Therapeutic Effects ofCortex acanthopanacisAqueous Extract on Bone Metabolism of Ovariectomized Rats

The aim of this study was to evaluate effects of aqueous extract fromCortex acanthopanacis(CAE) on osteoporosis rats induced by ovariectomy (OVX) using aqueous extract fromFolium Epimedii(FEE) as positive control agent. Three-month-old female rats that underwent OVX were treated with CAE. After 12 weeks, bone mineral density (BMD) and indices of bone histomorphometry of tibia were measured. Levels of protein and mRNA expression of osteoprotegerin (OPG) and receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL) in tibia were evaluated. In addition, the serum concentrations of osteocalcin (OC), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), calcitonin (CT), and parathyroid hormone (PTH) were determined. Administration of CAE significantly prevented OVX-induced rats from gain of the body weight. Treatment with CAE increased bone mass remarkably and showed a significant inhibitory effect on bone resorption by downregulating significantly the expression of RANKL in tibia of OVX rats. Meanwhile, treatment of CAE significantly reduced serum level of IL-1βand increased level of CT in OVX rats. This suggests that CAE has the potential to be used as an alternative therapeutic agent for postmenopausal osteoporosis.

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Short- and long-term effects of calcium and exercise on bone mineral density in ovariectomized rats

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1079/bjn2001428 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 86 (4) ◽

pp. 521-527 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Joseé Gala ◽

Manuel Di´az-curiel ◽

Concepcioó de la Piedra ◽

Jesu´s Calero

Keyword(s):

Bone Mineral Density ◽

Bone Loss ◽

Bone Mineral ◽

Exercise Programme ◽

Female Rats ◽

Ovariectomized Rats ◽

Standard Diet ◽

Mineral Density ◽

Left Femur ◽

Ovx Rats

At the level of prevention of bone mineral loss produced by ovariectomy, the aim of the present study was to determine the effect produced by supplementation of Ca in the diet and a moderate exercise programme (treadmill), simultaneously or separately, in ovariectomized rats, an experimental model of postmenopausal bone loss. Female Wistar rats (n110, 15 weeks old) were divided into five groups: (1) OVX, rats ovariectomized at 15 weeks of age, fed a standard diet; (2) SHAM, rats sham operated at 15 weeks of age, fed a standard diet; (3) OVX–EX, ovariectomized rats, fed a standard diet and performing the established exercise programme; (4) OVX–Ca, ovariectomized rats fed a diet supplemented with Ca; (5) OVX–EXCa, ovariectomized rats with the exercise programme and diet supplemented with Ca. The different treatments were initiated 1 week after ovariectomy and were continued for 13 weeks for subgroup 1 and 28 weeks for subgroup 2, to look at the interaction of age and time passed from ovariectomy on the treatments. Bone mineral density (BMD) was determined, at the end of the study, in the lumbar spine (L2, L3 and L4) and in the left femur using a densitometer. Bone turnover was also estimated at the end of the study, measuring the serum formation marker total alkaline phosphatase (AP) and the resorption marker serum tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP). As expected, OVX rats showed a significant decrease (P<0·05) in BMD, more pronounced in subgroup 2, and a significant increase in AP and TRAP with regard to their respective SHAM group. The simultaneous treatment with Ca and exercise produced the best effects on lumbar and femoral BMD of ovariectomized rats, partially avoiding bone loss produced by ovariectomy, although it was not able to fully maintain BMD levels of intact animals. This combined treatment produced a significant increase in AP, both in subgroups 1 and 2, and a decrease in TRAP in subgroup 1, with regard to OVX group. The exercise treatment alone was able to produce an increase in BMD with regard to OVX group only in subgroup 1 of rats (younger animals and less time from ovariectomy), but not in subgroup 2. In agreement with this, there was an increase of AP in both subgroups, lower than that observed in animals submitted to exercise plus Ca supplement, and a decrease of TRAP in subgroup 1, without significant changes in this marker in the older rats. Ca treatment did not produce any significant effect on BMD in OVX rats in both subgroups of animals, showing a decrease of AP and TRAP levels in the younger animals with no significant variations in markers of bone remodelling in the older female rats compared with their respective OVX group.

