Prenatal Characteristics of Infants with a Neuronal Migration Disorder: A National-Based Study

The development of the central nervous system is complex and includes dorsal and ventral induction, neuronal proliferation, and neuronal migration, organization, and myelination. Migration occurs in humans in early fetal life. Pathogenesis of malformations of the central nervous system includes both genetic and environmental factors. Few epidemiological studies have addressed the impact of prenatal exposures. All infants born alive and included in the Swedish Medical Birth Register 1980–1999 were included in the study. By linkage to the Patient Register, 820 children with a diagnosis related to a neuronal migration abnormality were identified. Through copies of referrals for computer tomography or magnetic resonance imaging of the brain, the diagnosis was confirmed in 17 children. Median age of the mothers was 29 years. At the start of pregnancy, four out of 17 women smoked. Almost half of the women had a body mass index that is low or in the lower range of average. All infants were born at term with normal birth weights. Thirteen infants had one or more concomitant diseases or malformations. Two infants were born with rubella syndrome. The impact of low maternal body mass index and congenital infections on neuronal migration disorders in infants should be addressed in future studies.

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Relationship between body mass index and simple visual reaction time in students of a medical college of Nepal

Journal of Physiological Society of Nepal ◽

10.3126/jpsn.v1i2.42286 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 14-18

Author(s):

Neeti Bhat ◽

Narayan Bahadur Mahotra ◽

Lava Shrestha ◽

Vibina Aryal ◽

Nirmala Rayamajhi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Central Nervous System ◽

Nervous System ◽

Reaction Time ◽

Body Mass ◽

The Body ◽

Visual Reaction Time ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Visual Reaction ◽

The Central Nervous System

Introduction: Obesity is a chronic condition with an increase in adipose tissues. It is known to affect various systems of body including the central nervous system. Reaction time is a measure of the integrity of the central nervous system which is an integrated voluntary response to a stimulus that includes receiving and processing of stimulus, drawing inference, and generating a motor response. This study was conducted with the objective of finding a relationship between body mass index, a measure of obesity and simple visual reaction time. Materials and methods: This cross-sectional analytical study was conducted on 60 participants aged 18-25 years. The body mass index of participants was calculated using Quetelet’s index, calculated by weight in kilograms divided by square of height in meter. Deary-Liewald reaction time task software version 3.10 was used to analyze their simple visual reaction time. Correlation of reaction time and body mass index was assessed using Pearson’s correlation test. Results: A weak positive correlation (r= 0.17) was observed between body mass index and simple visual reaction time but the correlation coefficient was not statistically significant (p=0.19). Conclusions: Slower visual reaction time with an increase in body mass index was noted. But the findings of current study were inadequate to deduce if any linear relationship exists between simple visual reaction time and body mass index.

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The variable monoaminergic outcomes of cleaner fish brains when facing different social and mutualistic contexts

PeerJ ◽

10.7717/peerj.4830 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 ◽

pp. e4830 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Murilo S. de Abreu ◽

João P.M. Messias ◽

Per-Ove Thörnqvist ◽

Svante Winberg ◽

Marta C. Soares

Keyword(s):

Central Nervous System ◽

Nervous System ◽

Social Behaviour ◽

Visual Assessment ◽

Physical Contact ◽

Specific Response ◽

Dopaminergic Activity ◽

Cleaner Fish ◽

The Central Nervous System ◽

The Impact

The monoamines serotonin and dopamine are important neuromodulators present in the central nervous system, known to be active regulators of social behaviour in fish as in other vertebrates. Our aim was to investigate the region-specific brain monoaminergic differences arising when individual cleaners face a client (mutualistic context) compared to when they are introduced to another conspecific (conspecific context), and to understand the relevance of visual assessment compared to the impact of physical contact with any partner. We demonstrated that serotoninergic activity at the diencephalon responds mostly to the absence of physical contact with clients whereas cerebellar dopaminergic activity responds to actual cleaning engagement. We provide first insights on the brain’s monoaminergic (region-specific) response variations, involved in the expression of cleaner fishes’ mutualistic and conspecific behaviour. These results contribute to a better understanding of the monoaminergic activity in accordance to different socio-behavioural contexts.

