of type 2 diabetes in adulthood. The current study was aimed to explore the association between famine exposure in fetal life during China’s Great Famine (1959–1961) and dysglycemia in adulthood. The cross-sectional data from 7830 adults from the 2010–2012 China National Nutrition and Health Surveillance was utilized. Participants who were born between 1960 and 1961 were selected as the exposed group, while the participants who were born in 1963 were selected as the unexposed group. Logistic regression was utilized to examine the relationship between fetal famine exposure and dysglycemia in adulthood. The prevalence of type 2 diabetes in the exposed and control group was 6.4% and 5.1%, respectively, and the risk of type 2 diabetes in the exposed group was 1.23 times higher than that of the control group (95%CI, 1.01–1.50; P = 0.042) in adulthood, and 1.40 times in the severely affected area (95%CI, 1.11–1.76; P = 0.004). The fasting plasma glucose of the exposed group was higher than that of the control group, which was only found in the severely affected area (P = 0.014) and females (P = 0.037). The association between famine and impaired fasting glucose was observed only in females (OR 1.31, 95%CI, 1.01–1.70; P = 0.040). Our results suggested that fetal exposure to Chinese famine increased the risk of dysglycemia in adulthood. This association was stronger in the severely affected area and females.

Complete blood count, cholinesterase, and renal function of organophosphate sprayers in Kulonprogo

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Idha Arfianti Wiraagni
Keyword(s):  
Renal Function ◽  
Blood Count ◽  
Complete Blood Count ◽  
Exposed Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Pesticide Use ◽  
Normal Limits ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Control

Background: There are several risks to health associated with pesticide use. The use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) can minimize pesticide exposure to farmers. The aim of this study was to determine the basic characteristics of farmers, blood parameters (complete blood count, cholinesterase, and creatinine), patterns of pesticide use, and the use of PPE. Methods: This research was a cross-sectional study, with total sampling method. The data were taken from all farmers in Kulonprogo, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Case group was organophosphate sprayers that have sprayed organophosphate for more than 1 year. Results: In case of group, there were 36 farmers (31 male and 5 female), while in control group, there were 11 persons (4 male and 7 female). The mean blood cholinesterase level in the exposed group was 7.8 ± 2.01Ku/L and in the control group 8.7± 1.56 Ku/L. The mean of exposed group blood urea nitrogen: 12.08±3.88 mmol/L and control Group: 11.4±3.11 mmol/L. The mean of blood creatinine was within normal limits (case group: 0.9 ± 0.17mg/dl and control group: 0.7 ± 0.19 mg/dl), but there were significant differences between them (p : 0.015). Conclusions: The results of a complete blood count, cholinesterase, and renal function in the organophosphate sprayers In Kulonprogro were within normal limits. There was an increase of creatinine levels on exposed group significantly, although still within normal limit. They have sufficient rest period for farmers (1 month) in every planting season. It is necessary to educate farmers about the importance of using PPE and management of acute pesticide poisoning.

Serum Concentration of Thyroid Hormones Long-Term After Sulfur Mustard Exposure

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sakine MOAIEDMOHSENI ◽  
Tooba GHAZANFARI ◽  
Ensie Sadat MIRSHARIF ◽  
Nayere ASKARI ◽  
Zuhair MOHAMMAD HASSAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
Sulfur Mustard ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Exposed Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Gene Expressions ◽  
Historical Cohort ◽  
And Control

Background: Despite several reports on the clinical manifestations of sulfur mustard (SM) intoxication, there is no study on serum concentrations of thyroid hormones long-term after SM exposure. In this study, the changes in thyroid functioning parameters 20 yr after SM exposure were evaluated. Methods: This study is a part of a larger historical cohort study conducted in 2007 following 20 years of the exposure to SM, called Sardasht–Iran cohort study (SICS). We (SICS) comprised an SM–exposed group from Sardasht City, West Azerbaijan Province, Iran (n=169 as hospitalized group and n=203 as non-hospitalized exposed group); and control participants were selected from Rabat, a town near Sardasht (n=126). Peripheral blood samples were taken in fasting state and then the sera were separated. T4, T3, TSH, antithyroglobulin (anti–Tg), and antithyroid peroxidase (anti–TPO) concentrations in the sera were measured by the ELISA method. Results: The mean of T3 concentration was significantly higher in the exposed than control group (0.88 ± 0.26 nmol/L vs 0.8 ± 0.25 nmol/L, P<0.001). The levels of TSH, T4, and T3up were not significantly different between the exposed and control groups. Thyroglobulin level was significantly higher in the exposed non-hospitalized group (56.07 ± 140.22 µg/L vs 17.66 ± 41.49 µg/L, P=0.004), but the level of anti–Tg and anti–TPO showed no significant differences between the two groups. Conclusion: More studies are needed on the alterations in thyroid hormones, their gene expressions, and mechanisms involved in SM exposure to clarify the causes of these alterations.