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High-impact exercise strengthens bone in osteopenic ovariectomized rats with the same outcome as Sham rats

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/japplphysiol.00781.2002 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 95 (3) ◽

pp. 1032-1037 ◽

Cited By ~ 49

Author(s):

Akiko Honda ◽

Naota Sogo ◽

Seigo Nagasawa ◽

Takuya Shimizu ◽

Yoshihisa Umemura

Keyword(s):

Bone Mass ◽

Female Rats ◽

Ovariectomized Rats ◽

Middle Aged ◽

Mineral Density ◽

Beneficial Effects ◽

Ovx Rats ◽

Jump Exercise ◽

Body Weights ◽

The Right

The effect of jump exercise on middle-aged osteopenic rats was investigated. Forty-two 9-mo-old female rats were either sham-operated (Sham) or ovariectomized (OVX). Three months after surgery, the rats were divided into the following groups: Sham sedentary, Sham exercised, OVX sedentary, and OVX exercised. Rats in the exercise groups jumped 10 times/day, 5 days/wk, for 8 wk, with a jumping height of 40 cm. Less than 1 min was required for the jump training. After the experiment, the right tibia and femur were dissected, and blood was obtained from each rat. OVX rats were observed to have increased body weights and decreased bone mass in their tibiae and femurs. Jump-exercised rats, on the other hand, had significantly increased tibial bone mass, strength, and cortical areas. The bone mass and strength of OVX exercised rats increased to approximately the same extent as Sham exercised rats, despite estrogen deficiency or osteopenia. Our data suggest that jump exercise has beneficial effects on lower limb bone mass, strength, bone mineral density, and morphometry in middle-aged osteopenic rats, as well as in Sham rats.

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Preventive and Therapeutic Effects of Acupuncture on Bone Mass in Osteopenic Ovariectomized Rats

The American Journal of Chinese Medicine ◽

10.1142/s0192415x04002089 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 32 (03) ◽

pp. 427-443 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Wenping Zhang ◽

Masayuki Kanehara ◽

Torao Ishida ◽

Yi Guo ◽

Xiuyun Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lumbar Vertebrae ◽

Ovariectomized Rats ◽

Control Group ◽

Acupuncture Points ◽

Therapeutic Effects ◽

Mineral Density ◽

Bone Formation Rate ◽

Trabecular Thickness ◽

Ovx Rats ◽

Model Control

This study was designed to (1) test the preventive and therapeutic effects of acupuncture on osteopenia in ovariectomized (OVX) rats, and (2) assess whether treatment of different acupuncture points causes different effects on tibiae, femora or lumbar spines. Thirty-five female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups: Sham (sham-operated, non-acupuncture); Model (OVX, non-acupuncture); Acp-A [OVX, bilateral needling of points Tsu-San-Li (ST-36) and San-Yin- Chiao (SP-6)]; and Acp-B (OVX, bilateral needling of P'i-Shu (Bl-20) and Shen Shu (Bl-23)). Operations were performed at 8 weeks of age, 1 week later the study was started and continued for 16 weeks. Ovariectomy resulted in decreased bone mineral density (BMD) compared to the sham group over time, and Acp-A tended to have higher BMD than the other OVX groups, especially for tibiae. In addition, the bone ash weight of the Acp groups tended to be heavier than the model group. Deoxypyridinoline, the urinary marker of bone resorption, also appeared to be decreased in both acupuncture groups. Similarly, microarchitecture and bone morphometry of lumbar vertebrae and tibiae, such as bone volume, trabecular thickness, trabecular number, mineralizing surface, bone formation rate, mineral apposition rate, number of nodes and number of node-terminus struts, also showed the same improvement in the acupuncture groups as compared to the model control group. Our findings showed that acupuncture may prevent the development of osteopenia in rats induced by ovariectomy. Needling of Tsu-San-Li (ST-36) and San-Yin- Chiao (SP-6) seems more effective than needling of P'i-Shu (Bl-20) and Shen Shu (Bl-23) in bone anabolic regulation.

