scholarly journals A Six-Month Supplementation of Mulberry, Korean Red Ginseng, and Banaba Decreases Biomarkers of Systemic Low-Grade Inflammation in Subjects with Impaired Glucose Tolerance and Type 2 Diabetes

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.-J. Kim ◽  
K.-H. Yoon ◽  
M.-J. Kang ◽  
H.-W. Yim ◽  
K.-S. Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Impaired Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Adhesion Molecule ◽  
Glucose Homeostasis ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Mulberry Leaf ◽  
Low Grade Inflammation

We sought the long-term efficacy of traditionally used antidiabetic herbs in controlling blood glucose homeostasis and low-grade inflammation. Ninety-four subjects with either impaired glucose tolerance or mild T2D were randomized either to treatment arm or placebo arm and received 1 : 1 : 1 mixture of ginseng roots, mulberry leaf water extract, and banaba leaf water extract (6 g/d) for 24 weeks. Oral 75 g glucose tolerance test was performed to measure glucose and insulin responses. Blood biomarkers of low-grade inflammation were also determined. Results found no significant difference in glucose homeostasis control measure changes. However, plasma intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) concentration was decreased showing a significant between-treatment changes (P=0.037). The concentrations of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) (P=0.014) and ICAM-1 (P=0.048) were decreased in the treatment group at week 24, and the oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) concentration was reduced at week 24 compared to the baseline value in the treatment group (P=0.003). These results indicate a long-term supplementation of ginseng, mulberry leaf, and banaba leaf suppresses inflammatory responses in T2D.

scholarly journals Metabolic biomarker profiling for identification of susceptibility to severe pneumonia and COVID-19 in the general population

eLife ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Heli Julkunen ◽  
Anna Cichońska ◽  
P Eline Slagboom ◽  
Peter Würtz
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Disease Onset ◽  
Severe Pneumonia ◽  
Blood Sampling ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Metabolic Biomarkers ◽  
Low Grade Inflammation ◽  
Increased Susceptibility

Biomarkers of low-grade inflammation have been associated with susceptibility to a severe infectious disease course, even when measured prior to disease onset. We investigated whether metabolic biomarkers measured by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy could be associated with susceptibility to severe pneumonia (2507 hospitalised or fatal cases) and severe COVID-19 (652 hospitalised cases) in 105,146 generally healthy individuals from UK Biobank, with blood samples collected 2007–2010. The overall signature of metabolic biomarker associations was similar for the risk of severe pneumonia and severe COVID-19. A multi-biomarker score, comprised of 25 proteins, fatty acids, amino acids and lipids, was associated equally strongly with enhanced susceptibility to severe COVID-19 (odds ratio 2.9 [95%CI 2.1–3.8] for highest vs lowest quintile) and severe pneumonia events occurring 7–11 years after blood sampling (2.6 [1.7–3.9]). However, the risk for severe pneumonia occurring during the first 2 years after blood sampling for people with elevated levels of the multi-biomarker score was over four times higher than for long-term risk (8.0 [4.1–15.6]). If these hypothesis generating findings on increased susceptibility to severe pneumonia during the first few years after blood sampling extend to severe COVID-19, metabolic biomarker profiling could potentially complement existing tools for identifying individuals at high risk. These results provide novel molecular understanding on how metabolic biomarkers reflect the susceptibility to severe COVID-19 and other infections in the general population.

scholarly journals Circulating glucagon is associated with inflammatory mediators in metabolically compromised subjects

2011 ◽  
Vol 165 (4) ◽  
pp. 639-645 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco J Ortega ◽  
José M Moreno-Navarrete ◽  
Mónica Sabater ◽  
Wifredo Ricart ◽  
Gema Frühbeck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Acute Phase ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Complement Factor ◽  
Acute Phase Reactants ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Altered Glucose ◽  
Obese Subjects ◽  
Low Grade Inflammation

