scholarly journals Teratogenic Effect of Crude Ethanolic Root Bark and Leaf Extracts of Rauwolfia vomitoria (Apocynaceae) on Nissl Substances of Albino Wistar Rat Fetuses

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mokutima A. Eluwa ◽  
Theresa B. Ekanem ◽  
Paul B. Udoh ◽  
Moses B. Ekong ◽  
Olaitan R. Asuquo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Wistar Rat ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Root Bark ◽  
Rat Fetuses ◽  
Rauwolfia Vomitoria

Rauwolfia vomitoria is a plant used for the treatment of insanity. The possible adverse effects of crude ethanolic root bark and leaf extract of the plant on Nissl substances of albino Wistar rat fetuses were studied using 25 mature female Wistar rats. The animals were divided equally into 5 groups, labeled A, B, C, D, and E. Group A was the control, while groups B, C, D, and E were the experimental. The female rats were mated with the males overnight, and the sperm positive day was designated as day zero of pregnancy. Oral doses of 150 mg/kg and 250 mg/kg body weight of the root bark extract were administered to groups B and C animals, respectively, while groups D and E animals received 150 mg/kg and 250 mg/kg body weight of the leaf extract, respectively, from day 7 to 11 of gestation. On day 20 of gestation, the rats were sacrificed, the fetuses brains extracted, and the cerebral cortices excised and routinely processed for Nissl substances using Cresyl fast violet staining method. Results showed reduced staining intensity of Nissl substances in the treated groups, especially those that received the root extract. Thus, the herbs may have adverse effects on protein synthesis within the cerebral cortex.

scholarly journals Teratogenic Effect of Crude Ethanolic Root Bark and Leaf Extracts of Rauwolfia vomitoria (Apocynaceae) on the Liver of Albino Wistar Rat Fetuses

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mokutima A Eluwa ◽  
Theresa B Ekanem ◽  
Paul B Udoh ◽  
Amabe O Akpantah ◽  
Moses B Ekong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Fetal Liver ◽  
Virgin Female ◽  
Teratogenic Effect ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Root Bark ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Rauwolfia Vomitoria

Objectives: Rauwolfia vomitoria is a medicinal plant which is used locally for the treatment of a variety of disorders including snake and insect bites and stings, insomnia and insanity. This study was to investigate the teratogenic effect of the ethanolic root bark extract of R. vomitoria on the fetal liver. Material and methods: Twenty-five virgin female Wistar rats weighing between 180 – 200g were used. The animals were divided into 5 groups, labeled A, B, C, D and E, each consisting of 5 rats. Group A rats were the control, while Groups B, C, D and E were the experimental. The female rats at proestrous were mated with sexually matured male rats. The day after was designated as day zero of pregnancy. Groups B and C animals received oral doses of 150mg/kg and 250mg/kg body weight of the root bark extract while groups D and E animals received 150mg/kg and 250mg/kg body weight of the leaf extract respectively from 7th to 11th day of gestation. On the 20th day of gestation, the rats were sacrificed and the fetuses examined for gross anomalies. Each liver was routinely processed using Haematoxylin and Eosin method. Results: Histological observations of the fetal liver showed marked distortion of normal liver architecture in the treated groups when compared with the control, the effect being more pronounced in the groups that received the root bark extract. Conclusions: Our result suggests that ethanolic root bark and leaf extracts of Rauwolfia vomitoria maybe hepatotoxic to the developing rats liver. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v4i1.6848   Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 4(2013) 30-34

scholarly journals Teratogenic Effects of Crude Ethanolic Root Bark and Leaf Extracts of Rauwolfia vomitoria (Apocynaceae) on the Femur of Albino Wistar Rat Fetuses

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mokutima A. Eluwa ◽  
Theresa B. Ekanem ◽  
Paul B. Udoh ◽  
Moses B. Ekong ◽  
Amabe O. Akpantah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Cells ◽  
Skeletal Development ◽  
Wistar Rat ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Root Bark ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Teratogenic Effects ◽  
Group A ◽  
Rauwolfia Vomitoria

Introduction. Rauwolfia vomitoria is a plant used as a sedative and in the treatment of psychotic tendency. This study was on the teratogenic effects of its root bark and leaf extracts on Wistar rat’s fetal femurs. Materials and Methods. Twenty-five female rats weighing between 180 and 200 g were divided into 5 groups, of 5 rats each. Group A was the control, while Groups B, C, D, and E were the experimental. The female rats were mated with mature male rats to allow for pregnancy. Groups B and C animals received orally 150 mg/kg each of the root bark and leaf extracts of Rauwolfia vomitoria, respectively, while Groups D and E animals received 250 mg/kg bodyweight each of the root bark and leaf extracts of Rauwolfia vomitoria, respectively, from day 7 to day 11 of gestation. On day 20 of gestation, the rats were sacrificed, the fetuses were examined, and their femurs were dissected out and preserved, decalcified, and routinely processed using the Haematoxylin and Eosin staining method. Results. Histological observations of the fetal femur bones showed numerous osteoblast and osteoclast, hypertrophy, and hyperplasia of bone cells compared with the control. Conclusion. Ethanolic root bark and leaf extracts of Rauwolfia vomitoria may lead to advanced skeletal development.