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Prenylated Isoflavonoids-Rich Extract of Erythrinae Cortex Exerted Bone Protective Effects by Modulating Gut Microbial Compositions and Metabolites in Ovariectomized Rats

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13092943 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (9) ◽

pp. 2943

Author(s):

Hui-Hui Xiao ◽

Xueli Yu ◽

Chen Yang ◽

Chi-On Chan ◽

Lu Lu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bone Microarchitecture ◽

Cathepsin K ◽

Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽

Female Rats ◽

Ovariectomized Rats ◽

Protective Effects ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Mineral Density ◽

Beneficial Effects ◽

Ovx Rats

Flavonoids, found in a wide variety of foods and plants, are considered to play an important role in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. Our previous studies demonstrated that Erythrina cortex extract (EC) rich in prenylated isoflavonoids exerted bone protective effects in ovariectomized (OVX) rats. The present study aimed to investigate the interactions of gut microbiota with the EC extract to explore the underlying mechanisms involved in its beneficial effects on bone. Sprague-Dawley female rats of 3-months-old were ovariectomized and treated with EC extract for 12 weeks. EC extract reversed ovariectomy-induced deterioration of bone mineral density and bone microarchitecture as well as downregulated cathepsin K (Ctsk) and upregulated runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in the tibia of OVX rats. Its protective effects on bone were correlated with changes in microbial richness and the restorations of several genera. EC increased the serum circulating levels of acetate and propionate in OVX rats. We conclude that the bone protective effects of EC extract were associated with the changes in microbial compositions and serum short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in OVX rats.

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Nascent EDHF-mediated cerebral vasodilation in ovariectomized rats is not induced by eNOS dysfunction

AJP Heart and Circulatory Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpheart.00439.2003 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 285 (5) ◽

pp. H2045-H2053 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

H. L. Xu ◽

R. A. Santizo ◽

V. L. Baughman ◽

D. A. Pelligrino

Keyword(s):

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Female Rats ◽

Male Rats ◽

Ovariectomized Rats ◽

Partial Recovery ◽

Inhibitory Peptide ◽

No Donor ◽

Ovx Rats ◽

Cerebral Vasodilation ◽

Arteriolar Tone

In estrogen-depleted [i.e., ovariectomized (Ovx)] animals, an endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF)-like mechanism may arise to, at least partially, replace endothelial nitric oxide (NO) synthase (eNOS)-derived NO in modulating cerebral arteriolar tone. Additional findings show that eNOS expression and function is restored in estrogen-treated Ovx female rats, while the nascent EDHF-like activity disappears. Because NO has been linked to repression of EDHF activity in the periphery, the current study was undertaken to examine whether the nascent EDHF role in cerebral vessels of Ovx females relates to a chronically repressed eNOS-derived NO-generating function. We compared the effects of chronic NOS inhibition with Nω-nitro-l-arginine-methyl ester (l-NAME; 100 mg · kg–1 · day–1 for 3 wk) on EDHF-mediated pial arteriolar vasodilation in anesthetized intact, Ovx, and 17β-estradiol-treated (0.1 mg · kg–1 · day–1 ip, 1 wk) Ovx (OVE) female rats as well as in male rats that were prepared with closed cranial windows. In the chronic NOS inhibition groups, pial arteriolar responses were monitored in the absence (all groups) and presence (females only) of indomethacin (Indo; 10 mg/kg iv). Finally, the gap junction inhibitory peptide Gap 27 (300 μM) was applied to block EDHF-related vasodilation. NO donor ( S-nitroso- N-acetyl-penicillamine) responses were similar in all rats studied. Acetylcholine (ACh) reactivity was virtually absent in control Ovx rats and chronically NOS-inhibited intact female, OVE, and male rats. However, a partial recovery of ACh reactivity was seen in l-NAME-treated Ovx females. In addition, in the presence of l-NAME, a normal CO2 reactivity was observed in all females, whereas a 50% reduction in CO2 reactivity was seen in males. In intact and OVE rats, both chronic and acute ( NG-nitro-l-arginine suffusion) NOS inhibition, combined with Indo, depressed ADP-induced dilation by ≥50%, and subsequent application of Gap 27 had no further effect on ADP-induced vasodilation. ADP reactivity was retained in Ovx rats after combined chronic NOS inhibition and acute Indo, but was attenuated significantly by Gap 27. In males, Gap 27 had no effect on arteriolar reactivity. Taken together, our data demonstrate that in the cerebral microcirculation, NO does not have an inhibitory effect on EDHF production or action. The increased EDHF-like function in chronic estrogen-depleted animals is not due to eNOS deficiency, suggesting a more direct effect of estrogen in modulating EDHF-mediated cerebral vasodilation.