scholarly journals Musculoskeletal Symptoms among the Brick Kiln Workers of Kathmandu Valley

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-11
Author(s):  
Tanweer Mikrani ◽  
Naresh Manandhar ◽  
Sunil Kumar Joshi
Keyword(s):  
Exposed Group ◽  
Musculoskeletal Symptoms ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Kathmandu Valley ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Brick Kiln ◽  
Musculoskeletal Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Brick Kilns ◽  
And Control

Background: Brick kilns may pose threat to the environment and health of the workers and people residing around them. Health problems related to brick kilns are musculoskeletal, respiratory, digestive system, nutritional and skin disorders. Objective of this study was to find out the prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms (problems) among brick kiln workers of Kathmandu valley. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted in the brick kilns of Kathmandu valley from February to April 2015. Two hundred (200) workers were selected randomly from the sampled brick kilns of Kathmandu Valley as the exposed group and the equal number of grocery vendors from the surroundings of the brick kilns was included as the control group in term of exposure to ergonomic hazards. The data was collected using Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire. Results: A majority of the respondents were Hindu by religion. The mean age of exposed group was 30.75 years and 33.25 years for control group. Male female ratios were 2.39:1 and 1.94:1 in exposed and control groups respectively. The highest prevalence of musculoskeletal problem was found on Shoulders followed by Lower back, Knee and Neck for exposed group. Conclusion: All musculoskeletal problems were significantly different between exposed and control groups. Compared to the control groups, brick kiln workers had almost 8 times more likely to experience shoulder problem and 7 times more low back pain. All musculoskeletal symptoms at any time during last 12 months were found higher in exposed group compared to the control group, which was statistically significant.

scholarly journals COMPARISON OF PATIENTS WITH MALIGNANT OR BENIGN LARYNGEAL LESIONS AND HEALTHY INDIVDUALS IN TERMS OF HEMATOLOGICAL INFLAMMATORY PARAMETERS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
BİLAL SİZER ◽  
Ümit Yılmaz ◽  
Vefa Kınış
Keyword(s):  
Study Data ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Severe Dysplasia ◽  
Inflammatory Parameters ◽  
Laryngeal Lesion ◽  
Normal Individuals ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Benign Laryngeal Lesions ◽  
And Control

Purpose: Recent studies have shown a relationship between cancer and inflammatory response. The aim of this study is to compare NLR and PLR values, which are inflammatory parameters, in precancerous and cancerous lesions and to determine whether there is a parameter that can be used in the early diagnosis of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Methods:174 patients who were benign as a result of pathology, 122 patients who were malignant, 39 patients who were premalignant (335 patients in total) and 117 normal individuals were included in the study. Data groups were divided into 4 groups as Benign Laryngeal Lesion(BLL), Precancerous Laryngeal Lesion(PLL), Malignant Laryngeal Lesion(MLL) and Control Group(CG). In addition, the PLL group was subdivided into Mild Dysplasia(MiD), Moderate Dysplasia(MoD) and Severe dysplasia-carcinoma in situ (SeD/CIS). NLR, PLR and other parameters were calculated. Results: NLR and PLR values were significantly different between the groups. (p = 0.000, p = 0.002) The mean NLR was higher in the MLL and PLL groups, and was lower in the BLL and control groups. The mean PLR was also higher in the MLL and PLL groups. When the groups were compared in pairs, there was a significant difference between BLL and MLL (p = 0.001) and MLL and CG.(p = 0.006) The PLL group was subdivided into MiD, MoD and SeD / CIS. There was a significant difference in NLR when CG and other subgroups were compared.(p = 0.027) Significant differences were found between CG and SeD when the groups were compared in pairs.(p = 0.007) There was no significant difference between the groups in terms of PLR and dysplasia.(P = 0.516) Conclusion: As revealed in this study, these rates were low in the CG and BLL groups and high in the MLL group, so they could be used as markers to differentiate malignant lesions.

