scholarly journals Suspended Particulates Concentration (PM10) under Unstable Atmospheric Conditions over Subtropical Urban Area (Qena, Egypt)

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. El-Nouby Adam
Keyword(s):  
Urban Area ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Atmospheric Stability ◽  
Cold Season ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions ◽  
Stability Class ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Suspended Particulates ◽  
Monthly Average ◽  
Hot Season

The main purpose of this study is to evaluate the suspended particulates (PM10) in the atmosphere under unstable atmospheric conditions. The variation of PM10was investigated and primary statistics were employed. The results show that, the PM10concentrations values ranged from 6.00 to 646.74 μg m−3. The average value of PM10is equal to 114.32 μg m−3. The high values were recorded in April and May (155.17 μg m−3and 171.82 μg m−3, respectively) and the low values were noted in February and December (73.86 μg m−3and 74.05 μg m−3, respectively). The average value of PM10of the hot season (125.35 × 10−6 g m−3) was higher than its value for the cold season (89.27 μg m−3). In addition, the effect of weather elements (air temperature, humidity and wind) on the concentration of PM10was determined. The multiple R between PM10and these elements ranged from 0.05 to 0.47 and its value increased to reach 0.73 for the monthly average of the database used. Finally, the PM10concentrations were grouped depending on their associated atmospheric stability class. These average values were equal to 122.80 ± 9 μg m−3(highly unstable or convective), 109.37 ± 12 μg m−3(moderately unstable) and 104.42 ± 15 μg m−3(slightly unstable).

scholarly journals Time Evolution of TGF-Producing Storms Using ERA5, GPS and Geostationary Satellites Observations

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandra Tiberia ◽  
A. Mascitelli ◽  
Leo Pio D’Adderio ◽  
Stefano Federico ◽  
Martino Marisaldi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Convective Cell ◽  
Lightning Activity ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Gps Data ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions ◽  
Convective Systems ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Monthly Average ◽  
Combined Use ◽  
Wide Range

In this article we report the first investigation over time of the atmospheric conditions around TGFs occurrence, using GPS sensors in combination with geostationary satellite observations and ERA5 reanalyses data. The goal is to understand which characteristics are favourable to the development of these events and to investigate if any precursor signals can be expected. A total of 9 TGFs, occurred at a distance lower than 45 km from a GPS sensor, were analysed and two of them are shown here as an example analysis. Moreover, the lightning activity, collected by the World Wide Lightning Location Network (WWLLN) was used in order to identify any links and correlations with TGF occurrence and PWV trends. The combined use of GPS and the stroke rate trends identified, for all cases, a recurred pattern in which an increase of PWV is observed on a timescale of about two hours before the TGF occurrence that can be placed within the lightning peak. The temporal relation between the PWV trend and TGF occurrence is strictly related to the position of GPS sensors in relation to TGF coordinates. The life cycle of these storms observed by geostationary sensors, described TGFs producing clouds as intense with a wide range of extensions and, in all cases, the TGF is located at the edge of the convective cell. Furthermore, the satellite data give an added value in associating the GPS water vapor trend to the convective cell generating the TGF. The investigation with ERA5 reanalyses data showed that TGFs mainly occur in convective environment with not exceptional values with respect to the monthly average value of parameters measured in the same location. Moreover the analysis showed the strong potential of the use of GPS data for the troposphere characterization in areas with complex territorial morphology. This study provided indications on the dynamics of convective systems linked to TGFs and will certainly help refine our understanding on their production highlights a potential approach through the use of GPS data to explore the lightning activity trend and the TGFs occurrence.

THE STUDY OF AIR TEMPERATURE IN THE LAST DECADE IN THE BUCHAREST METROPOLITAN AREA

2021 ◽  
Vol 07 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
CHICHIREZ CRISTINA-MIHAELA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Cold Season ◽  
Absolute Maximum ◽  
Mean Annual Temperature ◽  
Reference Period ◽  
Hot Season ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Near Future

Multiple paleoclimatic studies indicate that the Earth has warmed significantly since the end of the 19th century. The mean temperature of the Earth's surface is rising unnaturally and frighteningly fast, having a large impact and threatening the very near future of human civilization. This paper presents an analysis of the variability of air temperature in the Bucharest metropolitan area in the decade 2011-2020, related to the 1901-2000 period in the context of the global warming. The research includes the study of the mean annual and monthly temperature, the absolute maximum and minimum temperature, the frequency of the thermal character in the cold season and in the hot season and the frequency of days with characteristic temperatures. The 2011-2020 decade was the hottest one since the beginning of meteorological measurements. Related to the 1901-2000- reference period, the air temperature increased by 1.6°C, from 11.1°C to 12.7°C, the mean of the 10 years. The year 2020 was the hottest year, marking the end of the hottest decade since the meteorological measurements were made, the mean annual temperature being 13.5°C, by 2.4°C higher than the mean of the 1901-2010 reference period.

