scholarly journals Synthesis and Application of a Novel Polyamide Charring Agent for Halogen-Free Flame Retardant Polypropylene

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Liu ◽  
Jiayou Xu ◽  
Kaidan Li ◽  
Yongheng Chen
Keyword(s):  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Oxygen Index ◽  
Fire Retardant ◽  
Cross Link ◽  
Limiting Oxygen Index ◽  
Char Layer ◽  
Charring Agent ◽  
Negative Role ◽  
Flame Retardant Properties ◽  
Halogen Free

A novel charring agent, poly(p-ethylene terephthalamide) (PETA), for halogen-free flame retardant polypropylene was synthesized by using p-phthaloyl chloride (TPC) and ethylenediamine through solution polycondensation at low temperature, and the effects of PETA on flame retardance of polypropylene (PP)/IFR systems were studied. The experimental results showed that PETA could considerably enhance the fire retardant performance as proved by evidence of the increase of limiting oxygen index (LOI) values, the results of UL-94 tests, and cone calorimeter tests (CCT). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) demonstrated that an appropriate amount of PETA could react with PP/IFR system to form cross-link network; a more compact char layer could be formed which was responsible for the improved thermal and flame retardant properties of PP/IFR systems. However, the superfluous amount of PETA would play the negative role.

scholarly journals Polycarbonate/Sulfonamide Composites with Ultralow Contents of Halogen-Free Flame Retardant and Desirable Compatibility

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (17) ◽  
pp. 3656
Author(s):  
Hangfeng Yang ◽  
Hangbo Yue ◽  
Xi Zhao ◽  
Minzimo Song ◽  
Jianwei Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Flame Retardancy ◽  
Oxygen Index ◽  
Smoke Emission ◽  
Limiting Oxygen Index ◽  
Ul 94 ◽  
Flame Retardant Properties ◽  
Halogen Free ◽  
Sem Morphology ◽  
Limited Oxygen

A novel halogen-free flame retardant containing sulfonamide, 1,3,5,7-tetrakis (phenyl-4-sulfonamide) adamantane (FRSN) was synthesized and used for improving the flame retardancy of largely used polycarbonate (PC). The flame-retardant properties of the composites with incorporation of varied amounts of FRSN were analyzed by techniques including limited oxygen index, UL 94 vertical burning, and cone calorimeter tests. The new FR system with sulfur and nitrogen elements showed effective improvements in PC’s flame retardancy: the LOI value of the modified PC increased significantly, smoke emission suppressed, and UL 94 V-0 achieved. Typically, the composite with only 0.08 wt% of FRSN added (an ultralow content) can increase the limiting oxygen index (LOI) value to 33.7% and classified as UL 94 V-0 rating. Furthermore, the mechanical properties and SEM morphology indicated that the FRSN has very good compatibility with PC matrix, which, in turn, is beneficial to the property enhancement. Finally, the analysis of sample residues after burning tests showed that a high portion of char was formed, contributing to the PC burning protection. This synthesized flame retardant provides a new way of improving PC’s flame retardancy and its mechanical property.

Flammability and mechanical properties of poly(styrene–butadiene–styrene) copolymer–containing intumescent flame retardants

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 816-826 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiren Huang ◽  
Jianwei Yang ◽  
Zhengzhou Wang
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Flame Retardants ◽  
Oxygen Index ◽  
Limiting Oxygen Index ◽  
Styrene Butadiene Styrene ◽  
Flame Retardant Properties ◽  
Intumescent Flame Retardants ◽  
Styrene Butadiene ◽  
Butadiene Styrene

