scholarly journals Antidiabetic Properties of Germinated Brown Rice: A Systematic Review

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mustapha Umar Imam ◽  
Nur Hanisah Azmi ◽  
Muhammad Iqbal Bhanger ◽  
Norsharina Ismail ◽  
Maznah Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Animal Experiments ◽  
Brown Rice ◽  
Important Variable ◽  
Germinated Brown Rice ◽  
Neuroprotective Effects ◽  
Preclinical And Clinical Studies ◽  
Antidiabetic Effects

Diet is an important variable in the course of type 2 diabetes, which has generated interest in dietary options like germinated brown rice (GBR) for effective management of the disease among rice-consuming populations.In vitrodata and animal experiments show that GBR has potentials as a functional diet for managing this disease, and short-term clinical studies indicate encouraging results. Mechanisms for antidiabetic effects of GBR due to bioactive compounds likeγ-aminobutyric acid (GABA),γ-oryzanol, dietary fibre, phenolics, vitamins, acylated sterylβ-glucoside, and minerals include antihyperglycemia, low insulin index, antioxidative effect, antithrombosis, antihypertensive effect, hypocholesterolemia, and neuroprotective effects. The evidence so far suggests that there may be enormous benefits for diabetics in rice-consuming populations if white rice is replaced with GBR. However, long-term clinical studies are still needed to verify these findings on antidiabetic effects of GBR. Thus, we present a review on the antidiabetic properties of GBR from relevant preclinical and clinical studies, in order to provide detailed information on this subject for researchers to review the potential of GBR in combating this disease.

scholarly journals Essential Oils as Treatment Strategy for Alzheimerʼs Disease: Current and Future Perspectives

Planta Medica ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 85 (03) ◽  
pp. 239-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anju Benny ◽  
Jaya Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Symptomatic Relief ◽  
Memory Loss ◽  
Clinical Trial Data ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Scientific Databases ◽  
Preclinical And Clinical Studies

AbstractAlzheimerʼs disease is a multifarious neurodegenerative disease that causes cognitive impairment and gradual memory loss. Several hypotheses have been put forward to postulate its pathophysiology. Currently, few drugs are available for the management of Alzheimerʼs disease and the treatment provides only symptomatic relief. Our aim is to review the relevant in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies focused toward the potential uses of essential oils in the treatment of Alzheimerʼs disease. Scientific databases such as PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and Google Scholar from April 1998 to June 2018 were explored to collect data. We have conducted wide search on various essential oils used in different models of Alzheimerʼs disease. Out of 55 essential oils identified for Alzheimerʼs intervention, 28 have been included in the present review. A short description of in vivo studies of 13 essential oils together with clinical trial data of Salvia officinalis, Salvia lavandulifolia, Melissa officinalis, Lavandula angustifolia, and Rosmarinus officinalis have been highlighted. In vitro studies of remaining essential oils that possess antioxidant and anticholinesterase potential are also mentioned. Our literary survey revealed encouraging results regarding the various essential oils being studied in preclinical and clinical studies of Alzheimerʼs disease with significant effects in modulating the pathology through anti-amyloid, antioxidants, anticholinesterase, and memory-enhancement activity.

scholarly journals Probiotics, Prebiotics and Synbiotics—A Promising Strategy in Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases?

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (24) ◽  
pp. 9737
Author(s):  
Beata Olas
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Dietary Components ◽  
Synbiotic Supplementation ◽  
Commercial Probiotics

Recent evidence suggests that probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics may serve as important dietary components in the prevention (especially) and treatment of cardiovascular diseases (CVD), but the recommendations for their use are often based on brief reports and small clinical studies. This review evaluates the current literature on the correlation between CVD and probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics. Although research on probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics has grown exponentially in recent years, particularly regarding the effect of probiotics on CVD, their mechanisms have not been clearly defined. It has been proposed that probiotics lower cholesterol levels, and may protect against CVD, by increasing bile salt synthesis and bile acid deconjugation. Similar effects have also been observed for prebiotics and synbiotics; however, probiotics also appear to have anti-oxidative, anti-platelet and anti-inflammatory properties. Importantly, probiotics not only have demonstrated effects in vitro and in animal models, but also in humans, where supplementation with probiotics decreases the risk factors of CVD. In addition, the properties of commercial probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics remain undetermined, and further experimental research is needed before these substances can be used in the prevention and treatment of CVD. In particular, well-designed clinical trials are required to determine the influence of probiotics on trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), which is believed to be a marker of CVDs, and to clarify the long-term effects, and action, of probiotic, prebiotic and synbiotic supplementation in combination with drug therapy (for example, aspirin). However, while it cannot be unequivocally stated whether such supplementation yields benefits in the prevention and treatment of CVDs, it is important to note that clinical studies performed to date have not identified any side-effects to use.

