scholarly journals Risk Factors for Anemia among Brazilian Infants from the 2006 National Demographic Health Survey

Anemia ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tulio Konstantyner ◽  
Thais Cláudia Roma Oliveira ◽  
José Augusto de Aguiar Carrazedo Taddei
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Important Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Control Infant ◽  
Mild Anemia ◽  
Adequate Food ◽  
Moderate Anemia

Iron deficiency is an important public health problem. An understanding of anemia risk factors is essential to informed health policies. We performed a cross-sectional study of 1,382 infants from the 2006 Brazilian National Survey on Demography and the Health of Women and Children. Mild and moderate anemia was characterised by hemoglobin levels below 11.0 and 9.5 g/dL, respectively. Rates for mild and moderate anemia were 25.9% and 9.9%, respectively. The logistic model included three risk factors for mild anemia—urban residence area (OR=2.5;P=0.004), fever in the past 2 weeks (OR=2.4;P<0.001), and age less than 12 months (OR=1.7;P=0.024). Strategies to control infant anemia should include health promotion and nutritional education for families from all socioeconomic levels. Lifestyle quality improvement based on adequate food consumption must be achieved by communities in all macroregions, and especially in urban areas.

scholarly journals Prevalence and role of risk factors for hypertension in 18-69 years of age in rural and urban areas of district Amritsar, Punjab, India

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 460 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chasham Mitra ◽  
Mohan Lal ◽  
Tejbir Singh ◽  
S. S. Deepti
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity

Background: Hypertension is a major public health problem in India and its prevalence is high among rural and urban population. All the risk factors of lifestyle are known to cause the early onset and rapid worsening of hypertension.Methods:A cross sectional study was conducted. 1000 participants (500 rural and 500 urban) between the age group of 18-69 years were selected by systematic random sampling method from 5 villages and 5 urban wards of Amritsar city. Out of total, 500 males and 500 females were selected.Results: This study shows that 332 (33.2%) participants were hypertensive out of total 1000. The chances of Hypertension are directly proportional to age and shows peak between 50-59 years of age, 86 (59.72%). The prevalence among males and females was 32.4% and 34% respectively. Hypertension is highest in respondents with body mass index (BMI >30) i.e. 53.43%. The prevalence of hypertension was slightly higher among smokers than non-smokers and among vegetarians than non- vegetarians.Conclusions:Hence, it becomes necessary to adopt a lifestyle with regular physical activity for at-least 30 min a day, for 5 days of the week, to decrease prevalence of obesity and to maintain BMI within normal range. Thus awareness among communities should be raised regarding prevention of the risk factors for hypertension. 

Prevalence and Determinants of Vitamin A Deficiency among Brazilian Children under 2 Years of Age from the 2006 National Demographic Health Survey

2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 422-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tulio Konstantyner ◽  
Sarah Warkentin ◽  
José Augusto de Aguiar Carrazedo Taddei
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Nutrition Education ◽  
National Survey ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Prevalence Ratio ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Control Infant ◽  
Adequate Food

Background Vitamin A deficiency is prevalent among infants, primarily in undeveloped communities, compromising immune system competence and raising morbidity and mortality rates. Understanding the risk factors associated with vitamin A deficiency is essential to create informed health policies. Objective To identify and quantify risk factors for vitamin A deficiency in a probabilistic sample of children under 2 years of age participating in a national survey in Brazil and to provide a comprehensive risk factor model to inform health strategies and policies. Methods We analyzed data from a cross-sectional study of 1,436 children from the 2006 Brazilian National Survey on Demography and the Health of Women and Children. Vitamin A deficiency was defined as retinol levels below 0.70 μg/dL. Results The prevalence of vitamin A deficiency was estimated at 16.1% (95% CI, 12.7 to 20.2). The Poisson regression model identified three risk factors for vitamin A deficiency: urban residence (prevalence ratio [PR] = 1.47, p = .023), no consumption of animal meat within the past week (PR = 1.41, p = .031), and a mother older than 25 years (PR = 1.31, p = .048). Conclusions Strategies to control infant vitamin A deficiency should include health promotion and nutrition education for families from all socioeconomic levels. Improvements in lifestyle quality, based on adequate food consumption by all infants, must be achieved by communities, especially in urban areas and for older mothers.

scholarly journals Sero-prevalence and risk factors of human brucellosis among febrile patients visited health institutes at Awra and Gulina district, Afar Region, Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Biruk Zerfu ◽  
Sintayehu Mehari ◽  
Kassu Desta
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Human Brucellosis ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Important Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Afar Region ◽  
Elisa Data