Effect of Morus alba root bark extract on gene-level expression of inflammatory markers in rats subjected to ethanol and cerulein induced pancreatitis– influence of heat shock protein 70

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kavitha Yuvaraj ◽  
Arumugam Geetha
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Heat Shock ◽  
Morus Alba ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Root Bark ◽  
Nf Kappa B ◽  
Serum Lipase ◽  
Hsp70 Mrna ◽  
Caspase 1

Abstract Background Chronic pancreatitis (CP) is a persistent inflammation of the pancreas clinically presented with severe abdominal pain, progressive fibrosis, and loss of exocrine and endocrine functions. Inflammasomes, cytosolic multiprotein complexes which regulate the formation of proinflammatory cytokines, are influenced by various factors including heat shock proteins (HSPs). Morus alba L., or white mulberry root bark is a valued traditional Asian medicine with a diverse array of phytochemicals. The aim of this investigation was to define the modulatory action of methanolic extract of Morus alba root bark (MEMARB) on NLRP3 inflammasome, and HSPs in pancreas subjected to inflammatory insult. Methods Pancreatitis was induced in male albino Wistar rats by ethanol (0–36%) and cerulein (20 µg/kg b.wt., i.p.) for 5 weeks with or without MEMARB administration. Serum lipase/amylase (L/A) ratio, oxidative stress index (OSI) and reduced glutathione (GSH)/oxidized glutathione (GSSG) ratio in the pancreas were evaluated. Levels of serum HSP70 was quantified by ELISA. NF-kappa B, NLRP3-ASC, caspase-1, IL-1β, IL-18, and HSP70 gene expression was quantified by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Results L/A ratio and oxidative stress determined in terms of OSI and GSH/GSSG ratio were elevated in pancreatitis-induced rats. The levels were restored in MEMARB co-administered animals. Serum level of HSP70 was increased in pancreatitis-induced animals and dropped significantly in MEMARB co-administrated rats. Pancreatitis-induced group showed increased expression of NF-kappa B, IL-1β, IL-18, caspase-1, NLRP3-ASC and HSP70 mRNA than in MEMARB treated group. Conclusions It can be concluded that the M. alba root extract modulates the expression of HSP70 and NLRP3-ASC which might be attributed to its pancreato-protective effect.

scholarly journals Studies on the Phytochemical Compounds in the Ethanolic Leaf Extract (ELE), Ethanolic Bark Extract (EBE) and Ethanolic Root Extract (ERE) of Bridelia ferruginea Benth (Euphorbiaceae)

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdullahi Attah Alfa ◽  
Orukotan Abimbola Ayodeji ◽  
Goji Anthony Donatus Teru ◽  
Kokori Bajeh Tijani
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Bioactive Compound ◽  
Fats And Oils ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Suction Pump ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Bridelia Ferruginea ◽  
Phytochemical Compounds

The phytochemical compounds of Bridelia ferruginea plant parts was carried out using qualitative method to determine the bioactive compounds present in the plant leave, stem bark and root extracts. The samples was weighed, of which 100 g each of the powder were extracted in solvents (ethanol) 1000 ml macerated and stand for 72 hours. The solvents contained in the maceration bottle was decanted and filtered using a filter paper, the filtration was aided using a suction pump. The filtrate was concentrated using a rotary evaporator and then transferred into thermostatic water cabinet (Temperature was set at 45oC), allowed to dry completely. The plant parts extracts were separately kept in a screw capped bottle for further research. The bioactive compound in the plant parts were detected. The result revealed that Carbohydrates, Saponins, Flavonoids, Tannins, Cardiac Glycosides, fats and oils were present. Alkaloid present in Dragendoff’s test in all plant parts extract but absent in Mayer’s test in only leaf extract. Terpenoids/Steroids present in Liebermann-Burchard’s test in all plant parts extract but absent in Salkowski’s test in only leaf extract. Anthraquinones were absent in all plant parts extracts using Bontrager’s test. Therefore, the presence of these phyto-pharmacological compounds is an indicative that the plant is medicinal and it can be used for the treatment of bacterial and other microbial infections. Further study can be done to separate the individual metabolites to test their antimicrobial activity against some pathogenic bacteria like bacterial meningitis, tuberculosis and syphilis to determine their potency.