scholarly journals A Mechanistic Evaluation of Antioxidant Nutraceuticals on Their Potential against Age-Associated Neurodegenerative Diseases

Antioxidants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 1019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nur Zuliani Ramli ◽  
Mohamad Fairuz Yahaya ◽  
Ikuo Tooyama ◽  
Hanafi Ahmad Damanhuri
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Natural Antioxidants ◽  
Green Tea Polyphenols ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Gene Expressions ◽  
Neuroprotective Effects ◽  
Antioxidative Effects

Nutraceuticals have been extensively studied worldwide due to its neuroprotective effects in in vivo and in vitro studies, attributed by the antioxidative properties. Alzheimer (AD) and Parkinson disease (PD) are the two main neurodegenerative disorders that are discussed in this review. Both AD and PD share the similar involvement of oxidative stress in their pathophysiology. Nutraceuticals exert their antioxidative effects via direct scavenging of free radicals, prevent damage to biomolecules, indirectly stimulate the endogenous antioxidative enzymes and gene expressions, inhibit activation of pro-oxidant enzymes, and chelate metals. In addition, nutraceuticals can act as modulators of pro-survival, pro-apoptotic, and inflammatory signaling pathways. They have been shown to be effective particularly in preclinical stages, due to their multiple mechanisms of action in attenuating oxidative stress underlying AD and PD. Natural antioxidants from food sources and natural products such as resveratrol, curcumin, green tea polyphenols, and vitamin E are promising therapeutic agents in oxidative stress-mediated neurodegenerative disease as they have fewer adverse effects, more tolerable, cheaper, and sustainable for long term consumption.

scholarly journals Mini Review Efek Hipokolesterolemik Germinated Brown Rice terhadap Penurunan Risiko Penyakit Kardiovaskular

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 53
Author(s):  
Luh Desi Puspareni
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Open Access ◽  
Animal Experiments ◽  
Brown Rice ◽  
Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Hypocholesterolemic Effect ◽  
Electronic Database ◽  
Germinated Brown Rice ◽  
Background Diet ◽  
Management Of Nutrition

Background: Diet is an important factor in cardiovascular disease. Germinated brown rice (GBR) can be used as a dietary option in the management of cardiovascular disease. Invitro data and animal experiments show that GBR has a hypocholesterolemic effect that can reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease. Objective:. to explore the hypocolesterolemic effects of GBR as an effort to manage nutrition to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease and the potential for GBR as part of the management of nutrition in cardiovascular disease. Methods: This study uses the literature review method. Artukel selection uses an electronic database in the form of Scopus, ScienceDirect, Open Access Library (OALIB), Google Scholar, and Pubmed. Publication searches are conducted with restrictions between 2013 and 2015. Result : Invitro data and animal experiments show that GBR has a hypocholesterolemic effect that can reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease. GBR bioactive compounds such as am-aminobutyric acid (GABA), γ-oryzanol, dietary fiber, phenolics, vitamins, and acylated steryl β-glucoside can be used as lipid profiles, increased gene related to consumption, and increased lipolysis. Conclusion: consumption of GBR can reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease.

scholarly journals Improvement of roasted germinated brown rice flour processing using ergothioneine to limit oxidation during processing and preservation

Food Research ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (S1) ◽  
pp. 94-102
Author(s):  
H.T. Truc ◽  
P.Q. Trung ◽  
N.T.L. Ngoc ◽  
N.D.T. Binh ◽  
L.N.D. Duy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brown Rice ◽  
Rice Flour ◽  
Fat Oxidation ◽  
Absorption Capacity ◽  
Germinated Brown Rice ◽  
Sugar Absorption ◽  
The People ◽  
Brown Rice Flour

Roasting temperature and time are important parameters in the process of roasted germinated brown rice flour (RGBRF), which cause the loss of bioactive ingredients and sensory value of the product. During roasting and storage, fat oxidation is also one of the problems that reduce the quality of RGBRF. In order to complete the RGBRF process, experiments using different temperature and time as 160oC, 200oC, 240oC for 10 to 30 mins were done to find the best roasting conditions. To limit the oxidation of fat during the processing and preserving RGBRF, ergothioneine (ERG) extract from enoki mushroom were supplemented at 3%, 5%, 7% and 10% (w/w) before roasted, the product was then ground and put into two types of packaging (PA and aluminum), vacuum seamed and stored at room temperature for 8 weeks were carried out. The results showed that germinated brown rice (GBR) which supplemented 3% of the extract before roasted at 200oC for 30 mins showed the best quality in term of sensory value, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) content and helped to limit fat oxidation as well as maintained stable quality after 8 weeks of storage in PA and aluminum packaging. In addition, the results from in vitro of starch resistance and in vivo of sugar absorption capacity in rats showed that RGBRF did not significantly change the GI index as well as the ability to absorb sugar compared to unroasted product. The results indicated that RGBRF should be used as a nutritious food with the ability to supplement bioactive compounds to the people at risk of lifestyle diseases.