Flame-retardant properties of ammonium polyphosphate (APP) and its two microcapsules, APP with a shell of melamine–formaldehyde (MF) resin (MFAPP) and APP with a shell of epoxy resin (EPAPP), were studied in styrene–butadiene–styrene (SBS). The results indicate that APP after the microencapsulation leads to an increase in limiting oxygen index in SBS compared with APP. When dipentaerythritol is incorporated into the SBS composites containing the APP microcapsules, a further improvement in flame retardancy of the composites is observed. The microencapsulation does not result in much improvement of mechanical properties. Moreover, the effect of a compatibilizer (SBS grafted with maleic anhydride) on flame-retardant and mechanical properties of SBS/APP composites was investigated.

scholarly journals Synthesis of a DOPO-triazine additive and its flame-retardant effect in rigid polyurethane foam

e-Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 235-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Liu ◽  
Rui Lv
Keyword(s):  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Polyurethane Foam ◽  
Cell Structure ◽  
Rigid Polyurethane Foam ◽  
Flame Resistance ◽  
Limiting Oxygen Index ◽  
Flame Retarded ◽  
Flame Retardant Properties ◽  
Mechanical Performances ◽  
Halogen Free

AbstractA DOPO (9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphen-anthrene-10-oxide)-based halogen-free flame retardant (ODOPM-CYC) was synthesized and incorporated in rigid polyurethane foam (RPUF). The structure of ODOPM-CYC was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR), 1H NMR and 31P NMR. The effects of ODOPM-CYC on the flame resistance, mechanical performances, thermal properties and cell structure of RPUF were also investigated. The results showed that the incorporation of ODOPM-CYC strikingly enhanced flame retardant properties of RPUF. The flame retarded RPUF acquired a limiting oxygen index (LOI) value of 26% and achieved UL-94 V-0 rating with the phosphorus content of 3 wt%. The smoke production rate (SPR) also showed an obvious decrease and total smoke release (TSR) was 39.8% lower than that of neat RPUF. Besides, the results demonstrated that the incorporation of ODOPM-CYC provided RPUF better thermal stability but did not show any obvious influence on its thermal conductivity.

scholarly journals Synthesis of K-Carrageenan Flame-Retardant Microspheres and Its Application for Waterborne Epoxy Resin with Functionalized Graphene

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1708 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wang ◽  
Teng ◽  
Yang ◽  
You ◽  
Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Epoxy Resin ◽  
Oxygen Index ◽  
Functionalized Graphene ◽  
Limiting Oxygen Index ◽  
Gas Source ◽  
Waterborne Epoxy ◽  
Emulsion Polymerizations ◽  
Flame Retardant Properties ◽  
Waterborne Epoxy Resin

In this article, the intumescent flame-retardant microsphere (KC-IFR) was prepared by inverse emulsion polymerizations, with the use of k-carrageenan (KC) as carbon source, ammonium polyphosphate (APP) as acid source, and melamine (MEL) as gas source. Meanwhile, benzoic acid functionalized graphene (BFG) was synthetized as a synergist. A “four-source flame-retardant system” (KC-IFR/BFG) was constructed with KC-IFR and BFG. KC-IFR/BFG was blended with waterborne epoxy resin (EP) to prepare flame-retardant coatings. The effects of different ratios of KC-IFR and BFG on the flame-retardant properties of EP were investigated. The results showed that the limiting oxygen index (LOI) values increased from 19.7% for the waterborne epoxy resin to 28.7% for the EP1 with 20 wt% KC-IFR. The addition of BFG further improved the LOI values of the composites. The LOI value reached 29.8% for the EP5 sample with 18 wt% KC-IFR and 2 wt% BFG and meanwhile, UL-94 test reached the V-0 level. In addition, the peak heat release (pHRR) and smoke release rate (SPR) of EP5 decreased by 63.5% and 65.4% comparing with EP0, respectively. This indicated the good flame-retardant and smoke suppression property of EP composites coating.

scholarly journals Self-Extinguishing Resin Transfer Molding Composites Using Non-Fire-Retardant Epoxy Resin

