scholarly journals Role of Lidar Technology in Future NASA Space Missions

2008 ◽  
Vol 1076 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farzin Amzajerdian
Keyword(s):  
Space Vehicles ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
Precise Data ◽  
The Past ◽  
Solar System Bodies ◽  
Remote Sensing Techniques ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Topography Data ◽  
Laser Remote Sensing

ABSTRACTThe past success of lidar instruments in space combined with potentials of laser remote sensing techniques in improving measurements traditionally performed by other instrument technologies and in enabling new measurements have expanded the role of lidar technology in future NASA missions. Compared with passive optical and active radar/microwave instruments, lidar systems produce substantially more accurate and precise data without reliance on natural light sources and with much greater spatial resolution. NASA pursues lidar technology not only as science instruments, providing atmospherics and surface topography data of Earth and other solar system bodies, but also as viable guidance and navigation sensors for space vehicles. This paper summarizes the current NASA lidar missions and describes the lidar systems being considered for deployment in space in the near future.

scholarly journals Poisoning the Right to Water in South Africa: What Can the Law Do?

2011 ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Kidd
Keyword(s):  
Water Resource Management ◽  
System Failure ◽  
Water Shortages ◽  
Resource Management System ◽  
The Past ◽  
Innovative Solutions ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Right ◽  
Near Future

This paper examines the major problems currently facing South Africa’s water sector and identifies that water shortages will be a significant issue to deal with in the near future. The problem of shortage is exacerbated by severe water quality concerns. The role of the law in addressing these water concerns is examined and it is shown that the law, on paper, is able to address most of these issues and to provide for an integrated water resource management system. Failure to implement the law in the past, however, has led to situations arising that are beyond the power of the law to address and innovative solutions will have to be found. For the future, the law will have to be implemented appropriately in order to avoid similar problems arising again.

scholarly journals Mitochondria and Cancer: Past, Present, and Future

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. L. Verschoor ◽  
R. Ungard ◽  
A. Harbottle ◽  
J. P. Jakupciak ◽  
R. L. Parr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Complete Understanding ◽  
Mitochondrial Genomics ◽  
The Past ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
Metabolic Interactions ◽  
Nuclear Cell ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Generation Sequencing

The area of mitochondrial genomics has undergone unprecedented growth over the past several years. With the advent of the age of omics, investigations have reached beyond the nucleus to encompass the close biological communication and finely coordinated interactions between mitochondria and their nuclear cell mate. Application of this holistic approach, to all metabolic interactions within the cell, is providing a more complete understanding of the molecular transformation of the cell from normal to malignant behavior, before histopathological indications are evident. In this review the surging momentum in mitochondrial science, as it relates to cancer, is described in three progressive perspectives: (1) Past: the historical contributions to current directions of research; (2) Present: Contemporary findings, results and approaches to mitochondria and cancer, including the role of next generation sequencing and proteomics; (3) Future: Based on the present body of knowledge, the potential assets and benefits of mitochondrial research are projected into the near future.

Legal Changes in Adolescent Psychiatry

1977 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 265-268
Author(s):  
K. S. Walshe-Brennan
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Social Workers ◽  
Adolescent Psychiatry ◽  
Social Conditions ◽  
Juvenile Crime ◽  
World War ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Social ◽  
Near Future

Juvenile crime has increased considerably in the past decade. The Police Federation and the Justices' Clerks' Society blame the Children and Young Persons Act 1969 and want the law changed for several reasons. The British Association of Social Workers, however, disagrees. In view of possible changes in the near future, the development of the 1969 Act is traced from World War II with comments on the social conditions then existing. The results of the legislature are discussed with particular reference to Certificates of Unruliness, accommodation difficulties and the role of psychiatry at the present time.

scholarly journals Role of Toll like receptor in progression and suppression of oral squamous cell carcinoma