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Investigations of Neuronal Migration in the Central Nervous System

Cell Migration ◽

10.1385/1-59259-860-9:137 ◽

2004 ◽

pp. 137-156 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Michael E. Ward ◽

Yi Rao

Keyword(s):

Central Nervous System ◽

Nervous System ◽

Neuronal Migration ◽

The Central Nervous System

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Progress in Research on SARS-CoV-2 Infection Causing Neurological Diseases and Its Infection Mechanism

Frontiers in Neurology ◽

10.3389/fneur.2020.592888 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 ◽

Author(s):

Lintao Wang ◽

Zhiguang Ren ◽

Li Ma ◽

Yanjie Han ◽

Wenqiang Wei ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Central Nervous System ◽

Nervous System ◽

Neurological Diseases ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Neurological Complications ◽

Major Public Health Problem ◽

The Central Nervous System ◽

The Impact ◽

Great Harm

COVID-19 has spread rapidly worldwide since its outbreak and has now become a major public health problem. More and more evidence indicates that SARS-CoV-2 may not only affect the respiratory system but also cause great harm to the central nervous system. Therefore, it is extremely important to explore in-depth the impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection on the nervous system. In this paper, the possible mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 invading the central nervous system during COVID-19, and the neurological complications caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection were reviewed.

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Relation of insulin resistance to neurocognitive function and electroencephalography in obese children

Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism ◽

10.1515/jpem-2017-0186 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 30 (10) ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Onur Akın ◽

İbrahim Eker ◽

Mutluay Arslan ◽

Süleyman Tolga Yavuz ◽

Sevil Akman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Central Nervous System ◽

Nervous System ◽

Healthy Children ◽

Model Assessment ◽

Obese Children ◽

Neurocognitive Functions ◽

The Central Nervous System ◽

Biochemical Indices ◽

The Impact

AbstractBackground:Childhood obesity may lead to neuronal impairment in both the peripheral and the central nervous system. This study aimed to investigate the impact of obesity and insulin resistance (IR) on the central nervous system and neurocognitive functions in children.Methods:Seventy-three obese children (38 male and 35 female) and 42 healthy children (21 male and 21 female) were recruited. Standard biochemical indices and IR were evaluated. The Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised (WISC-R) and electroencephalography (EEG) were administered to all participants. The obese participants were divided into two groups based on the presence or absence of IR, and the data were compared between the subgroups.Results:Only verbal scores on the WISC-R in the IR+ group were significantly lower than those of the control and IR– groups. There were no differences between the groups with respect to other parameters of the WISC-R or the EEG. Verbal scores of the WISC-R were negatively correlated with obesity duration and homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) values. EEGs showed significantly more frequent ‘slowing during hyperventilation’ (SDHs) in obese children than non-obese children.Conclusions:Neurocognitive functions, particularly verbal abilities, were impaired in obese children with IR. An early examination of cognitive functions may help identify and correct such abnormalities in obese children.

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HLA-DRB1*1501 intensifies the impact of IL-6 promoter polymorphism on the susceptibility to multiple sclerosis in an Iranian population