scholarly journals NOx AND O3 VARIABILITY AND ITS RELATION WITH WEATHER CONDITIONS IN IAȘI CITY

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-85
Author(s):  
Vlad-Alexandru AMIHĂESEI ◽  
Lucian SFÎCĂ ◽  
Liviu APOSTOL ◽  
Alina LEAHU
Keyword(s):  
Surface Ozone ◽  
Atmospheric Stability ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Cold Season ◽  
Atmospheric Pollutants ◽  
Oxides Of Nitrogen ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions ◽  
Synoptic Conditions ◽  
Radiation Maximum

The paper presents the temporal variability of surface ozone (O3) and its precursors (oxides of nitrogen - NOx) from January 2012 to December 2015. In the same time, this study is aimed to explore the influence of the weather elements on these two major atmospheric pollutants in the area of Iași city. The maximum record of nitrogen oxides reached during the 4 analyzed years was 1200 μ/m-3 on October 27, 2015, a period of the year when atmospheric stability prevails. During the warm season (considered from May to September) the highest concentration of ozone was recorded at 155 μ/m-3. The winds direction from SSE or NNW and the winds speed greater than 2 m/s can significantly increase the concentration of the O3 and NOx respectively. Also, the stable atmospheric conditions can increase especially the concentration of the nitrogen dioxides. The statistical results illustrate a strong Pearson's correlation of surface ozone with solar radiation/maximum air temperature (r >0.5). The correlations were strongest during the summer months. Using the composite method, between warm season and cold season a difference of the pollutants concentration greater than 30 units for NOx was observed. Synoptic conditions associated with high pollution are also described.

scholarly journals Cold-season atmospheric conditions associated with sudden changes in PM10 concentration over Seoul, Korea

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minjeong Cho ◽  
Yong-Sang Choi ◽  
Ha-Rim Kim ◽  
Changhyun Yoo ◽  
Seoung-Soo Lee
Keyword(s):  
Cold Season ◽  
Pm10 Concentration ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions

scholarly journals Subseasonal relationship between Arctic and Eurasian surface air temperature

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hye-Jin Kim ◽  
Seok-Woo Son ◽  
Woosok Moon ◽  
Jong-Seong Kug ◽  
Jaeyoung Hwang
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Diabatic Heating ◽  
Surface Air Temperature ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Cold Season ◽  
Reanalysis Data ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Sea Level Pressure ◽  
Blocking High ◽  
Pressure Anomaly

AbstractThe subseasonal relationship between Arctic and Eurasian surface air temperature (SAT) is re-examined using reanalysis data. Consistent with previous studies, a significant negative correlation is observed in cold season from November to February, but with a local minimum in late December. This relationship is dominated not only by the warm Arctic-cold Eurasia (WACE) pattern, which becomes more frequent during the last two decades, but also by the cold Arctic-warm Eurasia (CAWE) pattern. The budget analyses reveal that both WACE and CAWE patterns are primarily driven by the temperature advection associated with sea level pressure anomaly over the Ural region, partly cancelled by the diabatic heating. It is further found that, although the anticyclonic anomaly of WACE pattern mostly represents the Ural blocking, about 20% of WACE cases are associated with non-blocking high pressure systems. This result indicates that the Ural blocking is not a necessary condition for the WACE pattern, highlighting the importance of transient weather systems in the subseasonal Arctic-Eurasian SAT co-variability.

scholarly journals Temperature uniformity in the CERN CLOUD chamber

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 5075-5088 ◽  
Author(s):  
António Dias ◽  
Sebastian Ehrhart ◽  
Alexander Vogel ◽  
Christina Williamson ◽  
João Almeida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Trace Gases ◽  
Vertical Direction ◽  
Cloud Chamber ◽  
Temperature Uniformity ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions ◽  
Cloud Droplets ◽  
Experimental Conditions

Abstract. The CLOUD (Cosmics Leaving OUtdoor Droplets) experiment at CERN (European Council for Nuclear Research) investigates the nucleation and growth of aerosol particles under atmospheric conditions and their activation into cloud droplets. A key feature of the CLOUD experiment is precise control of the experimental parameters. Temperature uniformity and stability in the chamber are important since many of the processes under study are sensitive to temperature and also to contaminants that can be released from the stainless steel walls by upward temperature fluctuations. The air enclosed within the 26 m3 CLOUD chamber is equipped with several arrays (strings) of high precision, fast-response thermometers to measure its temperature. Here we present a study of the air temperature uniformity inside the CLOUD chamber under various experimental conditions. Measurements were performed under calibration conditions and run conditions, which are distinguished by the flow rate of fresh air and trace gases entering the chamber at 20 and up to 210 L min−1, respectively. During steady-state calibration runs between −70 and +20 °C, the air temperature uniformity is better than ±0.06 °C in the radial direction and ±0.1 °C in the vertical direction. Larger non-uniformities are present during experimental runs, depending on the temperature control of the make-up air and trace gases (since some trace gases require elevated temperatures until injection into the chamber). The temperature stability is ±0.04 °C over periods of several hours during either calibration or steady-state run conditions. During rapid adiabatic expansions to activate cloud droplets and ice particles, the chamber walls are up to 10 °C warmer than the enclosed air. This results in temperature differences of ±1.5 °C in the vertical direction and ±1 °C in the horizontal direction, while the air returns to its equilibrium temperature with a time constant of about 200 s.