Materials ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 2554 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi Geng ◽  
Shuaishuai Yang ◽  
Lianwang Zhang ◽  
Zhenzhen Huang ◽  
Qichao Pan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Flame Retardants ◽  
Resin Transfer Molding ◽  
Fire Retardant ◽  
Functional Materials ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Fire Retardancy ◽  
Limiting Oxygen Index ◽  
Transfer Molding ◽  
Halogen Free

Introducing fire-retardant additives or building blocks into resins is a widely adopted method used for improving the fire retardancy of epoxy composites. However, the increase in viscosity and the presence of insoluble additives accompanied by resin modification remain challenges for resin transfer molding (RTM) processing. We developed a robust approach for fabricating self-extinguishing RTM composites using unmodified and flammable resins. To avoid the effects on resin fluidity and processing, we loaded the flame retardant into tackifiers instead of resins. We found that the halogen-free flame retardant, a microencapsulated red phosphorus (MRP) additive, was enriched on fabric surfaces, which endowed the composites with excellent fire retardancy. The composites showed a 79.2% increase in the limiting oxygen index, a 29.2% reduction in heat release during combustion, and could self-extinguish within two seconds after ignition. Almost no effect on the mechanical properties was observed. This approach is simple, inexpensive, and basically applicable to all resins for fabricating RTM composites. This approach adapts insoluble flame retardants to RTM processing. We envision that this approach could be extended to load other functions (radar absorbing, conductivity, etc.) into RTM composites, broadening the application of RTM processing in the field of advanced functional materials.

Preparation and Properties of Halogen-Free Flame Retardant Polyurethane Foams

2011 ◽  
Vol 418-420 ◽  
pp. 540-543 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ding Meng Chen ◽  
Yi Ping Zhao ◽  
Jia Jian Yan ◽  
Li Chen ◽  
Zhi Zhi Dong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Flame Retardants ◽  
Oxygen Index ◽  
Mechanical Analysis ◽  
Polyurethane Foams ◽  
Dimethyl Methylphosphonate ◽  
Limiting Oxygen Index ◽  
Layer Composite ◽  
Halogen Free ◽  
Thermal Stable

Polyurethane foams (PUFs) filled with several halogen-free flame retardants and composite halogen-free flame retardants were prepared. The flame retardant, thermal stable and mechanical properties of the PUFs were investigated. The results of limiting oxygen index (LOI) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) revealed that PUFs filled with dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP) had better flame retardancy compared with other flame retardants and DMMP degraded at a low temperature to form several phosphorated acids which accelerated the formation of char layer. Composite flame retardant of DMMP and melamine (MA) had a synergistic effect between phosphorus and nitrogen. The combination of DMMP and MA slightly altered the density of the PUFs. Results from the mechanical analysis revealed that with the increase in concentration of MA in the composite flame retardant of DMMP and MA, the tensile strength of PUFs reduced firstly and then increased up to a constant.

Preparation and Properties of Recycled-Polyester Nanocomposite Fibers Synergistic Modified with Phosphorus Containing Flame-Retardant and α-Zirconium Phosphate

2014 ◽  
Vol 789 ◽  
pp. 174-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi Hao Wu ◽  
Li Li Li ◽  
Shuai Shuai Jiang ◽  
Ze Xu Hu ◽  
Yu Chen Mao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Melt Spinning ◽  
Zirconium Phosphate ◽  
Oxygen Index ◽  
Fire Retardant ◽  
Limiting Oxygen Index ◽  
Phosphorus Containing ◽  
Fire Retardant Properties ◽  
Nanocomposite Fibers ◽  
Positive Effect

Recycled-polyester (RPET) was melt blended with the phosphorus-containing flame retardant (FRP) and α-zirconium phosphate (α-ZrP). The thermal properties of RPET/FRP/α-ZrP composites were analyzed. Modified RPET fibers were prepared through melt spinning of dried RPET nanocomposite chips. The mechanical properties and fire-retardant properties of RPET/FRP/α-ZrP fibers containing different α-ZrP contents were tested. The results show that the synergism of α-ZrP and FRP exerts a positive effect on the mechanical and the flame-retardant property of RPET, leading to nanocomposite fibers of 1.9cN/dtex and 31.6% limiting oxygen index (LOI) value.

