scholarly journals Mitochondria and Cancer: Past, Present, and Future

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. L. Verschoor ◽  
R. Ungard ◽  
A. Harbottle ◽  
J. P. Jakupciak ◽  
R. L. Parr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Complete Understanding ◽  
Mitochondrial Genomics ◽  
The Past ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
Metabolic Interactions ◽  
Nuclear Cell ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Generation Sequencing

The area of mitochondrial genomics has undergone unprecedented growth over the past several years. With the advent of the age of omics, investigations have reached beyond the nucleus to encompass the close biological communication and finely coordinated interactions between mitochondria and their nuclear cell mate. Application of this holistic approach, to all metabolic interactions within the cell, is providing a more complete understanding of the molecular transformation of the cell from normal to malignant behavior, before histopathological indications are evident. In this review the surging momentum in mitochondrial science, as it relates to cancer, is described in three progressive perspectives: (1) Past: the historical contributions to current directions of research; (2) Present: Contemporary findings, results and approaches to mitochondria and cancer, including the role of next generation sequencing and proteomics; (3) Future: Based on the present body of knowledge, the potential assets and benefits of mitochondrial research are projected into the near future.

scholarly journals A decade of supply chain collaboration and directions for future research

2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 613-630 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudine Antoinette Soosay ◽  
Paul Hyland
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Supply Chains ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
The Body ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Supply Chain Collaboration ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Humanitarian Supply Chains ◽  
The Past ◽  
Body Of Knowledge

Purpose – This paper aims to conduct a systematic review of the literature on supply chain collaboration published over a 10-year period from 2005 to 2014. It explores the nature and extent of research undertaken to identify key themes emerging in the field and gaps that need to be addressed. Design/methodology/approach – The authors review a sample of 207 articles from 69 journals, after using an iterative cycle of defining appropriate search keywords, searching the literature and conducting the analysis. Findings – Key themes include the meaning of collaboration; considerations for supply chain collaboration theory; emerging areas in collaboration for sustainability, technology-enabled supply chains and humanitarian supply chains; and the need for a more holistic approach, multi-tier perspectives and research into B2C collaborations. Research limitations/implications – The paper provides discussion and scope for future research into the area which would contribute to the field tremendously. Originality/value – There have been very few reviews in the past on supply chain collaboration, and this is one of the first extensive reviews conducted to address how well the body of knowledge on supply chain collaboration corresponds with our contemporary society.

scholarly journals Cancer Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy and the Gut Microbiota

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 153473541984637 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur E. Frankel ◽  
Sachin Deshmukh ◽  
Amit Reddy ◽  
John Lightcap ◽  
Maureen Hayes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Checkpoint ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor ◽  
Checkpoint Inhibitor ◽  
Host Immune System ◽  
The Past ◽  
Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy ◽  
Gut Microbial Community ◽  
Generation Sequencing

The past decade has seen tremendous advances in both our understanding of cancer immunosuppressive microenvironments and colonic bacteria facilitated by immune checkpoint inhibitor antibodies and next generation sequencing, respectively. Because an important role of the host immune system is to communicate with and regulate the gut microbial community, it should not come as a surprise that the behavior of one is coupled to the other. In this review, we will attempt to dissect some of the studies demonstrating cancer immunotherapy modulation by specific gut microbes and discuss possible molecular mechanisms for this effect.

scholarly journals Measurements of spontaneous rates of mutations in the recent past and the near future

2010 ◽  
Vol 365 (1544) ◽  
pp. 1169-1176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fyodor A. Kondrashov ◽  
Alexey S. Kondrashov
Keyword(s):  
Spontaneous Mutation ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Fundamental Parameter ◽  
Indirect Methods ◽  
The Past ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Related Individuals ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Generation Sequencing

The rate of spontaneous mutation in natural populations is a fundamental parameter for many evolutionary phenomena. Because the rate of mutation is generally low, most of what is currently known about mutation has been obtained through indirect, complex and imprecise methodological approaches. However, in the past few years genome-wide sequencing of closely related individuals has made it possible to estimate the rates of mutation directly at the level of the DNA, avoiding most of the problems associated with using indirect methods. Here, we review the methods used in the past with an emphasis on next generation sequencing, which may soon make the accurate measurement of spontaneous mutation rates a matter of routine.

scholarly journals Precision Medicine in Head and Neck Cancer: Myth or Reality?

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 117955491877958 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eoghan Malone ◽  
Lillian L Siu
Keyword(s):  
Head And Neck ◽  
Precision Medicine ◽  
Standard Treatment ◽  
Tumor Location ◽  
Cancer Subtypes ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
Molecular Complexity ◽  
Generation Sequencing ◽  
Modern Technologies

Standard treatment in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is limited currently with decisions being made primarily based on tumor location, histology, and stage. The role of the human papillomavirus in risk stratification is actively under clinical trial evaluations. The molecular complexity and intratumoral heterogeneity of the disease are not actively integrated into management decisions of HNSCC, despite a growing body of knowledge in these areas. The advent of the genomic era has delivered vast amounts of information regarding different cancer subtypes and is providing new therapeutic targets, which can potentially be elucidated using next-generation sequencing and other modern technologies. The task ahead is to expand beyond the existent armamentarium by exploiting beyond the genome and perform integrative analysis using innovative systems biology methods, with the goal to deliver effective precision medicine-based theragnostic options in HNSCC.