scholarly journals PEMANFAATAN DATA SATELIT HIMAWARI-8 SERTA DATA CURAH HUJAN DAN HARI HUJAN BULANAN DALAM ANALISIS KEJADIAN BANJIR KOTA PADANG, 9 SEPTEMBER 2017 DAN 26 SEPTEMBER 2018

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 264
Author(s):  
Vinca Amalia Rizkiafama ◽  
Tesla Kadar Dzikiro ◽  
Agus Safril
Keyword(s):  
Satellite Data ◽  
Atmospheric Stability ◽  
Convective Cloud ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions ◽  
Flood Events ◽  
Growth Activity ◽  
One Year ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The City ◽  
Rainy Days

<p class="AbstractEnglish"><strong>Abstract:</strong> Flood events on Wednesday, September 26, 2018, in several sub-districts in the city of Padang showed different conditions with the Indonesian region in general which were in normal to drier conditions. One year earlier, precisely on September 9, 2017, there were floods in almost all areas of the city of Padang. This study aims to determine the atmospheric conditions during flood events from the climatological and meteorological side. The data used are monthly rainfall and a monthly number of Rainy Days (HH) from 1981-2018 from the Minangkabau Meteorological Station, as well as Himawari-8 Weather Satellite data. Satellite data is processed using Satellite Animation and Interactive Diagnosis (SATAID) software to obtain cloud cover analysis, cloud growth activities, and atmospheric lability levels. September 2017 and September 2018 are in the nature of normal rain with a percentage of 101% and 88%. The increase in the amount of rainfall in August 2017 to September 2017 is not significant at 27 mm compared to August 2018 to September 2018 which is significant at 148 mm. The number of rainy days in September 2017 and 2018 were 24 and 23 respectively, which showed that almost every day there was rain in those months. The meteorological analysis shows that there is convective cloud growth activity in the Padang area which is characterized by an unstable level of atmospheric stability which has the potential for moderate to heavy rainfall.</p><p class="KeywordsEngish"><strong>Abstrak:</strong> Kejadian banjir pada Rabu, 26 September 2018 di beberapa kecamatan di Kota Padang menunjukkan kondisi yang berlainan dengan wilayah Indonesia pada umumnya yang berada dalam kondisi normal hingga lebih kering. Satu tahun sebelumnya, tepatnya pada 9 September 2017 juga terjadi banjir hampir di seluruh wilayah Kota Padang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kondisi atmosfer pada saat kejadian banjir dari sisi klimatologis dan meteorologisnya. Data yang digunakan adalah curah hujan bulanan dan jumlah Hari Hujan (HH) bulanan dari tahun 1981-2018 dari Stasiun Meteorologi Minangkabau, serta data Satelit Cuaca Himawari-8. Data satelit diolah menggunakan piranti lunak Satellite Animation and Interactive Diagnosis (SATAID) untuk mendapatkan analisis tutupan awan, aktivitas pertumbuhan awannya, dan tingkat labilitas atmosfer. September 2017 dan September 2018 berada pada sifat hujan normal dengan presentase 101% dan 88%. Peningkatan jumlah curah hujan bulan Agustus 2017 ke September 2017 tidak signifikan yaitu sebesar 27 mm dibandingkan Agustus 2018 ke September 2018 yang signifikan yaitu sebesar 148 mm. Jumlah hari hujan di bulan September 2017 dan 2018 berturut-turut sebesar 24 dan 23 yang menunjukkan bahwa hampir setiap hari terjadi hujan di bulan-bulan tersebut. Analisis secara meteorologis menunjukkan bahwa terdapat aktivitas pertumbuhan awan konvektif di daerah Padang yang ditandai dengan tingkat stabilitas atmosfer yang labil sehingga berpotensi terjadinya hujan sedang hingga lebat.</p>

scholarly journals ‘Pele de sapo’ melon grown under different irrigation depths and bioestimulant rates in the Semiarid region of Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. e3303
Author(s):  
Daíse Souza Reis Lima ◽  
Welson Lima Simões ◽  
José Aliçandro Bezerra da Silva ◽  
Magno do Nascimento Amorim ◽  
Alessandra Monteiro Salviano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Cold Season ◽  
Semiarid Region ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Chlorophyll A And B ◽  
Hot Season ◽  
Amino Acid Contents