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Estrogenic Activity Produced by Aqueous Extracts of Silkworm (Bombyx mori) Pupae in Ovariectomized Rats

The American Journal of Chinese Medicine ◽

10.1142/s0192415x10007683 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 38 (01) ◽

pp. 89-97 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Hyo-Jung Yang ◽

Jeong-Woong Lee ◽

So-Hyun Lee ◽

Jae-Sung Ryu ◽

Dong-Hoon Kwak ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bombyx Mori ◽

Estrogenic Activity ◽

The Body ◽

Female Rats ◽

Ovariectomized Rats ◽

Aqueous Extracts ◽

Ovx Rats ◽

Silkworm Pupae ◽

Body Weights ◽

Silkworm Bombyx Mori

This study examined the estrogenic activity produced by aqueous extracts of silkworm (Bombyx mori) pupae in ovariectomized (OVX) rats. The components of silkworm pupae were extracted in distilled water at room temperature for 6 hours. The ovaries of six-week old female rats were then bilaterally removed. One week after OVX, the animals were treated with 200, 400 or 600 mg/kg/day of silkworm pupae extracts. The body weights of the OVX rats increased remarkably compared to the control rats, however their relative uterus weights to body weights decreased significantly. Treatment with the aqueous extracts of silkworm pupae dramatically improved the decreased uterus weights of OVX rats, with the highest increase observed in treatment with 200 mg/kg/day of the aqueous extracts. Additionally, treatment with aqueous extracts (200 mg/kg/day) of silkworm pupae significantly elevated the serum 17β-estradiol contents of OVX rats when compared to the control animals. To examine the toxic effects of silkworm pupae on the hepatic functions of OVX rats, the levels of serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT) and glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT) were measured. The serum GOT and GPT levels did not change in response to the administration of aqueous extracts (200, 400 and 600 mg/kg/day) for 4-weeks. Taken together, these results suggest that the aqueous extracts of silkworm pupae may have estrogenic activity, which suggests that silkworm pupae may be useful in the prevention and/or treatment of menopausal disorders caused by deficiencies in female sexual hormones, including estrogen.