scholarly journals In vitro and in vivo evaluation of antibacterial activity of Bridelia ferruginea extracts on some clinical isolates

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 392-398
Author(s):  
B.T Yunana ◽  
◽  
B. B Bukar ◽  
J. C Aguiyi ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Root Bark ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Bridelia Ferruginea

The ethanol extracts of root, bark and leaf of Bridelia ferruginea was investigated for antibacterial activity against clinical isolate of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The extracts had significant antibacterial activity in vitro at concentration of 25 mg/ml, 50 mg/ml, 100 mg/ml and 200 mg/ml and in vivo at dose of 50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg. The root extract in vitro had the highest zone of inhibition, followed by the bark extract for both Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The concentration of 200 mg/ml had the highest zone of inhibition in vitro. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) showed a decreasing inhibitory effect of the plant extracts for both Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli as the concentration decreases with root having 3.125 mg/ml, bark having 6.25 mg/ml and leaf having 25 mg/ml for Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Likewise, the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) showed decreasing bactericide effects with decrease concentration with root having 12.5 mg/ml, bark having 12.5 mg/ml and leaf having 25 mg/ml for Escherichia coli while root had 6.25mg/ml, bark had 12.5mg/ml and leaf had 25mg/ml for Staphylococcus aureus. The in vivo investigation showed that the root and bark extract exhibited antibacterial activity on both Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli at doses of 100mg/kg and 50mg/kg; the root extract had higher activity than the bark and root/bark combined. The dose of 100 mg/kg had the highest colonies reduction for Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli in vivo. Preliminary phytochemical screening of root, bark and leaves of Bridelia ferruginea revealed the presence of tannins, flavonoids, carbohydrates, cardiac glycoside (root, bark and leaves), saponins (root and bark). The presence of tannins, saponins, flavonoid, cardiac glycoside and carbohydrate in the bark and root extracts of the plant indicates that the bark and root extracts were pharmacological importance

In vitro antioxidant and anti-arthritic effect of the aqueous and ethanolic leaf and root bark extract of Alafia barteri

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-14
Author(s):  
Ikeoluwapo Olanike Kolawole ◽  
◽  
Osareti Albert Taiwo Ebuehi ◽  
Esther Ayomide Awoyera ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Denaturation ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
Assay Method ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Root Bark ◽  
Eye Infections ◽  
Root Extracts ◽  
Ethanol Extracts

Alafia barteri (Apocynaceae) is a climbing shrub having white or pink flowers. Traditionally, it has been used to treat diseases like malaria, sickle cell anemia, and eye infections. This research is focused on investigating the antioxidant and anti-arthritic activities of the aqueous and ethanol leaf and root extract of Alafia barteri plant in vitro. In-vitro antioxidant methods used were 2, 2 -diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl assay, reducing power activity and hydrogen peroxide scavenging assay while the anti-arthritic activity was studied using the assay method of protein denaturation. Results revealed that aqueous and ethanol root extracts scavenge free radicals, thus inhibiting damage caused by oxidative stress in arthritis while the ethanol extracts of both the leaf and roots had good anti-arthritic activities as seen in its ability to decrease protein denaturation.

scholarly journals Vitamin E supplementation with Rauwolfia vomitoria root bark extract improves hematological indices

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 86 ◽  
Author(s):  
AkpanabiatuMonday Isaiah ◽  
EdetEmmanuel Effiong ◽  
UwahAnthony Fidelis ◽  
Otitoju Olawale ◽  
NdemJessie Idongesit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Root Bark ◽  
Hematological Indices ◽  
Rauwolfia Vomitoria ◽  
Vitamin E Supplementation

scholarly journals Ethanol leaf extract of Jatropha tanjorensis ameliorates hepatorenal toxicity of Plasmodium berghi-berghi infected mice treated with Hippocratea africana root bark extract

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 374-377
Author(s):  
JI Ndem ◽  
◽  
AF Uwah ◽  
BO Effiong ◽  
UE Bassey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Normal Control ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Root Bark ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Protective Function ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Hepatorenal Function