The objective of this work was to evaluate physiological and biochemical responses of Pele de sapo melon to different irrigation depths (ID) and bioestimulant rates (BTM) to improve its production efficiency. The experiment was conducted in an experimental field in Juazeiro, BA, Brazil. A randomized block design in split split-plot arrangement was used, with four ID (60, 80, 100, and 120% of crop evapotranspiration – ETc) in the plots; five (BTM) (Stimulate® at 0, 0.6, 1.2, 2.4, and 4.8 L ha-1 applied via irrigation system during the flowering stage and after the fruiting stage) in the subplots; and two crop seasons (hot season, 23 to 39 °C; and cold season, 15 to 30 °C) in the sub-subplots. The plants were under daily drip irrigation and spacing of 2.0 × 0.3 m. The variables evaluated were: gas exchange, water use efficiency, chlorophyll a and b, relative water, sugar, and amino acid contents, and fruit yield. The results showed that the ID of 60% ETc resulted in water deficit, denoted by increases in solute concentrations, whereas the ID of 80% and 100% resulted in plants with good performance for biochemical, physiological, and production parameters in both crop seasons. The hot season, ID of 120% ETc, and BTM of 2.4 L ha-1 are recommended for Pele de sapo melon crops, since they result in the best physiological responses and fruit yields.

scholarly journals Soil Moisture-Boundary Layer Feedbacks on the Loess Plateau in China Using Radiosonde Data with 1-D Atmospheric Boundary Layer Model

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 1619
Author(s):  
Yingsai Ma ◽  
Xianhong Meng ◽  
Yinhuan Ao ◽  
Ye Yu ◽  
Guangwei Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Layer ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Atmospheric Boundary Layer ◽  
Loess Plateau ◽  
Atmospheric Stability ◽  
Heat Fluxes ◽  
Radiosonde Data ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions ◽  
The Loess Plateau ◽  
The Impact

The Loess Plateau is one land-atmosphere coupling hotspot. Soil moisture has an influence on atmospheric boundary layer development under specific early-morning atmospheric thermodynamic structures. This paper investigates the sensitivity of atmospheric convection to soil moisture conditions over the Loess Plateau in China by using the convective triggering potential (CTP)—humidity index (HIlow) framework. The CTP indicates atmospheric stability and the HIlow indicates atmospheric humidity in the low-level atmosphere. By comparing the model outcomes with the observations, the one-dimensional model achieves realistic daily behavior of the radiation and surface heat fluxes and the mixed layer properties with appropriate modifications. New CTP-HIlow thresholds for soil moisture-atmosphere feedbacks are found in the Loess Plateau area. By applying the new thresholds with long-time scales sounding data, we conclude that negative feedback is dominant in the north and west portion of the Loess Plateau; positive feedback is predominant in the south and east portion. In general, this framework has predictive significance for the impact of soil moisture on precipitation. By using this new CTP-HIlow framework, we can determine under what atmospheric conditions soil moisture can affect the triggering of precipitation and under what atmospheric conditions soil moisture has no influence on the triggering of precipitation.

scholarly journals Determination of diurnal water level fluctuations in headwaters

2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 888-901 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marek Marciniak ◽  
Anna Szczucińska
Keyword(s):  
Water Temperature ◽  
Water Level ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Hyporheic Zone ◽  
Water Pressure ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Water Level Fluctuations ◽  
Diurnal Changes ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions ◽  
Diurnal Fluctuations

The aim of this paper is to study diurnal fluctuations of the water level in streams draining headwaters and to identify the controlling factors. The fieldwork was carried out in the Gryżynka River catchment, western Poland. The water levels of three streams draining into the headwaters via a group of springs were monitored in the years 2011–2014. Changes in the water pressure and water temperature were recorded by automatic sensors – Schlumberger MiniDiver type. Simultaneously, Barodiver type sensors were used to record air temperature and atmospheric pressure, as it was necessary to adjust the data collected by the MiniDivers calculate the water level. The results showed that diurnal fluctuations in water level of the streams ranged from 2 to 4 cm (approximately 10% of total water depth) and were well correlated with the changes in evapotranspiration as well as air temperature. The observed water level fluctuations likely have resulted from processes occurring in the headwaters. Good correlation with atmospheric conditions indicates control by daily variations of the local climate. However, the relationship with water temperature suggests that fluctuations are also caused by changes in the temperature-dependent water viscosity and, consequently, by diurnal changes in the hydraulic conductivity of the hyporheic zone.

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