scholarly journals The correlation between exposure to cigarette smoke and the degree of mucosal epithelium-based dysplasia in Rattus norvegicus tongues

2019 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 187
Author(s):  
Dorisna Prijaryanti ◽  
Diah Savitri Ernawati ◽  
Desiana Radithia ◽  
Hening Tuti Hendarti ◽  
Rosnah Binti Zain
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Cigarette Smoke ◽  
Rattus Norvegicus ◽  
Staining Technique ◽  
Epithelial Dysplasia ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Severe Dysplasia ◽  
Research Subjects ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Carcinogenic Substances

Background: Cigarette smoke contains various carcinogenic substances such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and nitrosamines. These chemicals not only have the potential to damage DNA, but can also induce genetic mutations and activate genes that function during apoptosis. Thus, if the gene is dysregulated, it will cause cells to survive, proliferate and subsequently lead to the development of cancerous ones. Histologically, the carcinogenic process affecting the oral cavity starts with hyperplasia and dysplasia, followed by severe dysplasia then leading to invasive cancer and metastatic processes in other bodies. Purpose: This study aims to reveal the correlation between exposure to cigarette smoke and the degree of epithelial dysplasia evident in research subjects. Methods: This study used 27 samples of Rattus norvegicus tongue, divided into three groups, namely; a control group, a treatment group subjected to four weeks’ exposure to cigarette smoke, and a treatment group subjected to exposure lasting eight weeks. Each rat was placed in an individual chamber and exposed to smoke from 20 cigarettes introduced by a pump via a pipe for 7.5 minutes. The degree of epithelial dysplasia in each case was subsequently observed microscopically using HE staining technique. Results: Mild epithelial dysplasia increased by 0.82%, during the fourth week of exposure to cigarette smoke and by 2.99% during the eighth week. Similarly, moderate epithelial dysplasia rose by 5.29% during the fourth week of exposure and 5.99% during the eighth week. Severe epithelial dysplasia also increased by 2.2% during the fourth week of exposure and by 2.66% during the eighth week. Conclusion: The longer the exposure to cigarette smoke, the higher the degree of ensuing dysplasia.

Effects of ovulation induction on ovarian morphology: an animal study

2004 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 600-606 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ç. ÇELIK ◽  
K. Gezginç ◽  
M. Aktan ◽  
A. Acar ◽  
S. T. Yaman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cyst ◽  
Ovulation Induction ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Malignant Lesion ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group 13 ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Nuclear Polymorphism ◽  
And Control ◽  
Chromatin Density

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to investigate whether the ovulation induction has relation with postneoplastic lesions.Materials and methodsSeventy-eight female, 90-day-old rats were enrolled for the trial. They were divided into three groups. In the first group, 13 rats received one cycle of ovulation induction with Follitropin Beta and human chorionic gonadotropin. The second group of 13 rats received three cycles of ovulation induction, and the third study group consisted of 13 rats which received six cycles of ovulation induction. Each group had a control group consisting of same number of rats that had not received ovulation induction. At the 12th month after the ovulation induction protocols ended, rat ovaries were extirpated for histopathological examination. In histopathological examination, malignant lesions, ovarian cyst and cyst diameter, epithelial stratification, epithelial tufting, mitotic index, polymorphism of epithelial cells and nucleus, epithelial cell nuclear diameter, chromatin density nuclear atypia, and mitotic activity in ovarian cyst epithelium were evaluated.ResultsNo malignant ovarian lesion was found in the three groups. Ovarian cyst development was most frequent in the rats that underwent six cycles of ovulation induction. Epithelial stratification and tufting were most frequent in the rats which underwent ovulation induction six times. Significant difference was found between induction and control groups in second and third groups for cellular and nuclear polymorphism, presence of nucleolus, and nuclear chromatin density.ConclusionsAlthough development of malignant lesion were not found in any of the rat ovaries after ovulation induction, increase in the prevalence of epithelial dysplasia especially with increase in the number of induction cycles shows that some ovarian pathologies can occur subsequent to ovulation induction.