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Doping dose of salbutamol and exercise training: impact on the skeleton of ovariectomized rats

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/japplphysiol.01319.2006 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 103 (2) ◽

pp. 524-533 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

N. Bonnet ◽

N. Laroche ◽

H. Beaupied ◽

L. Vico ◽

E. Dolleans ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Female Athletes ◽

Bone Structure ◽

Bone Cell ◽

Female Rats ◽

Ovariectomized Rats ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Mineral Density ◽

Trabecular Thickness ◽

Ovx Rats ◽

Bone Quantity

Previous studies in healthy rats have demonstrated a deleterious bone impact of β-agonist treatment. The purpose of this study was to examine the trabecular and cortical effects of β2-agonists at doping dose on treadmill exercising rats with estrogen deficiency. Adult female rats were ovariectomized (OVX; n = 44) or sham operated ( n = 12). Then, OVX rats received a subcutaneous injection of salbutamol (SAB) or vehicle with (EXE) or without treadmill exercise for 10 wk. Bone mineral density (BMD) was analyzed by densitometry. Microcomputed tomography and histomorphometric analysis were performed to study trabecular bone structure and bone cell activities. After 10 wk, SAB rats presented a much more marked decrease of BMD and trabecular parameters. Exercise did not change the high level of bone resorption in OVX EXE SAB compared with OVX SAB group (both on COOH-terminal collagen cross-links and osteoclast number). These results confirm the deleterious effect of β2-agonists on bone quantity (femoral BMD gain: OVX EXE, +6.8%, vs. OVX EXE SAB, −1.8%; P < 0.01) and quality (−8.0% of femoral trabecular thickness in OVX EXE SAB vs. OVX EXE), indicating that SAB suppresses the effect of EXE in OVX rats. Furthermore, we notice that the slight beneficial effect of exercise was mainly localized in the tibia. These findings indicate the presence of a bone alteration threshold below which there is no more alteration in structural bone quantity and quality. The negative effects of SAB on bone observed in this study in trained rats may indicate potential complications in doping female athletes with exercise-induced amenorrhea.

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Effects of Kalsis, A Dietary Supplement, on Bone Metabolism in the Ovariectomized Rats

Journal of Osteoporosis ◽

10.1155/2012/639427 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2012 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Mercedes Montero ◽

Manuel Díaz-Curiel ◽

David Guede ◽

Jose Ramón Caeiro ◽

Marta Martín-Fernández ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bone Loss ◽

Group Treatment ◽

Food Supplement ◽

Female Rats ◽

Ovariectomized Rats ◽

Tartrate Resistant Acid Phosphatase ◽

Mineral Density ◽

Ovx Rats ◽

Carboxyterminal Telopeptide ◽

Trabecular Number

We studied the ability of Kalsis, a food supplement that contains selenium, citric acid, and vitamin E, to prevent the effects of ovariectomy on bone loss. Six-month-old, Wistar female rats were studied. Groups (n=12): SHAM: sham-operated rats; OVX: ovariectomized rats, treated with vehicle; OVX + Kalsis: ovariectomized rats treated with Kalsis (25 mg/kg/day) for 3 months. Bone mineral density (BMD) was determined by DXA in lumbar spine and femur. Computerized microtomography (μCT) in femur and serum osteocalcin (BGP), aminoterminal propeptide of procollagen I (PINP),β-isomer of carboxyterminal telopeptide of collagen I (CTX), and 5b isoenzyme of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) were performed. Treatment with Kalsis prevented BMD loss in OVX group.μCT showed a decrease in BV/TV, and trabecular number, and an increase in trabecular separation in OVX rats. Kalsis administration attenuated partially bone loss observed byμCT due to ovariectomy. BGP, PINP, and the resorption index (CTX/TRAP) were increased in OVX group. Treatment with Kalsis maintained this increase. The mechanism of action of this supplement is not through a decrease in bone remodelling rate. The antioxidant action of this food supplement, due to the synergism of all its components, as a cause of its beneficial effect is suggested.