scholarly journals Neuropharmacological Effects of Quercetin: A Literature-Based Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Shahazul Islam ◽  
Cristina Quispe ◽  
Rajib Hossain ◽  
Muhammad Torequl Islam ◽  
Ahmed Al-Harrasi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Neuroprotective Effect ◽  
Animal Experiments ◽  
Amyloid Β ◽  
Neuronal Injury ◽  
Amyloid Β Peptide ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Neuroprotective Effects

Quercetin (QUR) is a natural bioactive flavonoid that has been lately very studied for its beneficial properties in many pathologies. Its neuroprotective effects have been demonstrated in many in vitro studies, as well as in vivo animal experiments and human trials. QUR protects the organism against neurotoxic chemicals and also can prevent the evolution and development of neuronal injury and neurodegeneration. The present work aimed to summarize the literature about the neuroprotective effect of QUR using known database sources. Besides, this review focuses on the assessment of the potential utilization of QUR as a complementary or alternative medicine for preventing and treating neurodegenerative diseases. An up-to-date search was conducted in PubMed, Science Direct and Google Scholar for published work dealing with the neuroprotective effects of QUR against neurotoxic chemicals or in neuronal injury, and in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Findings suggest that QUR possess neuropharmacological protective effects in neurodegenerative brain disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease, Amyloid β peptide, Parkinson’s disease, Huntington's disease, multiple sclerosis, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. In summary, this review emphasizes the neuroprotective effects of QUR and its advantages in being used in complementary medicine for the prevention and treatment o of different neurodegenerative diseases.

Studying the Effects of New Peritoneal Dialysis Solutions on the Peritoneum

2007 ◽  
Vol 27 (2_suppl) ◽  
pp. 87-93
Author(s):  
Chan Tak Mao ◽  
Susan Yung
Keyword(s):  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Animal Experiments ◽  
Angiogenic Growth Factors ◽  
Anatomy And Physiology ◽  
Bio Compatibility ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Peritoneal Function

♦ Background Compelling data underscore the bioincompatible nature of glucose-based peritoneal dialysis (PD) solutions and their detrimental effects on peritoneal physiology and morphology. New PD solutions have been formulated to tackle common clinical problems such as inadequate ultrafiltration or malnutrition, and to improve biocompatibility—the latter aimed at preserving the structural and functional integrity of the peritoneum and reducing adverse systemic effects on the patient. ♦ Methods This article reviews the factors in PD fluids that alter normal peritoneal anatomy and physiology, and the data that illustrate approaches to investigating the local and systemic biocompatibility of new PD solutions. ♦ Results Chronic exposure of the peritoneal membrane to glucose-based PD solutions results in denudation of the mesothelium, thickened submesothelium, and hyalinization of the vasculature, often resulting in reduced or lost solute and water clearance. Data from in vitro or animal experiments and clinical studies have shown improved bio-compatibility profiles with new PD solutions that are glucose-free (that is, dialysates with amino acids or icodextrin), bicarbonate-buffered, or compartmentalized during heat sterilization to reduce levels of glucose degradation products. Improved biocompatibility is denoted by reduced induction of proinflammatory, profibrotic, or angiogenic growth factors in mesothelial cells and macrophages, or by less perturbation of leukocyte phagocytic function. ♦ Conclusions Data from in vitro and animal experiments show more favorable biocompatibility profiles with new PD fluids than with glucose-based dialysates. Clinical studies are ongoing to assess the impact of the new PD fluids on peritoneal function, morbidity, and mortality.

Impact of grain germination on in vitro antioxidative properties, nutrients digestibility, and functional attributes of brown rice flour

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Singh ◽  
S. Sharma ◽  
A. Gupta ◽  
B. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Hydrolytic Enzymes ◽  
Brown Rice ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
Rice Flour ◽  
Pasting Properties ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Germinated Brown Rice ◽  
Germination Time

AbstractBrown rice was germinated for different times (12, 24, 36, and 48 h) at different temperatures (25, 30, and 35 °C) with the aim to improve the in vitro digestibility and antioxidant potential of the flour made from it. Results showed that increase in germination time and temperature increased in vitro digestibility of starch and protein during germination of brown rice owing to depolymerisation of starch and protein molecules by enzymatic activity. After germination under varying conditions, antioxidant activity increased from 50.19 to 95.58%, total phenolic and flavonoid contents from 0.88 to 2.02 mg GAE/g and 34.06–62.94 mg QE/100g, respectively. Germination at elevated temperature (35 °C) for prolonged time (48 h) also increased the reducing power by 60.49% and metal chelating activity by 114.50% as a result of structural breakdown of bound phenolics. Increased activity of hydrolytic enzymes with progress in the germination time and temperature also results in continuous reduction in the pasting properties and lightness values (L), while increasing a* and b* values of the flour of germinated brown rice. Tailored germination, therefore, can be offered as a tool to increase nutrient digestibility and bioactive potential of brown rice as compared to non-germinated brown rice, thus, producing naturally modified flour with enhanced functionality.

Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Efficacy of Elaeocarpus sylvestris Extract Verified by in silico, in vitro, Preclinical, and Clinical Studies

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyelin Jeon ◽  
Yeong-Geun Lee ◽  
Yoon Jung Yang ◽  
Yong Joon Jeong ◽  
Ji Hyun Kwon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Studies ◽  
In Silico ◽  
Preclinical And Clinical Studies

Mod-5014, a Novel Long-Acting FVIIa Proposing An Improved Prophylactic and On Demand Treatment For Hemophilic Patients Following SC and IV Administration – Comprehensive In -Vitro and In -Vivo evaluation In Preparation For Clinical Studies

Blood ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 122 (21) ◽  
pp. 3578-3578
Author(s):  
Gili Hart ◽  
Oren Hershkovitz ◽  
Ahuva Bar Iilan ◽  
Miri Zakar ◽  
Lior Binder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Hemostatic Effect ◽  
On Demand ◽  
Long Acting ◽  
Tail Clip ◽  
In Vitro Interactions ◽  
Physiological Inhibitors

Abstract Introduction Prolor Biotech Inc. is a clinical stage public company developing biobetter long acting versions of existing therapeutic proteins utilizing a technology termed CTP. The technology involves fusion of the C terminus peptide of hCG to one or both ends of the target protein. The technology was clinically validated and proven as a safe and efficient way for prolonging the half-lives of several therapeutic proteins while maintaining their biological activity. The aim of this extensive study was to characterize the in vitro potency as well as the in –vitro interactions of MOD-5014 (FVIIa-CTP ) with physiological inhibitors and cofactors and to determine its pharmacokinetic (PK), pharmacodynamic (PD) and long term hemostatic effects in the relevant hemophilic animal models following IV and SC administrations as moving forward into clinical studies . Methods FVII-CTP was expressed in CHO cells, purified and activated utilizing a CTP specific purification process. MOD-5014 interactions with physiological inhibitors and cofactors was characterized in –vitro utilizing SPR and ex-vivo assays ( TEG and TG). In order to assess the long term in vivo effect , MOD-5014 was administered to warfarin treated rats or FVIII-/- mice, and following IV and SC injection the PK and PD profiles were determined as well as coagulation parameters (PT,aPTT ,TG and FVIIa activity) at a time dependent manner. In addition, the long term hemostatic effect was evaluated following bleeding challenge by tail clip assay and tail vein transection as compared to commercial rFVIIa. Results MOD-5014 in vitro activity was comparable to commercial FVIIa. PT , thrombin generation , PK and PD parameters following IV and SC administration were superior to those of rFVIIa. PT values of warfarin treated rats were maintained normal for significantly longer time post injection. MOD-5014 half-life and AUC following IV administration were 5 and 3.5 fold higher, respectively and were also significantly superior following SC injection. Following SC administration, MOD-5014's bioavailability, was shown to be superior to commercial rFVIIa in both rats and hemophilic mice models as well. In a tail vein transection studies, MOD-5014 had a profound effect on survival rate, which was maintained for more than 24 and significantly reduced duration and intensity of bleeding was also observed in tail clip studies in warfarin treated rats as well as in hemophilic mice in both routes. Finally, toxicological studies in rodents demonstrated that MOD-5014 is safe and tolerable at relatively high doses. Conclusion Attachments of CTP to FVIIa led to a markedly enhanced PK, increased exposure as reflected by AUC, improved recovery and a prolonged hemostatic effect in hemophilic mice and rats further supporting the comparable specific activity of MOD-5014 to rFVIIa. In addition, SC administration of MOD-5014 resulted in improved bioavailability and exposure was significantly prolonged relative to IV administration which was also translated to superior-vivo efficacy. CTP attachment to FVIIa had no significant impact on the in-vitro interactions with physiological inhibitors and cofactors proposing a similar mechanism of action and comparable activity. Our data suggest that CTP fused FVIIa is safe and tolerable in rodents and has the potential to significantly the frequency of injection given on demand as well as potentially enable prophylactic treatment for hemophilic patients. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

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