BackgroundAcute phase mediators promote metabolic changes by modifying circulating hormones. However, there is virtually no data about the link between glucagon and inflammatory parameters in obesity-related chronic low-grade inflammation.Study designWe performed both cross-sectional and longitudinal (diet-induced weight loss) studies.MethodsCirculating glucagon concentrations (ELISA), parameters of glucose and lipid metabolism, interleukin 6 (IL6), and complement factor B (CFB) were analyzed in 316 subjects (250 men and 66 women). The effects of weight loss were investigated in an independent cohort of 20 subjects.ResultsCirculating glucagon significantly correlated with glucose (r=0.407,P<0.0001), HbAlc (r=0.426,P<0.0001), fasting triglycerides (r=0.356,P=0.001), and parameters of innate immune response system such as IL6 (r=0.342,P=0.050) and CFB (r=0.404,P=0.002) in obese subjects with altered glucose tolerance, but not in individuals with normal glucose tolerance (NGT). In obese and NGT subjects, glucagon was associated with fasting triglycerides (r=0.475,P=0.003) and CFB (r=0.624,P=0.001). In obese subjects, glucagon (P=0.019) and CFB (P=0.002) independently contributed to 26% of fasting triglyceride variance (P<0.0001) after controlling for the effects of age and fasting serum glucose concentration in multiple lineal regression models. Moreover, concomitant with fat mass, fasting triglycerides, and CFB, weight loss led to significantly decreased circulating glucagon (−23.1%,P=0.004).ConclusionsAccording to the current results, acute phase reactants such as IL6 and CFB are associated with fasting glucagon in metabolically compromised subjects. This suggests that glucagon may be behind the association between inflammatory and metabolic parameters in obesity-associated chronic low-grade inflammation.

scholarly journals Adult offspring of high-fat diet-fed dams can have normal glucose tolerance and body composition

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 229-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. M. Platt ◽  
R. J. Charnigo ◽  
K. J. Pearson
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Impaired Glucose Tolerance ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
High Fat ◽  
High Fat Diets ◽  
Normal Glucose ◽  
Fat Diets

Maternal high-fat diet consumption and obesity have been shown to program long-term obesity and lead to impaired glucose tolerance in offspring. Many rodent studies, however, use non-purified, cereal-based diets as the control for purified high-fat diets. In this study, primiparous ICR mice were fed purified control diet (10–11 kcal% from fat of lard or butter origin) and lard (45 or 60 kcal% fat) or butter (32 or 60 kcal% fat)-based high-fat diets for 4 weeks before mating, throughout pregnancy, and for 2 weeks of nursing. Before mating, female mice fed the 32 and 60% butter-based high-fat diets exhibited impaired glucose tolerance but those females fed the lard-based diets showed normal glucose disposal following a glucose challenge. High-fat diet consumption by female mice of all groups decreased lean to fat mass ratios during the 4th week of diet treatment compared with those mice consuming the 10–11% fat diets. All females were bred to male mice and pregnancy and offspring outcomes were monitored. The body weight of pups born to 45% lard-fed dams was significantly increased before weaning, but only female offspring born to 32% butter-fed dams exhibited long-term body weight increases. Offspring glucose tolerance and body composition were measured for at least 1 year. Minimal, if any, differences were observed in the offspring parameters. These results suggest that many variables should be considered when designing future high-fat diet feeding and maternal obesity studies in mice.

scholarly journals Multiplex Bead Array Assay of a Panel of Circulating Cytokines and Growth Factors in Patients with Albuminuric and Non-Albuminuric Diabetic Kidney Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 3006
Author(s):  
Vadim V. Klimontov ◽  
Anton I. Korbut ◽  
Nikolai B. Orlov ◽  
Maksim V. Dashkin ◽  
Vladimir I. Konenkov
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factors ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Hs Crp ◽  
Low Grade Inflammation ◽  
Egfr Decline ◽  
Multiplex Bead ◽  
Circulating Cytokines