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Intermittent administration sodium valproate has a protective effect on bone health in ovariectomized rats

10.21203/rs.3.rs-613756/v2 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Zhoushan Tao

Keyword(s):

Treatment Group ◽

Protective Effect ◽

Sodium Valproate ◽

Bone Health ◽

Female Rats ◽

Ovariectomized Rats ◽

Micro Ct ◽

Mineral Density ◽

Intermittent Administration ◽

Ovx Rats

Abstract Objective: the present work was aimed to evaluate the effect of different administration modes of sodium valproate(VPA) on bone strength, bone mass and bone mineral density in ovariectomized(OVX) rats and further investigation of the possible mechanism. Methods: 60 female SD rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: Sham group (Sham, n=15), OVX group (OVX, n=15), OVX rats received intermittent VPA treatment group(IVPA, n=15) and OVX rats received daily VPA treatment group(EVPA, n=15). After 12 weeks of treatment, the rats were sacrificed, and serum and femur samples were harvested. DEXA, Micro-CT, histology, biomechanical testing, biochemical index and western blot analysis were used to observe the therapeutic effect and explore the possible mechanism. Results: Micro-CT and DEXA analysis of bones revealed better BMD and higher BV/TV, Tb.Th, Tb.N, Conn. D and lower Tb.Sp at femoral metaphysis with evaluated in IVPA when compared with OVX and EVPA group(P＜0.05). Histological, fluorescent analysis and biological strength revealed more trabecular bone and higher relative mineral apposition rate, maximal load, elastic modulus and energy at break with evaluated in IVPA when compared with OVX and EVPA group(P＜0.05). The levels of P1NP, estrogen, CTX, TRAP5b and RANKL of IVPA group showed a significant increase when compared with the OVX and EVPA group(P＜0.05). We confirm adverse effects on protein expressions including Notch1, Jagged1, HEY1, Wnt 1, β‐catenin and RUNX2 following daily VPA treatment in OVX female rats. Conclusions: Our current study demonstrated that intermittent administration sodium valproate has a protective effect on bone health in ovariectomized rats and these effects may be achieved by activating Notch/Wnt/β-catenin/ RUNX2 signal axis.

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Combination treatment with pioglitazone and fenofibrate attenuates pioglitazone-mediated acceleration of bone loss in ovariectomized rats

Journal of Endocrinology ◽

10.1530/joe-11-0356 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 212 (2) ◽

pp. 179-186 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Rana Samadfam ◽

Malaika Awori ◽

Agnes Bénardeau ◽

Frieder Bauss ◽

Elena Sebokova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bone Loss ◽

Bone Mass ◽

Trabecular Bone ◽

Bone Mineral ◽

Combination Treatment ◽

Mass Gain ◽

Ovariectomized Rats ◽

Concomitant Treatment ◽

Mineral Density ◽

Ovx Rats

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) γ agonists, such as pioglitazone (Pio), improve glycemia and lipid profile but are associated with bone loss and fracture risk. Data regarding bone effects of PPARα agonists (including fenofibrate (Feno)) are limited, although animal studies suggest that Feno may increase bone mass. This study investigated the effects of a 13-week oral combination treatment with Pio (10 mg/kg per day)+Feno (25 mg/kg per day) on body composition and bone mass parameters compared with Pio or Feno alone in adult ovariectomized (OVX) rats, with a 4-week bone depletion period, followed by a 6-week treatment-free period. Treatment of OVX rats with Pio+Feno resulted in ∼50% lower fat mass gain compared with Pio treatment alone. Combination treatment with Pio+Feno partially prevented Pio-induced loss of bone mineral content (∼45%) and bone mineral density (BMD; ∼60%) at the lumbar spine. Similar effects of treatments were observed at the femur, most notably at sites rich in trabecular bone. At the proximal tibial metaphysis, concomitant treatment with Pio+Feno prevented Pio exacerbation of ovariectomy-induced loss of trabecular bone, resulting in BMD values in the Pio+Feno group comparable to OVX controls. Discontinuation of Pio or Feno treatment of OVX rats was associated with partial reversal of effects on bone loss or bone mass gain, respectively, while values in the Pio+Feno group remained comparable to OVX controls. These data suggest that concurrent/dual agonism of PPARγ and PPARα may reduce the negative effects of PPARγ agonism on bone mass.

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