scholarly journals Rate of tuberculosis infection in children and adolescents with household contact with adults with active pulmonary tuberculosis as assessed by tuberculin skin test and interferon-gamma release assays

2015 ◽  
Vol 144 (4) ◽  
pp. 712-723 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. G. FERRARINI ◽  
F. G. SPINA ◽  
L. Y. WECKX ◽  
H. M. LEDERMAN ◽  
M. I. De MORAES-PINTO
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Tuberculin Skin Test ◽  
Skin Test ◽  
Interferon Gamma ◽  
Exposed Group ◽  
Tuberculosis Infection ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Interferon Gamma Release Assays ◽  
And Control

SUMMARYTuberculosis (TB) infection was evaluated in Brazilian immunocompetent children and adolescents exposed and unexposed (control group) to adults with active pulmonary TB. Both groups were analysed by clinical and radiological assessment, TST, QFT-IT and T-SPOT.TB. The three tests were repeated after 8 weeks in the TB-exposed group if results were initially negative. Individuals with latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) were treated and tests were repeated after treatment. Fifty-nine TB-exposed and 42 controls were evaluated. Rate of infection was 69·5% and 9·5% for the exposed and control groups, respectively. The exposed group infection rate was 61% assessed by TST, 57·6% by T-SPOT.TB, and 59·3%, by QFT-IT. No active TB was diagnosed. Agreement between the three tests was 83·1% and 92·8% in the exposed and control groups, respectively. In the exposed group, T-SPOT.TB added four TB diagnoses [16%, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1·6–30·4] and QFT-IT added three TB diagnoses (12%, 95% CI 0–24·7) in 25 individuals with negative tuberculin skin test (TST). Risk factors associated to TB infection were contact with an adult with active TB [0–60 days: odds ratio (OR) 6·9; >60 days: OR 27·0] and sleeping in the same room as an adult with active TB (OR 5·2). In Brazilian immunocompetent children and adolescents, TST had a similar performance to interferon-gamma release assays and detected a high rate of LTBI.

scholarly journals A comparative study of efficacy of letrozole and clomiphene citrate for ovulation induction

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 4133
Author(s):  
Shaveta Jain ◽  
Pushpa Dahiya ◽  
Jyoti Yadav ◽  
Nitin Jain
Keyword(s):  
Pregnancy Rate ◽  
Ovulation Induction ◽  
Endometrial Thickness ◽  
Clomiphene Citrate ◽  
Primary Treatment ◽  
Ovulation Rate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Follicle Size ◽  
And Control

Background: This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of letrozole as an ovulation inducing agent and to compare it with clomiphene citrate (CC) in infertile women.Methods: This study includes 100 women referred to gynecology OPD of Pt. B.D Sharma, PGIMS, Rohtak with   infertility due to dysovulation. The patients were divided in two groups each comprised of 50 patients, Alternate women were enrolled in study group (Letrozole). Ultrasonic follicular monitoring was done on day 10, 12, 14, 16 of menstrual cycle to measure the number, size of mature follicles. Endometrial thickness and trilaminar pattern of endometrium was compared in between the groups. Inj. Gonadotrophin (hCG) was given as a trigger intramuscularly when follicle size was between 18 to 21mm. After 36 hours of hCG administration ovulation was confirmed on ultrasound.Results: Mean age, parity, and the duration of infertility were similar in both groups. Ovulation rate was 81.6% in letrozole group and was higher than control group(p<.01). The average number of follicles in the control group was 1.90±0.77and 1.17±0.47 in the study group(p<.001). Endometrial thickness in the study group was 7.55±1.12mm and in the control group it was 6.06±0.87(p<.01). Pregnancy rate in study group was 48 % and control group 16%(p<.05).Conclusions: Aromatase inhibitors (Letrozole) is a new group of drugs to join the arsenal of infertility treatments. The result of this preliminary study suggests that letrozole is associated with higher ovulation rate, higher endometrial thickness and trilaminar pattern thus resulting in higher pregnancy rate. Clomiphene citrate may be replaced by letrozole as primary treatment for ovulation induction in infertile patients.

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