The effect of ethanol leaf extract of Jatropha tanjorensis on hepatorenal function of Plasmodium berghiberghi infected mice treated with root bark extract of Hippocratea africana was evaluated. Twenty-One (21) male mice weighing between 27 – 33 g used for the study were divided into seven groups. Group 1 served as normal control while Groups 2 – 7 were parasitized with Plasmodium berghi-berghi and Group 2 was the test control group (parasitized without treatment). Group 3 was administered 8 mg/kg bw of artemether-lumefantrine for 3 days. Group 4 and 5 received daily, 200 mg/kg bw and 300 mg/kg bw of Hippocratea africana and Jatropha tanjorensis respectively for 4 days. Group 6 received 8mg/kg bw of artemether-lumefantrine for 3 days followed with 300 mg/kg bw of Jatropha tanjorensis for 4 days. Group 7 was treated with 200 mg/kg bw of Hippocratea africana for 4 days followed by 300 mg/kg bw of Jatropha tanjorensis for 4 days. The concentration of urea, creatinine and the activities of the liver enzymes were observed to increase significantly following induction of malaria when compared to normal control. Treatment with artemether-lumefantrine and root bark extract of Hippocratea africana showed drug induced hepatorenal toxicity which was ameliorated with the administration of ethanol leaf extract of Jatropha tanjorensis. The study showed that Jatropha tanjorensis leaf extract had hepatorenal protective function against Plasmodium berghi-berghi infection and malaria treatment induced toxicity, that may be due to its rich phytochemicals with antioxidant activity.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Acute and Subacute Toxicities of Psidium guajava Methanolic Bark Extract: A Botanical with In Vitro Antiproliferative Potential

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hermione T. Manekeng ◽  
Armelle T. Mbaveng ◽  
Samuel A. Ntyam Mendo ◽  
Armel-Joseph D. Agokeng ◽  
Victor Kuete
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Relative Weight ◽  
Psidium Guajava ◽  
Toxicity Study ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Subacute Toxicity

The methanol crude extract of the bark of Psidium guajava (guava) previously displayed interesting cytotoxic effects on a panel of human cancer cell lines. In the present work, we plan to determine the toxicological effects of this guava botanical in Wistar rats. Acute oral toxicity of the extract was carried out by administration of a single dose of 5000 mg/kg body weight to female rats in 14 days. Subacute toxicity was conducted by oral administration of the extract at daily doses of 250 mg/kg, 500 mg/kg, and 1000 mg/kg body weight, respectively, while rats in the control group received no extract. After 28 days of treatment, animals were sacrificed for hematological and biochemical studies. In the acute toxicity study, no mortality or signs of toxicity were recorded; hence, the median lethal dose (LD50) of the Psidium guajava bark extract is greater than 5000 mg/kg body weight. For the subacute toxicity study, significant variations in body weight, relative weight of organs, and biochemical parameters were observed in the animals treated at different doses of the plant extract compared to control animals. Histopathological analyses showed minor liver inflammation in females treated at the highest dose (1000 mg/kg). These results suggest that intake of a single high dose of the Psidium guajava bark extract is nontoxic, but repeat administration could exhibit mild organ toxicity.

scholarly journals HIV-1 REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE AND PROTEASE ASSAY OF METHANOLIC EXTRACTS OF ADANSONIA DIGITATA L.

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amrish Sharma ◽  
Vinod Rangari
Keyword(s):  
Reverse Transcriptase ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Root Bark ◽  
Fruit Pulp ◽  
Adansonia Digitata ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
Anti Hiv ◽  
Protease Assay ◽  
Hiv 1

<p><strong>Objective</strong>:<strong> </strong>Anti-HIV activity studies of methanolic extracts of <em>Adansonia digitata</em> L. leaves, root bark and fruit pulp.<strong></strong></p><p><strong>Methods</strong>:<strong> </strong>Methanolic extracts of <em>A. digitata</em> were tested for HIV enzyme inhibitory activity against HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT) and HIV-1 protease (PR). HIV-1 RT assay was performed using<em> </em>non-radioactive HIV-RT colorimetric ELISA kit while the HIV-1 PR assay was performed using a fluorogenic octapeptide substrate, HIV-FRET (fluorescence resonance energy transfer) and a recombinant HIV-1 protease solution (AnaSpec Inc., USA).</p><p><strong>Results</strong>:<strong> </strong>The percentage inhibition of controls and <em>A. digitata </em>leaves, root bark and fruit pulp extracts were calculated relative to uninhibited HIV-1 RT and PR in 2% DMSO. The results of the HIV-1 RT assay indicated 26.5% inhibition by root bark extract (50 µg/ml) and 12.2% inhibition by leaf extract while the fruit pulp extract (100 µg/ml) has shown only 5.9% inhibition as compared to standard Nevirapine (100 nM) 27.5% inhibition.</p><p>In the case of HIV-protease assay, leaf extract and fruit pulp extract (50 µg/ml) has shown quite high inhibition (≥ 50%) to the extent of 75% and 74% respectively which is very significant. The root bark extract has shown 35% inhibition.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Methanolic extract of the leaves, root bark and fruit pulp of <em>A. digitata</em> has shown low anti-HIV-1 RT but significant PR activity. HIV-1 RT activity of root bark extract and HIV-1 PR activity of fruit pulp extract indicates the potential of the plant as an anti-HIV agent. </p>

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document