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yash Sharma ◽  
Kumud Bala
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Tumor Development ◽  
Toll Like Receptor ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
The Past ◽  
Near Future

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the most common type of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and one of the multifactorial process that consists of most contributing factors such as tobacco smoking, chewing and alcohol consumption that altered the intracellular environment. Recent studies have shown relevance of Toll like receptor (TLR) associated with carcinogenesis. This review aim’s to explore that how TLR associates with progression and suppression of OSCC. This review is a classical review that has confined to articles published in the past 19 years (i.e. 2000-2019) and has summarized the perspective of the authors. 62 articles were reviewed and it was found that progression and suppression of OSCC is associated with different TLRs promoting tumor development and also inhibiting the progression of oral neoplasm. It was found that TLR2, TLR3, TLR4, TLR5, TLR7 and TLR9 are associated with tumor development i.e. in progression of OSCC, where as suppression of OSCC through TLR3 and TLR7. We authors would like to conclude that literature survey has indicated effective TLR’s against OSCC development and can be explored to investigate other TLRs that can be used for therapeutic purposes in near future.

scholarly journals Silicon-Based Light Sources for Silicon Integrated Circuits

2008 ◽  
Vol 2008 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Pavesi
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Circuits ◽  
Silicon Nanocrystals ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
Bulk Silicon ◽  
Light Emitters ◽  
The Past ◽  
Silicon Integrated Circuits ◽  
Silicon Based ◽  
Physical Reasons ◽  
Near Future

Silicon the material per excellence for electronics is not used for sourcing light due to the lack of efficient light emitters and lasers. In this review, after having introduced the basics on lasing, I will discuss the physical reasons why silicon is not a laser material and the approaches to make it lasing. I will start with bulk silicon, then I will discuss silicon nanocrystals and Er3+ coupled silicon nanocrystals where significant advances have been done in the past and can be expected in the near future. I will conclude with an optimistic note on silicon lasing.

scholarly journals PTEN Gene: A Model for Genetic Diseases in Dermatology

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corrado Romano ◽  
Carmelo Schepis
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Suppressor ◽  
Tumor Suppressor Genes ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Human Cancer ◽  
Genetic Diseases ◽  
Pten Gene ◽  
The Past ◽  
Front Office ◽  
Near Future

PTEN gene is considered one of the most mutated tumor suppressor genes in human cancer, and it’s likely to become the first one in the near future. Since 1997, its involvement in tumor suppression has smoothly increased, up to the current importance. Germline mutations of PTEN cause the PTEN hamartoma tumor syndrome (PHTS), which include the past-called Cowden, Bannayan-Riley-Ruvalcaba, Proteus, Proteus-like, and Lhermitte-Duclos syndromes. Somatic mutations of PTEN have been observed in glioblastoma, prostate cancer, and brest cancer cell lines, quoting only the first tissues where the involvement has been proven. The negative regulation of cell interactions with the extracellular matrix could be the way PTEN phosphatase acts as a tumor suppressor. PTEN gene plays an essential role in human development. A recent model sees PTEN function as a stepwise gradation, which can be impaired not only by heterozygous mutations and homozygous losses, but also by other molecular mechanisms, such as transcriptional regression, epigenetic silencing, regulation by microRNAs, posttranslational modification, and aberrant localization. The involvement of PTEN function in melanoma and multistage skin carcinogenesis, with its implication in cancer treatment, and the role of front office in diagnosing PHTS are the main reasons why the dermatologist should know about PTEN.