Abstract Background: Brucellosis is an important neglected bacterial zoonotic disease that affects animals and humans for decades. The aim of this study was to determine the sero-prevalence and risk factors of human brucellosis among febrile patients visited health institutes at Awra and Gulina district of Afar region Ethiopia.Methods: A purposive cross-sectional study was conducted among 444 febrile patients visiting two health institutes in Awra and Gulina district of Afar region from February to May 2019. A 3-5ml blood samples were collected, thick and thin blood films were examined microscopically for malaria; serum was separated and tested antibody of Brucella using Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT) and positives ones were further subjected to ELISA. Data were entered using EpiData3.1 and analyses were performed using StataSE 14.Results: A total of 444 febrile individuals (59.5% female) of age ranging from 2-83 years (mean= 26.1, SD = ±11.8) participated in this study. The overall sero-prevalence of brucellosis was 31.5 % and 15.8% by RBPT and ELISA, respectively and 4.3% of the patients were positive for P. falciparum. Being male (AOR=2.41, 95%CI: 1.36 – 4.26, p < 0.002), drinking raw milk (AOR=15.42, 95%CI: 5.17 - 45.95, p < 0.001) and touching aborted fetus/discharges without protectives (AOR= 3.70, 95%CI: 1.61 - 8.50, p = 0.02) were independently associated with brucellosis among febrile patients.Conclusion: Human brucellosis is highly prevalent in pastoralist patients presenting with fever in this study area. Consumption of raw milk and contamination with aborted or discharge of animals are major risk factors. Hence, brucellosis should be considered as an important public health problem in this study area.

Characteristics and risk factors associated with stroke subtypes among adult patients admitted to stroke unit of JUMC

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bekalu Getachew Gebreegziabher ◽  
Tesema Etefa Birhanu ◽  
Diriba Dereje Olana ◽  
Behailu Terefe Tesfaye
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Stroke Unit ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Data Entry ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Stroke Subtypes

Background: Stroke is a great public health problem in Ethiopia. According to reports, in-hospital stroke mortality was estimated to be 14.7% in Ethiopia. Despite this, in this country researches done on factors associated with stroke sub-types were inadequate. Objective: To assess the Characteristics and risk factors associated with stroke sub-types among patients admitted to JUMC. Methods and materials: A retrospective cross sectional study was conducted from May 2017 to May 2018 in stroke unit of Jimma University Medical Center. A total of 106 medical charts of patients diagnosed with stroke were reviewed. Checklist comprising of relevant variables was used to collect data. SPSS version 21 was employed for data entry and analysis. Chi-square test was used to point-out association and difference among stroke sub-types. The data was presented using text, tables and figures. Result: From a total of 106 patients, 67(63.2%) were men. The mean ± SD of age was 52.67±12.46 years, and no significant association was found. Of all the patients, 59(55.6%) had ischemic strokes and 47(44.4%) had hemorrhagic strokes. The most common risk factor in the patients was alcohol use with a prevalence of 69.9%. Of all the risk factors, only sex, cigarettes smoking and dyslipidemia were significantly associated to sub-types of stroke. Conclusion: Ischemic stroke was the most common subtype of stroke. Sex of patient, cigarette smoking and dyslipidemia are significantly associated with the two stroke subtypes.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of AsymptomaticLeishmania donovaniamong Laborers and Associated Risk Factors in Agricultural Camps of West Armachiho District, Northwest Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Animen Ayehu ◽  
Yibeltal Aschale ◽  
Wossenseged Lemma ◽  
Animut Alebel ◽  
Ligabaw Worku ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Leishmania Donovani ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Northwest Ethiopia ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
Study Participants

Background. Visceral leishmaniasis (VL, also called kala-azar) is a public health problem in Ethiopia, especially in sesame and sorghum growing areas. Compared to other populations, labor migrants are the most exposed. Knowing the seroprevalence ofLeishmania donovaniand associated risk factors is essential to design appropriate control measures. The main aim of this study was to assess the seroprevalence of asymptomaticL. donovaniamong laborers and associated risk factors in agricultural camps of West Armachiho district, Northwest Ethiopia. Therefore, this study was conducted to know the seroprevalence and associated risk factors ofL. donovaniinfection.Method. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 185 laborers from October to December 2017. A simple random sampling technique was used to select study participants from selected agricultural camps. After obtaining written informed consent, data were collected using a structured pretested Amharic version questionnaire using the interview technique. A single finger prick blood sample was collected from the study participants and the blood samples were subjected to the serological diagnostic method using the rk39 kit. The multivariable logistic regression model was used to identify risk factors associated withL. donovaniinfection.Result. Among 185 participants examined using rk39, 14 (7.6%) were seroreactive forL. donovani.Leishmania donovaniinfection had a statistically significant association with sleeping underBalanitestrees (AOR: 4.36, 95%CI: 1.186-16.06), presence of domestic animals near sleeping place (AOR: 4.68, 95% CI: 1.25-17.56), and lack of knowledge about VL transmission (AOR: 3.79, 95% CI: 1.07-13.47).Conclusion. Seroprevalence of asymptomaticL. donovaniamong laborers in agricultural camps of West Armachiho was low. Prevention measures and health education about risk factors that expose toL. donovaniinfection for the laborers are essential to prevent the spread of the disease.