Synthesis of a Flame Retardant and Hydrophobic Epoxy Resin with Multiple Elements Synergistic Effect for Tunnel Seepage Prevention Application

2020 ◽  
Vol 842 ◽  
pp. 314-325
Author(s):  
Bin Lin
Keyword(s):  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Epoxy Resin ◽  
Flame Retardancy ◽  
Oxygen Index ◽  
Fire Retardant ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Water Contact ◽  
Limiting Oxygen Index ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Grouting Materials

Epoxy resin (EP) mortar usually used to repair the cracking of concrete structure under damp environment, but EP is extremely flammable, thus it’s extremely imperative to design a novel multifunction EP grouting materials with flame retardancy and waterproofness for the practical application. Targeting ingenious decoration of EP grouting materials, multiple flame retardant elements (phosphorus, nitrogen and fluorine) are concurrently introduced into a fire retardant and the fire retardant defined as DDM-FNP. The obtained DDM-FNP/EP grouting composite possess high thermal stability, flame retardancy and hydrophobicity. The limiting oxygen index (LOI) value of DDM-FNP/EP composites has a significant improve, which is increased from 26.7 (EP-0) to 35.8 (EP-4). Composites with more than 10 wt% of DDM-FNP could pass UL-94 V-0 rating without dripping. Compared with EP-0, the PHRR and THR of EP-4 are decreased by 31.1% and 21.6%, respectively. In addition, due to the introduction of the F element, the water contact angle of EP composites is changed from 75.2° (hydrophilicity) to 98.6° (hydrophobicity) after the introduction of a certain amount of DDM-FNP flame retardant. Therefore, this work provide a new perspective to design a multifunction EP grouting composite and improve the value of practical application on seepage prevention of tunnel.

scholarly journals Flame Retardant Properties and Mechanical Properties of Polypropylene with Halogen and Halogen-Free Flame Retardant System

2022 ◽  
Vol 2160 (1) ◽  
pp. 012031
Author(s):  
Xiangdong Zhu ◽  
Yijun Chen ◽  
Chongguang Zang
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Thermal Decomposition ◽  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Oxygen Index ◽  
Decomposition Temperature ◽  
Compound System ◽  
Thermal Decomposition Temperature ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Flame Retardant Properties ◽  
Halogen Free

Abstract In this study, to improve the flame retardancy properties of polypropylene, DBDPE/Sb2O3 and DBDPE/HBCD/Sb2O3 flame retardant systems were used for flame retardant PP, and a halogen-free flame retardant PP material was prepared using the one-component intumescent flame retardant PNP1D. Tensile tests, impact tests, ultimate oxygen index, UL94V-0 vertical combustion, thermogravimetric analysis, rheological analysis and scanning electron microscopy were used to study the flame retardant properties and mechanical properties of the flame retardant PP. The test results show that both the ultimate oxygen index of DBDPE/Sb2O3 compounded flame retardant PP and the ultimate oxygen index of PNP1D flame retardant PP are nearly double that of pure PP, passing the UL-94V-0 flame retardant standard. The thermal decomposition temperature range of DBDPE/Sb2O3 compounded system and the thermal decomposition temperature range of PNP1D flame retardant PP both completely cover the thermal decomposition temperature range of both the DBDPE/Sb2O3 compound system and PNP1D flame retardant PP completely covered the thermal decomposition temperature range of pure PP. The tensile and impact strength of the DBDPE/Sb2O3 flame retardant system with 10% SK-80 is 50% higher than that of the DBDPE/Sb2O3 flame retardant system without SK-80. The modified PP with 25% PNP1D is nearly 1 time higher than pure PP in terms of carbon formation and has an ideal flame retardant effect.

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