The role of melatonin and its analogues in epilepsy

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sumaira Khan ◽  
Mallika Khurana ◽  
Preeti Vyas ◽  
Divya Vohora
Keyword(s):  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Epileptic Activity ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Significant Advance ◽  
The Past ◽  
Melatonin Administration ◽  
Near Future

AbstractExtensive research has gone into proposing a promising link between melatonin administration and attenuation of epileptic activity, the majority of which suggest its propensity as an antiseizure with antioxidant and neuroprotective properties. In the past few years, a number of studies highlighting the association of the melatonergic ligands with epilepsy have also emerged. In this context, our review is based on discussing the recent studies and various mechanisms of action that the said category of drugs exhibit in the context of being therapeutically viable antiseizure drugs. Our search revealed several articles on the four major drugs i.e. melatonin, agomelatine, ramelteon and piromelatine along with other melatonergic agonists like tasimelteon and TIK-301. Our review is suggestive of antiseizure effects of both melatonin and its analogues; however, extensive research work is still required to study their implications in the treatment of persons with epilepsy. Further evaluation of melatonergic signaling pathways and mechanisms may prove to be helpful in the near future and might prove to be a significant advance in the field of epileptology.

On Future Directions in Pathology

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 274-277
Author(s):  
Benjamin F. Trump ◽  
Irene K. Berezesky ◽  
Raymond T. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Clinical Pathology ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Diagnostic Pathology ◽  
The Past ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
The Many

The role of electron microscopy and associated techniques is assured in diagnostic pathology. At the present time, most of the progress has been made on tissues examined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and correlated with light microscopy (LM) and by cytochemistry using both plastic and paraffin-embedded materials. As mentioned elsewhere in this symposium, this has revolutionized many fields of pathology including diagnostic, anatomic and clinical pathology. It began with the kidney; however, it has now been extended to most other organ systems and to tumor diagnosis in general. The results of the past few years tend to indicate the future directions and needs of this expanding field. Now, in addition to routine EM, pathologists have access to the many newly developed methods and instruments mentioned below which should aid considerably not only in diagnostic pathology but in investigative pathology as well.

DNA methylation in satellite repeats disorders

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 757-771 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire Francastel ◽  
Frédérique Magdinier
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Human Genome ◽  
Repetitive Dna ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Satellite Repeats ◽  
Tremendous Progress ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Dna Elements ◽  
Near Future

Abstract Despite the tremendous progress made in recent years in assembling the human genome, tandemly repeated DNA elements remain poorly characterized. These sequences account for the vast majority of methylated sites in the human genome and their methylated state is necessary for this repetitive DNA to function properly and to maintain genome integrity. Furthermore, recent advances highlight the emerging role of these sequences in regulating the functions of the human genome and its variability during evolution, among individuals, or in disease susceptibility. In addition, a number of inherited rare diseases are directly linked to the alteration of some of these repetitive DNA sequences, either through changes in the organization or size of the tandem repeat arrays or through mutations in genes encoding chromatin modifiers involved in the epigenetic regulation of these elements. Although largely overlooked so far in the functional annotation of the human genome, satellite elements play key roles in its architectural and topological organization. This includes functions as boundary elements delimitating functional domains or assembly of repressive nuclear compartments, with local or distal impact on gene expression. Thus, the consideration of satellite repeats organization and their associated epigenetic landmarks, including DNA methylation (DNAme), will become unavoidable in the near future to fully decipher human phenotypes and associated diseases.

A literature review on firms' internationalisation through e-commerce

2019 ◽  
pp. 121-143
Author(s):  
Riccardo Resciniti ◽  
Federica De Vanna
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
International Business ◽  
Decision Process ◽  
Foreign Markets ◽  
New Markets ◽  
Integrative Framework ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Relationship

The rise of e-commerce has brought considerable changes to the relationship between firms and consumers, especially within international business. Hence, understanding the use of such means for entering foreign markets has become critical for companies. However, the research on this issue is new and so it is important to evaluate what has been studied in the past. In this study, we conduct a systematic review of e-commerce and internationalisation studies to explicate how firms use e-commerce to enter new markets and to export. The studies are classified by theories and methods used in the literature. Moreover, we draw upon the internationalisation decision process (antecedents-modalities-consequences) to propose an integrative framework for understanding the role of e-commerce in internationalisation

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