A panel of cytokines and growth factors, mediating low-grade inflammation and fibrosis, was assessed in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and different patterns of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Patients with long-term T2D (N = 130) were classified into four groups: no signs of CKD; estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <60 mL/min/1.73 m2 without albuminuria; albuminuria and eGFR ≥60 mL/min/1.73 m2; albuminuria and eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m2. Thirty healthy subjects were acted as control. Twenty-seven cytokines and growth factors were assessed in serum by multiplex bead array assay. Serum hs-CRP, urinary nephrin, podocine, and WFDC2 were measured by ELISA. Patients with T2D showed elevated IL-1Ra, IL-6, IL-17A, G-CSF, IP-10, MIP-1α, and bFGF levels; concentrations of IL-4, IL-12, IL-15, INF-γ, and VEGF were decreased. IL-6, IL-17A, G-CSF, MIP-1α, and bFGF correlated negatively with eGFR; IL-10 and VEGF demonstrated negative associations with WFDC2; no relationships with podocyte markers were found. Adjusted IL-17A and MIP-1α were predictors of non-albuminuric CKD, IL-13 predicted albuminuria with preserved renal function, meanwhile, IL-6 and hsCRP were predictors of albuminuria with eGFR decline. Therefore, albuminuric and non-albuminuric CKD in T2D patients are associated with different pro-inflammatory shifts in the panel of circulating cytokines.

scholarly journals Serum Calprotectin and Chemerin Concentrations as Markers of Low-Grade Inflammation in Prepubertal Children with Obesity

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (20) ◽  
pp. 7575 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grażyna Rowicka ◽  
Hanna Dyląg ◽  
Magdalena Chełchowska ◽  
Halina Weker ◽  
Jadwiga Ambroszkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Low Grade ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Prepubertal Children ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Normal Body Weight ◽  
Wbc Count ◽  
Low Grade Inflammation

In adults, obesity is associated with chronic low-grade inflammation, which may cause long-term adverse health consequences. We evaluated whether obesity in prepubertal children also generates this kind of inflammation and whether calprotectin and chemerin may be useful markers for early detection of such inflammation in this group of children. The study population included 83 children aged 2 to 10 years; 62 with obesity and without components of metabolic syndrome and 21 healthy controls with normal body weight. White blood cell (WBC) count, concentrations of C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), calprotectin, and chemerin were determined in peripheral blood. Our study showed that in the group with obesity, serum concentrations of calprotectin and chemerin, as well as CRP were significantly higher as compared with the controls. We found a significant positive correlation between serum chemerin concentrations and BMI z-score (r = 0.33, p < 0.01) in children with obesity. Chemerin concentration was also positively correlated with CRP level (r = 0.36, p < 0.01) in the whole group of children. These findings suggest that obesity may generate chronic low-grade inflammation as early as in the prepubertal period which can be indicated by significantly higher serum concentrations of calprotectin and chemerin. Calprotectin and especially chemerin seem to be promising indicators of this type of inflammation in children with obesity, but the correlation between these markers requires further research.

Impaired glucose tolerance: do pharmacological therapies correct the underlying metabolic disturbance?

2003 ◽  
Vol 3 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. S24-S40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralph A Defronzo
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Impaired Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Beta Cell Function ◽  
Diabetes Prevention ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Pharmacologic Therapy ◽  
Exercise Regimen

Lifestyle intervention prevents or delays the conversion from impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) to type 2 diabetes. However, many subjects fail to achieve and/or maintain long-term weight loss and to follow a regular exercise regimen may require pharmacologic therapy. Insulin resistance in liver, muscle and fat, along with impaired beta-cell function, plays a central role in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. Insulin sensitising drugs, including metformin and the thiazolidinediones, have significantly reduced the conversion rate of IGT to type 2 diabetes in subjects in several large, well designed clinical trials. Insulin-sensitising drugs are likely to play an important role in future strategies for diabetes prevention.

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