International Mediation in Africa: Experiences and Challenges

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 402-430
Author(s):  
Vasu Gounden
Keyword(s):  
Mediation Process ◽  
The Past ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
International Mediation ◽  
Republic Of The Congo ◽  
Mediation Processes ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Deep Body

AbstractAlthough informal and traditionally driven practices of mediation have existed for many generations, institutionalized and African-driven mediation became more important following the end of the Cold War. Mediation initiatives undertaken over the past 25 years, partly as a consequence of the increase in intra-state conflicts on the continent, have resulted in the generation of a deep body of knowledge and the evolution of a community of practitioners. This article examines two of the first post-1990 African-driven mediation processes – the Arusha Peace Process for Burundi and the Inter-Congolese Dialogue (icd) for the Democratic Republic of the Congo (drc) – to highlight key lessons that emerged, including the choice of mediator, who to include in the mediation, the impact of regional and international dynamics on the mediation, the importance and challenges of addressing the root causes of the conflict in a mediation process, and the role of non-state actors and Track ii diplomacy.

scholarly journals Poisoning the Right to Water in South Africa: What Can the Law Do?

2011 ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Kidd
Keyword(s):  
Water Resource Management ◽  
System Failure ◽  
Water Shortages ◽  
Resource Management System ◽  
The Past ◽  
Innovative Solutions ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Right ◽  
Near Future

This paper examines the major problems currently facing South Africa’s water sector and identifies that water shortages will be a significant issue to deal with in the near future. The problem of shortage is exacerbated by severe water quality concerns. The role of the law in addressing these water concerns is examined and it is shown that the law, on paper, is able to address most of these issues and to provide for an integrated water resource management system. Failure to implement the law in the past, however, has led to situations arising that are beyond the power of the law to address and innovative solutions will have to be found. For the future, the law will have to be implemented appropriately in order to avoid similar problems arising again.

scholarly journals The New Business of Football: A Study of Current and Aspirant Football Club Managers

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 515-528 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Morrow ◽  
Brian Howieson
Keyword(s):  
Research Methodology ◽  
Organizational Structures ◽  
Specific Reference ◽  
Professional Football ◽  
Business Context ◽  
The Past ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
Football Clubs ◽  
New Business

Professional football (soccer) in Europe has changed dramatically in the past two decades, largely due to the escalation of media rights deals. Many professional football clubs are now complex businesses, intrinsically concerned with financial matters. Within the rapidly changing business context of football, the aim of this research is to further understand the main issues that are related to a career as a manager. This paper has five sections: (1) we offer an appraisal of the general literature as it applies to professional football management; (2) we introduce the theoretical focus of the article with specific reference to the “career” and describe the context and background to the research; (3) we describe the research methodology and present and discuss the research results, which center on the career development of the manager; the position of a manager in organizational structures, and how the changing organization affects the role of manager; (4) we set out the conclusions and implications of our research; and (5) we offer our plans to progress this research, enabling a new body of knowledge to be developed on this specialized role.

Legal Changes in Adolescent Psychiatry

1977 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 265-268
Author(s):  
K. S. Walshe-Brennan
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Social Workers ◽  
Adolescent Psychiatry ◽  
Social Conditions ◽  
Juvenile Crime ◽  
World War ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Social ◽  
Near Future

Juvenile crime has increased considerably in the past decade. The Police Federation and the Justices' Clerks' Society blame the Children and Young Persons Act 1969 and want the law changed for several reasons. The British Association of Social Workers, however, disagrees. In view of possible changes in the near future, the development of the 1969 Act is traced from World War II with comments on the social conditions then existing. The results of the legislature are discussed with particular reference to Certificates of Unruliness, accommodation difficulties and the role of psychiatry at the present time.

scholarly journals Role of Lidar Technology in Future NASA Space Missions

2008 ◽  
Vol 1076 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farzin Amzajerdian
Keyword(s):  
Space Vehicles ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
Precise Data ◽  
The Past ◽  
Solar System Bodies ◽  
Remote Sensing Techniques ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Topography Data ◽  
Laser Remote Sensing

ABSTRACTThe past success of lidar instruments in space combined with potentials of laser remote sensing techniques in improving measurements traditionally performed by other instrument technologies and in enabling new measurements have expanded the role of lidar technology in future NASA missions. Compared with passive optical and active radar/microwave instruments, lidar systems produce substantially more accurate and precise data without reliance on natural light sources and with much greater spatial resolution. NASA pursues lidar technology not only as science instruments, providing atmospherics and surface topography data of Earth and other solar system bodies, but also as viable guidance and navigation sensors for space vehicles. This paper summarizes the current NASA lidar missions and describes the lidar systems being considered for deployment in space in the near future.

Trilobite Larvae, Larval Ecology and Developmental Paleobiology

1990 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 137-156
Author(s):  
Stephen E. Speyer ◽  
Brian D.E. Chatterton
Keyword(s):  
Early Development ◽  
Fossil Record ◽  
Marine Invertebrates ◽  
Biological Synthesis ◽  
Larval Ecology ◽  
The Past ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
Growing Body

Since Barrande (1852) first illustrated a trilobite larva, aspects of trilobite ontogeny and early development have received a great deal of attention (see Beecher, 1895; Størmer, 1942; Whittington, 1957; Hu, 1971; Chatterton, 1980). Much of this literature, however, is purely descriptive and very little has been done to incorporate these works into a biological synthesis. During the past several decades a great deal has been learned about the role of larval ecology in monitoring biogeographic distributions, cohort survivorship and taxonomic longevity among modern marine invertebrates. This growing body of knowledge has provided the basis for many new insights regarding patterns of extinction and survivorship and macroevolution evident within the fossil record (see Jablonski, 1986; Jablonski and Lutz, 1983).

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