Multiple Sclerosis Journal ◽

10.1177/1352458510376177 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 16 (10) ◽

pp. 1173-1177 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

M. Shahbazi ◽

H. Ebadi ◽

D. Fathi ◽

D. Roshandel ◽

M. Mohamadhosseni ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Multiple Sclerosis ◽

Central Nervous System ◽

Nervous System ◽

Promoter Polymorphism ◽

Exact Test ◽

Inflammatory Processes ◽

The Central Nervous System ◽

Pcr Method ◽

Multiple Sclerosis Patients ◽

The Impact

Background: The multifunctional cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6) is involved in inflammatory processes in the central nervous system. It is well documented that amount of IL-6 is increased in serum, cerebrospinal fluid and central nervous system lesions of patients with multiple sclerosis. A single nucleotide polymorphism at position -174 in the IL-6 gene promotor appears to influence IL-6 expression. Recently, several researchers have focused on HLA-DRB alleles, specifically HLA-DRB1*1501, as a potential risk allele in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis. Objective: To investigate the possible influence of IL-6/-174 polymorphisms on susceptibility to multiple sclerosis and its integration with HLA-DRB1*1501. Genomic DNA was extracted from whole blood of 345 patients with multiple sclerosis and 426 control subjects. Method: The SSP-PCR method was used to determine genotypes and Fisher’s exact test was applied to determine differences between groups. HLA-DRB1*1501 was observed more frequently among multiple sclerosis patients compared with healthy subjects (45% and 34%, respectively; OR = 1.6, 95% CI = 1.2—2.2, p = 0.0018). At the IL-6/-174 position, the G allele had higher frequency among multiple sclerosis patients compared with controls (77% and 70%, respectively; OR = 1.4, 95% CI = 1.1—1.8, p = 0.0038). This difference was more significant among HLA-DRB1*1501-positive patients and controls (81% and 67%, respectively; OR = 1.9, 95% CI = 1.5—2.5, p < 0.0001). Results: Our results have shown that the G allele at the IL-6/-174 promoter polymorphism may be associated with development of multiple sclerosis in this population, and may be strengthened by HLA-DRB1*1501. Conclusions: We suggest more studies to confirm these results in other populations.

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The impact of high and low dose ionising radiation on the central nervous system

Redox Biology ◽

10.1016/j.redox.2016.08.002 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

pp. 144-156 ◽

Cited By ~ 38

Author(s):

Calina Betlazar ◽

Ryan J. Middleton ◽

Richard B. Banati ◽

Guo-Jun Liu

Keyword(s):

Central Nervous System ◽

Nervous System ◽

Low Dose ◽

Ionising Radiation ◽

The Central Nervous System ◽

The Impact

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Neuroinflammation as Fuel for Axonal Regeneration in the Injured Vertebrate Central Nervous System

Mediators of Inflammation ◽

10.1155/2017/9478542 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2017 ◽

pp. 1-14 ◽

Cited By ~ 47

Author(s):

Ilse Bollaerts ◽

Jessie Van houcke ◽

Lien Andries ◽

Lies De Groef ◽

Lieve Moons

Keyword(s):

Central Nervous System ◽

Nervous System ◽

Axonal Regeneration ◽

Current Knowledge ◽

Cord Injury ◽

The Central Nervous System ◽

Novel Therapeutic Strategies ◽

The Impact ◽

Vertebrate Central Nervous System

Damage to the central nervous system (CNS) is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in elderly, as repair after lesions or neurodegenerative disease usually fails because of the limited capacity of CNS regeneration. The causes underlying this limited regenerative potential are multifactorial, but one critical aspect is neuroinflammation. Although classically considered as harmful, it is now becoming increasingly clear that inflammation can also promote regeneration, if the appropriate context is provided. Here, we review the current knowledge on how acute inflammation is intertwined with axonal regeneration, an important component of CNS repair. After optic nerve or spinal cord injury, inflammatory stimulation and/or modification greatly improve the regenerative outcome in rodents. Moreover, the hypothesis of a beneficial role of inflammation is further supported by evidence from adult zebrafish, which possess the remarkable capability to repair CNS lesions and even restore functionality. Lastly, we shed light on the impact of aging processes on the regenerative capacity in the CNS of mammals and zebrafish. As aging not only affects the CNS, but also the immune system, the regeneration potential is expected to further decline in aged individuals, an element that should definitely be considered in the search for novel therapeutic strategies.

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