scholarly journals Nutritional status of Tunisian adolescents: associated gender, environmental and socio-economic factors

2008 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1306-1317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hajer Aounallah-Skhiri ◽  
Habiba Ben Romdhane ◽  
Pierre Traissac ◽  
Sabrina Eymard-Duvernay ◽  
Francis Delpeuch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Abdominal Obesity ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Cultural Tradition ◽  
Cross Sectional

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the nutritional status of Tunisian adolescents and associated factors.DesignA cross-sectional study based on a national stratified random cluster sample.Subjects and methodsIn all, 1295 boys and 1577 girls aged 15–19 years, of whom 28·4 % had already left school. Socio-economic characteristics of the parents, anthropometric measurements, food behaviours and physical activity of the adolescents were recorded during home visits.ResultsPrevalence of underweight, overweight and obesity (WHO/National Center for Health Statistics reference) were, respectively, 8·1 %, 17·4 % and 4·1 % among boys and 1·3 %, 20·7 % and 4·4 % among girls; abdominal obesity was highly prevalent among both sexes. Prevalence of overweight differed by region (from 11·5 % to 22·2 %) and was higher in urban v. rural areas for males (21·7 % v. 10·4 %) but not for females (21·7 % v. 19·2 %). These differences were partially mediated by socio-economic and lifestyle factors for males. For females, influence of cultural factors is hypothesised. In rural areas, overweight was more prevalent among boys of higher economic level households, having a working mother or a sedentary lifestyle; for girls, prevalence increased with the level of education of the mother. In urban areas, prevalence of overweight was related to eating habits: it was higher for boys with irregular snacking habits and for girls skipping daily meals. Urban girls having left school were also more overweight.ConclusionOverweight and abdominal obesity in late adolescence have become a true public health problem in Tunisia with the combined effects of cultural tradition for girls in rural areas, and of rapid economic development for boys and girls in cities.

scholarly journals Diabetes Burden in Urban and Rural Senegalese Populations: A Cross-Sectional Study in 2012

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Seck ◽  
D. G. Dia ◽  
D. Doupa ◽  
A. Diop-Dia ◽  
I. Thiam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Abdominal Obesity ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Biological Data ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Family History Of Diabetes ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
History Of

Diabetes represents a challenging global health issue in the 21st century. Data from sub-Saharan African populations are scarce and are usually restricted to urban settings. The objective of this study was to compare prevalence and risk factors of diabetes in rural and urban areas in Senegal.Methods.In a community-based survey between January and May 2012, we included 1027 adults aged≥18 years living in northern Senegal. Sociodemographic, clinical, and biological data were collected during household visits. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to identify factors associated with diabetes.Results.Mean age of participants was48.0±16.9years and 65.7% were female. Participants from urban area represented 55.7%. The age-standardized prevalence of diabetes was 7.6% (6.0% in men versus 9.0% in women). Prevalence of diabetes was higher in urban areas (8.1%) compared to rural areas (4.6%). Disease awareness rate was 43%. After multivariate analysis, age (OR = 1.63,p=0.001), familial history of diabetes (OR = 1.42,p=0.001), and abdominal obesity (OR = 1.17,p=0.05) were associated with diabetes.Conclusion.Diabetes is frequent in urban and rural areas in Senegal. Awareness rate is very low among populations. Age, family history of diabetes, and abdominal obesity are the main risk factors identified.

Status and disparities of diabetes among urban and rural residents aged 40 years and older: insight from a population-based study in northeast China, 2017–2019

2021 ◽  
pp. jech-2020-213755
Author(s):  
Liying Xing ◽  
Yuanmeng Tian ◽  
Li Jing ◽  
Min Lin ◽  
Zhi Du ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Northeast China ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Haemoglobin A1c ◽  
Rural Residents ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
High Prevalence

ObjectivesTo evaluate the up-to-date epidemiology of diabetes in northeast China.MethodsThe cross-sectional study was conducted between September 2017 and March 2019 using a multistage, stratified and cluster random sampling method. 18 796 participants (28.9% urban and 71.1% rural) aged ≥40 years were enrolled. Diabetes and pre-diabetes were diagnosed according to the history, fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and glycosylated haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels.ResultsThe prevalence of diabetes was 17.1%, higher in urban than in rural residents (20.2% vs 15.8%, p<0.001). Meanwhile, the prevalence of pre-diabetes was 44.3%, higher in rural than in urban areas (49.4% vs 31.8%, p<0.001). The overall FPG and HbA1c were 6.10±1.94 mmol/L and 5.59%±1.08%. The FPG level was higher in rural area than in urban areas (6.15±1.83 mmol/L vs 5.97±2.18 mmol/L, p<0.001). Among participants with diabetes, 47.5% were aware of their diabetes condition; 39.5% were taking antidiabetic medications and 36.8% of people had their diabetes controlled. The awareness and treatment rates in rural areas were lower than those in urban areas (47.3% vs 57.5%, 34.4% vs 49.5%, p<0.001). Patients with diabetic, especially those in rural areas, tended to have multiple risk factors including hypertension (71.7%), overweight or obesity (69.6%) and dyslipidaemia (52.8%).ConclusionA considerable burden of diabetes was observed in northeast China, with high percentage of untreated diabetes, high prevalence of pre-diabetes, high overall FPG level and multiple uncontrolled risk factors in patients with diabetics. Therefore, region-specific strategies on prevention and management of diabetes should be emphasised.

scholarly journals Assessment of the prevalence of vertical hepatitis B transmission in two consecutive generations

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 154-158
Author(s):  
Larissa Akeme Nakano ◽  
Jéssica Toshie Katayose ◽  
Rodrigo Martins Abreu ◽  
Luis Cláudio Alfaia Mendes ◽  
Maria Cleusa Martins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Vertical Transmission ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Important Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Two Generations ◽  
Hepatitis B Transmission ◽  
The Mean

Summary Introduction: Hepatitis B is an important public health problem in the world and one of the forms of contagion would be through vertical transmission. Precose diagnosis allows the adoption of prophylaxis measures, which results in prevention in more than 90% of cases. Objective: To describe the prevalences of vertical transmission and compare two generations (mother/patient and patient/child). Method: This was a cross-sectional study, which included 101 patients. The interviews were performed through the application of the instrument of data collection and information of the physical file before the medical consultation. Results: The mean ± SD of age was 50.9 ± 13.1 years, the male gender predominated, with 56.4% of the patients, and the predominance was white, with 43.6%. Vertical transmission between mother and patient occurred in 17.8% and between patient and child, in 7.9%. In all of the eight cases of vertical transmission, the diagnosis was after the birth of children infected with HBV, and in 3/8 (37.5%), there was more than one case of infection by this mechanism per patient, totaling 13 children with the disease. Conclusion: There was a reduction in vertical transmission, showing that preventive measures were effective.

scholarly journals Comparative study of DIPSI and WHO 2018 criteria for diagnosis of GDM

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 13-17
Author(s):  
Biloni Shrestha ◽  
L Pokhrel
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Criteria ◽  
College Teaching ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Single Step ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
International Consensus ◽  
Important Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is an important public health problem. Prevalence has shown an increasing trend and varies based on diagnostic criteria used and the ethnic group studied. It is more common in Asia. Presently, there is no international consensus on the screening and diagnostic criteria for GDM. The Diabetes in Pregnancy Study Group of India (DIPSI) guidelines recommend the non-fasting 75g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) as a single-step screening and diagnostic test for GDM, is simple, easy and more feasible. The objective of this study was to compare whether the DIPSI criteria is equally sensitive to WHO 2018 criteria. This was a hospital based cross-sectional study done at Nepal Medical College Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu. Among 425 cases, 25 (5.88%) were diagnosed GDM, 6 (1.41%) were diagnosed only by DIPSI, 5 (1.18) only by WHO 2018 and 14 (3.29%) by both methods. The study showed that the sensitivity of DIPSI was 73.68% and specificity was 98.52%. The agreement between the DIPSI and WHO 2018 criteria ranged from 60% to 80% (Kappa value = 0.68). This study proves that DIPSI criteria is comparable to WHO 2018 criteria and can be adopted in our institution for the diagnosis of GDM as it is more feasible, easy and less expensive.

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